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维基百科

槲皮素

檞皮素Quercetin),也稱作五羥黃酮檞黃酮,又稱槲皮素[1],是一種植物性黃酮醇,屬於多酚中的黃酮類化合物,存在于水果、蔬菜和谷物等植物中。

檞皮素
IUPAC名
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one
别名 栎精
Sophoretin
Meletin
Quercetine
Xanthaurine
Quercetol
Quercitin
Quertine
Flavin meletin
识别
CAS号 117-39-5  
PubChem 5280343
ChemSpider 4444051
SMILES
InChI
InChIKey REFJWTPEDVJJIY-UHFFFAOYAW
KEGG C00389
性质
化学式 C15H10O7
摩尔质量 302.236 g/mol g·mol⁻¹
精确质量 302.042653
密度 1.799 g/cm3
熔点 316 °C
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

檞皮素广泛存在于自然界中。其英文名“quercetin”最早出现于1857年,其来源于“quercetum”,意为栎树林[2][3]其是一种天然的生长素极性运输抑制剂。[4]

檞皮素含量丰富的食品包括:茶叶(茶树;2000-2500 mg/kg),刺山柑(1800 mg/kg)[5]欧当归(1700 mg/kg),苹果(44 mg/kg),红洋葱(1910 mg/kg,最外层的含量最高[6]),红葡萄柑橘西红柿西兰花及其他绿叶蔬菜。此外还有许多浆果的含量也较高,包括覆盆子歐洲越橘(158 mg/kg,鲜重),越橘(种植74 mg/kg,野生146 mg/kg),蔓越莓(种植83 mg/kg,野生121 mg/kg),沙棘(62 mg/kg),岩高兰(种植53 mg/kg,野生56 mg/kg)[7]仙人掌的果实。2007年一项研究发现,有机种植的西红柿檞皮素含量比传统种植的高出79%。[8]

澳大利亚昆士兰大学的一项研究表明,部分品种的蜂蜜中也存在檞皮素,包括来源于桉树澳洲茶樹的蜂蜜。[9][10]

苷元

檞皮素是许多其他类黄酮苷的苷元。槲皮素与鼠李糖结合形成檞皮苷;与芸香糖结合形成芦丁;与阿拉伯糖结合形成番石榴苷;与乳糖结合形成金丝桃苷。

生理活性

大鼠生物利用度的研究显示,当放射性同位素标记的槲皮素-4-葡萄糖苷通过胃肠道后,其被转化为酚酸[11]

檞皮素既尚未被科学的证明其具有任何疗效,也没有得到任何监管机构的批准。美国食品与药品管理局尚未批准任何关于槲皮素的功效说明。[12]不過达沙替尼和槲皮素的混合物也一種潛在的返老藥(Senolytic),一項人體初步臨床試驗顯示,达沙替尼和槲皮素的混合物在患有糖尿病腎臟病變的人類患者中,確實會降低部分組織當中衰老細胞的數量。[13]

炎症

一些实验室的研究表明槲皮素可能具有抗炎特性[14][15],并在研究其潜在的疗效。[15][16]

檞皮素可减轻花粉热的症状。[17]其一种酶改性衍生物被发现具有减轻花粉热眼部症状的作用。[18][19][20]

一项对老鼠的研究表明,槲皮素能有效的减少速释型烟酸引起的潮紅現象,部分途径为减少前列腺素D2的产生。[21]一个四人的试验性临床试验给出的初步数据支持该观点。[22]

癌症

实验室体外细胞研究显示,檞皮素也可转变为致癌物,但这项研究并没有报告其会增加动物或人类的患癌风险。[23][24][25]

美国癌症协会说道,虽然檞皮素“已被选为对许多包括癌症的疾病有效的物质”,并且“一些早期的实验结果显示其具有开发前景,但现在还没有可靠的临床证据说明檞皮素可以预防或治疗人类癌症。”充足的水果和蔬菜的摄入可能降低患癌症的风险[26],槲皮素是许多可能的作用源之一受到研究。

在动物实验中,檞皮素被推测有可能降低患某些癌症的风险。[27][28]一项时长8年的研究发现,三种黄酮类化合物——山柰酚、檞皮素和杨梅素——可降低吸烟者患胰腺癌的风险。[29]

通过檞皮素与超声波结合,可抑制体外培养的皮肤癌前列腺癌细胞。[30]

代谢

檞皮素已被证明可增加大鼠的能量代谢,但仅限于短期(短于8周)。[14]檞皮素对小鼠运动耐受性的影响与增加线粒体生物合成有关。[15]小鼠口服12.5至25 mg/kg浓度依次增加的檞皮素,可增加线粒体生物标志物的基因表达,并可改善运动耐受性。.[31]

已有有关于檞皮素对结节病哮喘、肥胖与糖尿病的葡萄糖吸收的安全性和有效性的初步研究。[32]

也有学者声称檞皮素可降低高血压患者的血压[33],及可降低肥胖者的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的水平。[34]

体外研究表明檞皮素和白藜芦醇联合应用可抑制脂肪细胞的产生。[35]

药物相互作用

檞皮素有一些抗生素配伍禁忌;其可能影响氟喹诺酮的作用,因檞皮素也具有竞争结合DNA旋转酶的能力。尚未确定其是否能抑制或增强氟奎诺酮的效果。[36]

《AHFS药物信息》(2010年)[37]将檞皮素标记为CYP2C8的抑制剂,并具体的说明其与紫杉醇可能形成有害的相互作用。由于紫杉醇由CYP2C8代谢,其生物利用度可能增加或不可预测,可能导致毒副作用。[38][39]

此外,檞皮素还被描述为CYP2C9的抑制剂[40],及CYP3A4的抑制剂[41]和诱导剂[42]。CYP2C9和CPY3A4都是细胞色素P450混合功能氧化酶系统的组分,因此这些酶参与外来物质的代谢。

参考文献

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扩展阅读

槲皮素, 檞皮素, quercetin, 也稱作五羥黃酮, 檞黃酮, 又稱, 是一種植物性黃酮醇, 屬於多酚中的黃酮類化合物, 存在于水果, 蔬菜和谷物等植物中, 檞皮素iupac名2, dihydroxyphenyl, trihydroxy, chromen, one别名, 栎精sophoretinmeletinquercetinexanthaurinequercetolquercitinquertineflavin, meletin识别cas号, pubchem, 5280343chemspider, 4444. 檞皮素 Quercetin 也稱作五羥黃酮 檞黃酮 又稱槲皮素 1 是一種植物性黃酮醇 屬於多酚中的黃酮類化合物 存在于水果 蔬菜和谷物等植物中 檞皮素IUPAC名2 3 4 dihydroxyphenyl 3 5 7 trihydroxy 4H chromen 4 one别名 栎精SophoretinMeletinQuercetineXanthaurineQuercetolQuercitinQuertineFlavin meletin识别CAS号 117 39 5 PubChem 5280343ChemSpider 4444051SMILES O C1c3c O C C1 O c2ccc O c O c2 cc O cc3OInChI 1 C15H10O7 c16 7 4 10 19 12 11 5 7 22 15 14 21 13 12 20 6 1 2 8 17 9 18 3 6 h1 5 16 19 21HInChIKey REFJWTPEDVJJIY UHFFFAOYAWKEGG C00389性质化学式 C15H10O7摩尔质量 302 236 g mol g mol 精确质量 302 042653密度 1 799 g cm3熔点 316 C若非注明 所有数据均出自标准状态 25 100 kPa 下 檞皮素广泛存在于自然界中 其英文名 quercetin 最早出现于1857年 其来源于 quercetum 意为栎树林 2 3 其是一种天然的生长素极性运输抑制剂 4 檞皮素含量丰富的食品包括 茶叶 茶树 2000 2500 mg kg 刺山柑 1800 mg kg 5 欧当归 1700 mg kg 苹果 44 mg kg 红洋葱 1910 mg kg 最外层的含量最高 6 红葡萄 柑橘 西红柿 西兰花及其他绿叶蔬菜 此外还有许多浆果的含量也较高 包括覆盆子 歐洲越橘 158 mg kg 鲜重 越橘 种植74 mg kg 野生146 mg kg 蔓越莓 种植83 mg kg 野生121 mg kg 沙棘 62 mg kg 岩高兰 种植53 mg kg 野生56 mg kg 7 及仙人掌的果实 2007年一项研究发现 有机种植的西红柿檞皮素含量比传统种植的高出79 8 澳大利亚昆士兰大学的一项研究表明 部分品种的蜂蜜中也存在檞皮素 包括来源于桉树及澳洲茶樹的蜂蜜 9 10 目录 1 苷元 2 生理活性 2 1 炎症 2 2 癌症 2 3 代谢 3 药物相互作用 4 参考文献 5 扩展阅读苷元 编辑檞皮素是许多其他类黄酮苷的苷元 槲皮素与鼠李糖结合形成檞皮苷 与芸香糖结合形成芦丁 与阿拉伯糖结合形成番石榴苷 与乳糖结合形成金丝桃苷 生理活性 编辑 维基百科中的醫學内容仅供参考 並不能視作專業意見 如需獲取醫療幫助或意見 请咨询专业人士 詳見醫學聲明 对大鼠生物利用度的研究显示 当放射性同位素标记的槲皮素 4 葡萄糖苷通过胃肠道后 其被转化为酚酸 11 檞皮素既尚未被科学的证明其具有任何疗效 也没有得到任何监管机构的批准 美国食品与药品管理局尚未批准任何关于槲皮素的功效说明 12 不過达沙替尼和槲皮素的混合物也一種潛在的返老藥 Senolytic 一項人體初步臨床試驗顯示 达沙替尼和槲皮素的混合物在患有糖尿病腎臟病變的人類患者中 確實會降低部分組織當中衰老細胞的數量 13 炎症 编辑 一些实验室的研究表明槲皮素可能具有抗炎特性 14 15 并在研究其潜在的疗效 15 16 檞皮素可减轻花粉热的症状 17 其一种酶改性衍生物被发现具有减轻花粉热眼部症状的作用 18 19 20 一项对老鼠的研究表明 槲皮素能有效的减少速释型烟酸引起的潮紅現象 部分途径为减少前列腺素D2的产生 21 一个四人的试验性临床试验给出的初步数据支持该观点 22 癌症 编辑 实验室体外细胞研究显示 檞皮素也可转变为致癌物 但这项研究并没有报告其会增加动物或人类的患癌风险 23 24 25 美国癌症协会说道 虽然檞皮素 已被选为对许多包括癌症的疾病有效的物质 并且 一些早期的实验结果显示其具有开发前景 但现在还没有可靠的临床证据说明檞皮素可以预防或治疗人类癌症 充足的水果和蔬菜的摄入可能降低患癌症的风险 26 槲皮素是许多可能的作用源之一受到研究 在动物实验中 檞皮素被推测有可能降低患某些癌症的风险 27 28 一项时长8年的研究发现 三种黄酮类化合物 山柰酚 檞皮素和杨梅素 可降低吸烟者患胰腺癌的风险 29 通过檞皮素与超声波结合 可抑制体外培养的皮肤癌和前列腺癌细胞 30 代谢 编辑 檞皮素已被证明可增加大鼠的能量代谢 但仅限于短期 短于8周 14 檞皮素对小鼠运动耐受性的影响与增加线粒体生物合成有关 15 小鼠口服12 5至25 mg kg浓度依次增加的檞皮素 可增加线粒体生物标志物的基因表达 并可改善运动耐受性 31 已有有关于檞皮素对结节病 哮喘 肥胖与糖尿病的葡萄糖吸收的安全性和有效性的初步研究 32 也有学者声称檞皮素可降低高血压患者的血压 33 及可降低肥胖者的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的水平 34 体外研究表明檞皮素和白藜芦醇联合应用可抑制脂肪细胞的产生 35 药物相互作用 编辑檞皮素有一些抗生素配伍禁忌 其可能影响氟喹诺酮的作用 因檞皮素也具有竞争结合DNA旋转酶的能力 尚未确定其是否能抑制或增强氟奎诺酮的效果 36 AHFS药物信息 2010年 37 将檞皮素标记为CYP2C8的抑制剂 并具体的说明其与紫杉醇可能形成有害的相互作用 由于紫杉醇由CYP2C8代谢 其生物利用度可能增加或不可预测 可能导致毒副作用 38 39 此外 檞皮素还被描述为CYP2C9的抑制剂 40 及CYP3A4的抑制剂 41 和诱导剂 42 CYP2C9和CPY3A4都是细胞色素P450混合功能氧化酶系统的组分 因此这些酶参与外来物质的代谢 参考文献 编辑 存档副本 2020 07 02 原始内容存档于2020 07 25 Quercetin Merriam Webster 2011 06 30 原始内容存档于2020 09 24 Quercitin biochemistry Encyclopedia Brittanica 2011 06 30 原始内容存档于2014 03 18 Christiane Fischer Volker Speth Sonja Fleig Eberenz and Gunther Neuhaus lnduction of Zygotic Polyembryos in Wheat lnfluence of Auxin Polar Transport PDF Plant Cell 1999 10 9 10 1767 1780 PMC 157020 PMID 12237347 doi 10 1105 tpc 9 10 1767 USDA Database for the Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods 互联网档案馆的存檔 存档日期2012 07 16 Crystal Smith Kevin A Lombard Ellen B Peffley Weixin Liu Genetic Analysis of Quercetin in Onion Allium cepa L Lady Raider PDF The Texas Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resource Agriculture Consortium of Texas 2003 16 24 8 原始内容 PDF 存档于2007年2月25日 Sari H Hakkinen et al Content of the Flavonols Quercetin Myricetin and Kaempferol in 25 Edible Berries Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 1999 47 6 2274 9 PMID 10794622 doi 10 1021 jf9811065 引文格式1维护 显式使用等标签 link A E Mitchell Y J Hong E Koh D M Barrett D E Bryant R F Denison and S Kaffka Ten Year Comparison of the Influence of Organic and Conventional Crop Management Practices on the Content of Flavonoids in Tomatoes Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2007 55 15 6154 9 PMID 17590007 doi 10 1021 jf070344 Honey Research Unit honey fingerprinting 2011 06 30 原始内容存档于2016 03 04 Mullen W et al Bioavailability of 2 14 C quercetin 4 glucoside in rats J Agric Food Chem December 2008 2456 24 12127 37 PMID 19053221 doi 10 1021 jf802754s 引文格式1维护 显式使用等标签 link US FDA Center for Food Safety and Nutrition Qualified Health Claims Subject to Enforcement Discretion April 2007 存档副本 2011 06 30 原始内容存档于2009 05 14 Hickson LaTonya J Langhi Prata Larissa G P Bobart Shane A Evans Tamara K Giorgadze Nino Hashmi Shahrukh K Herrmann Sandra M Jensen Michael D Jia Qingyi Jordan Kyra L Kellogg Todd A Khosla Sundeep Koerber Daniel M Lagnado Anthony B Lawson Donna K LeBrasseur Nathan K Lerman Lilach O McDonald Kathleen M McKenzie Travis J Passos Joao F Pignolo Robert J Pirtskhalava Tamar Saadiq Ishran M Schaefer Kalli K Textor Stephen C Victorelli Stella G Volkman Tammie L Xue Ailing Wentworth Mark A Wissler Gerdes Erin O Zhu Yi Tchkonia Tamara Kirkland James L Senolytics decrease senescent cells in humans Preliminary report from a clinical trial of Dasatinib plus Quercetin in individuals with diabetic kidney disease EBioMedicine September 2019 47 446 456 PMC 6796530 PMID 31542391 doi 10 1016 j ebiom 2019 08 069 14 0 14 1 Laura K Stewart Jeff L Soileau David Ribnicky Zhong Q Wang Ilya Raskin Alexander Poulev Martin Majewski William T Cefalu and Thomas W Gettys Quercetin transiently increases energy expenditure but persistently decreases circulating markers of inflammation in C57BL 6J mice fed a high fat diet Metabolism 2008 57 15 0 15 1 15 2 J Mark Davis E Angela Murphy Martin D Carmichael and Ben Davis Quercetin increases brain and muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and exercise tolerance Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009 296 Phys Ed Is Quercetin Really a Wonder Sports Supplement 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 By Gretchen Reynolds New York Times October 7 2009 Review of the research Balabolkin II Gordeeva GF Fuseva ED Dzhunelov AB Kalugina OL Khamidova MM Use of vitamins in allergic illnesses in children Voprosy meditsinskoi khimii 1992 38 5 36 40 PMID 1492394 Hirano T Kawai M Arimitsu J Ogawa M Kuwahara Y Hagihara K Shima Y Narazaki M Ogata A Preventative effect of a flavonoid enzymatically modified isoquercitrin on ocular symptoms of Japanese cedar pollinosis Allergology international official journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology 2009 58 3 373 82 PMID 19454839 doi 10 2332 allergolint 08 OA 0070 Kawai M Hirano T Arimitsu J Higa S Kuwahara Y Hagihara K Shima Y Narazaki M Ogata A Effect of enzymatically modified isoquercitrin a flavonoid on symptoms of Japanese cedar pollinosis a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial International archives of allergy and immunology 2009 149 4 359 68 PMID 19295240 doi 10 1159 000205582 Mainardi T Kapoor S Bielory L Complementary and alternative medicine herbs phytochemicals and vitamins and their immunologic effects The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2009 123 2 283 94 quiz 295 6 PMID 19203652 doi 10 1016 j jaci 2008 12 023 Papaliodis D Boucher W Kempuraj D Theoharides TC The flavonoid luteolin inhibits niacin induced flush Brit J Pharmacol 2008 153 7 1382 87 PMC 2437911 PMID 18223672 doi 10 1038 sj bjp 0707668 Kalogeromitros D Makris M Chliva C Aggelides X Kempuraj D Theoharides TC A quercetin containing supplement reduces niacin induced flush in humans International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology 2008 21 3 509 14 PMID 18831918 Verschoyle RD Steward WP Gescher AJ Putative cancer chemopreventive agents of dietary origin how safe are they Nutr Cancer 2007 59 2 152 62 PMID 18001209 doi 10 1080 01635580701458186 不活跃 2009 06 26 Rietjens IM Boersma MG van der Woude H Jeurissen SM Schutte ME Alink GM Flavonoids and alkenylbenzenes mechanisms of mutagenic action and carcinogenic risk Mutat Res July 2005 574 1 2 124 38 PMID 15914212 doi 10 1016 j mrfmmm 2005 01 028 van der Woude H Alink GM van Rossum BE et al Formation of transient covalent protein and DNA adducts by quercetin in cells with and without oxidative enzyme activity Chem Res Toxicol December 2005 18 12 1907 16 PMID 16359181 doi 10 1021 tx050201m 引文格式1维护 显式使用等标签 link Guidance for Industry A Food Labeling Guide XI Appendix C Health Claims 21 CFR 101 76 and 21 CFR 101 78 April 2008 US Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration 2011 06 30 原始内容存档于2013 03 07 Neuhouser ML Dietary flavonoids and cancer risk evidence from human population studies Nutr Cancer 2004 50 1 1 7 PMID 15572291 doi 10 1207 s15327914nc5001 1 Murakami A Ashida H Terao J Multitargeted cancer prevention by quercetin Cancer Lett October 2008 269 2 315 25 PMID 18467024 doi 10 1016 j canlet 2008 03 046 Nothlings U et al Flavonols and pancreatic cancer risk American Journal of Epidemiology 2007 166 8 924 931 PMID 17690219 doi 10 1093 aje kwm172 引文格式1维护 显式使用等标签 link Paliwal S Sundaram J Mitragotri S Induction of cancer specific cytotoxicity towards human prostate and skin cells using quercetin and ultrasound British Journal of Cancer 2005 92 3 499 502 2011 06 30 PMC 2362095 PMID 15685239 doi 10 1038 sj bjc 6602364 原始内容存档于2017 08 16 Davis JM Murphy EA Carmichael MD Davis B Quercetin increases brain and muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and exercise tolerance Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009 296 4 R1071 7 PMID 19211721 doi 10 1152 ajpregu 90925 2008 Clinicaltrials gov National Institutes of Health 2011 06 30 原始内容存档于2020 07 25 Edwards RL Lyon T Litwin SE Rabovsky A Symons JD Jalili T Quercetin reduces blood pressure in hypertensive subjects J Nutr 1 November 2007 137 11 2405 11 PMID 17951477 Egert S et al Quercetin reduces systolic blood pressure and plasma oxidised low density lipoprotein concentrations in overweight subjects with a high cardiovascular disease risk phenotype A double blinded placebo controlled cross over study Br J Nutr 2009 102 7 1065 1074 PMID 19402938 doi 10 1017 S0007114509359127 引文格式1维护 显式使用等标签 link Yang JY Della Fera MA Rayalam S Ambati S Hartzell DL Park HJ Baile CA Enhanced inhibition of adipogenesis and induction of apoptosis in 3T3 L1 adipocytes with combinations of resveratrol and quercetin Life Sci 2008 82 19 20 1032 9 PMID 18433793 doi 10 1016 j lfs 2008 03 003 Hilliard JJ Krause HM Bernstein JI et al A comparison of active site binding of 4 quinolones and novel flavone gyrase inhibitors to DNA gyrase Adv Exp Med Biol 1995 390 59 69 PMID 8718602 引文格式1维护 显式使用等标签 link 存档副本 2011 06 22 原始内容存档于2011 07 07 Bun SS Ciccolini J Bun H Aubert C Catalin J Drug interactions of paclitaxel metabolism in human liver microsomes J Chemother 2003 06 15 3 266 74 PMID 12868554 Bun SS Giacometti S Fanciullino R Ciccolini J Bun H Aubert C Effect of several compounds on biliary excretion of paclitaxel and its metabolites in guinea pigs Anticancer Drugs 2005 07 16 6 675 82 PMID 15930897 doi 10 1097 00001813 200507000 00013 请检查 date 中的日期值 帮助 Si Dayong Wang Y Zhou Y H Guo Y Wang J Zhou H Li Z S Fawcett JP Mechanism of CYP2C9 inhibition by flavones and flavonols PDF Drug Metabolism and Disposition March 2009 37 3 629 634 2011 06 30 PMID 19074529 doi 10 1124 dmd 108 023416 原始内容存档 PDF 于2008 12 17 Su Lan Hsiu Yu Chi Hou Yao Horng Wang Chih Wan Tsao Sheng Fang Sue and Pei Dawn L Chao Quercetin significantly decreased cyclosporin oral bioavailability in pigs and rats Life Sciences 6 December 2002 72 3 227 235 PMID 12427482 doi 10 1016 S0024 3205 02 02235 X Judy L Raucy Regulation of CYP3A4 Expression in Human Hepatocytes by Pharmaceuticals and Natural Products Drug Metabolism and Disposition 1 May 2003 31 3 533 539 PMID 12695340 doi 10 1124 dmd 31 5 533 扩展阅读 编辑UMM槲皮素信息页 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 马里兰大学医疗中心网站 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 槲皮素 amp oldid 75809135, 维基百科,wiki,书籍,书籍,图书馆,

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