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绿色革命

绿色革命(英語:Green Revolution),或称为第三次农业革命Third Agricultural Revolution),是一组1950年至1960年代末之间的一系列研究技术转让倡议,1960年代末开始最显着地提高了全世界的农业产量,特别是在发展中国家。[1] 这些举措使新技术得到应用,其中包括谷物的高产品种英语High-yielding varieties(HYVs),特别是矮化小麦和水稻、化肥和农用化学品结合、可控的供水(通常涉及灌溉)和新耕种方法,包括机械化。这些都被视为将取代“传统”技术、被整体采用的“一揽子实践”。[2]

第二次世界大战后,包括杀虫剂和化肥以及新品种的高产作物在内的更多技术的使用大大提高了全球粮食产量。

福特基金会洛克菲勒基金會都参与了绿色革命在墨西哥的最初发展。[3][4]其中一位主要领导人“绿色革命之父”诺曼·博劳格于1970年获得诺贝尔和平奖。他因拯救了超过十亿的饥饿人口而倍受赞誉。其基本方法是开发谷物高产品种,扩大灌溉基础设施,现代化管理技术,向农民分发杂交种子、合成肥料和农药

美国国际开发署(USAID)署长威廉·高德(William S. Gaud)在1968年3月8日的演讲中首次使用了“绿色革命”一词,他提到了新技术的传播:“农业领域中这些及其他的进步包含着一场新的革命。这不是像苏联那样的红色革命,也不是像伊朗国王那样的白色革命。我称之为绿色革命。”[5][6]

参见 编辑

参考文献 编辑

引用 编辑

  1. ^ Hazell, Peter B.R. . IFPRI Discussion Paper (Intl Food Policy Res Inst). 2009 [2019-12-24]. GGKEY:HS2UT4LADZD. (原始内容存档于2020-10-28). 
  2. ^ Farmer, B. H. Perspectives on the 'Green Revolution'in South Asia. Modern Asian Studies. 1986, 20 (1): 175–99. doi:10.1017/s0026749x00013627. 
  3. ^ Wright, Angus, "Downslope and North: How Soil Degradation and Synthetic Pesticides Drove the Trajectory of Mexican Agriculture through the Twentieth Century" in Christopher R. Boyer, A Land Between Waters: Environmental Histories of Modern Mexico. Tucson: University of Arizona Press 2012, pp. 22-49.
  4. ^ Gary Toenniessen et al. "Building an alliance for a green revolution in Africa." Annals of the New York academy of sciences 1136.1 (2008): 233–42. online (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  5. ^ Gaud, William S. The Green Revolution: Accomplishments and Apprehensions. AgBioWorld. 8 March 1968 [8 August 2011]. (原始内容于2016-01-18). 
  6. ^ Marie-Monique Robin, The World According to Monsanto: Pollution, Corruption, and the Control of the World's Food Supply (The New Press, 2010) p. 308 [缺少ISBN]

资料来源 编辑

  • Dr Arvind Upadhayaya. . [2019-12-24]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-24). 
  • Conway, Gordon. The doubly green revolution: food for all in the twenty-first century. Ithaca, NY: Comstock Pub. 1998. ISBN 978-0-8014-8610-4. 
  • Dowie, Mark. American foundations: an investigative history. Cambridge, MA: MIT. 2001. ISBN 978-0-262-04189-8. 
  • Farrell, John Joseph; Altieri, Miguel A. Agroecology: the science of sustainable agriculture 2nd. Boulder, CO: Westview. 1995. ISBN 978-0-8133-1718-2. 
  • Frison, Emile. . Development and Cooperation. 2008, 49 (5): 190–93. (原始内容存档于8 December 2008). 
  • Jain, H.K. The Green Revolution: History, Impact and Future 1st. Houston, TX: Studium Press. 2010. ISBN 978-1-933699-63-9. 
  • Oasa, Edmund K. Glaeser, Bernhard , 编. The Green Revolution revisited: critique and alternatives. Allen & Unwin. 1987: 13–55. ISBN 978-0-04-630014-2. 
  • Ross, Eric. The Malthus Factor: Poverty, Politics and Population in Capitalist Development. London: Zed Books. 1998. ISBN 978-1-85649-564-6. 
  • Ruttan, Vernon. The Green Revolution: Seven Generalizations. International Development Review. 1977, 19: 16–23. 
  • Sen, Amartya Kumar; Drèze, Jean. Hunger and public action. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1989. ISBN 978-0-19-828365-2. 
  • Shiva, Vandana. The violence of the green revolution: Ecological degradation and political conflict in Punjab. Dehra Dun: Research Foundation for Science and Ecology. 1989. ISBN 978-81-85019-19-2. 
  • Smil, Vaclav. Enriching the Earth: Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch, and the Transformation of World Food Production. MIT Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-262-69313-4. 
  • Spitz, Pierre. Glaeser, Bernhard , 编. The Green Revolution revisited: critique and alternatives. Allen & Unwin. 1987: 57–75. ISBN 978-0-04-630014-2. 
  • Wright, Angus. Bruce Colman; Jackson, Wes , 编. Meeting the expectations of the land: essays in sustainable agriculture and stewardship. San Francisco: North Point Press. 1984: 124–38. ISBN 978-0-86547-171-9.  Editors list列表缺少|last2= (帮助)
  • Wright, Angus Lindsay. The death of Ramón González: the modern agricultural dilemma. Austin: University of Texas Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-292-71268-3. 

延伸阅读 编辑

  • Cotter, Joseph (2003). Troubled Harvest: Agronomy and Revolution in Mexico, 1880–2002. Westport, CT: Prager [缺少ISBN]
  • Deb, Debal, "Restoring Rice Biodiversity", Scientific American, vol. 321, no. 4 (October 2019), pp. 54–61. "India originally possessed some 110,000 landraces of rice with diverse and valuable properties. These include enrichment in vital nutrients and the ability to withstand flood, drought, salinity or pest infestations. The Green Revolution covered fields with a few high-yielding varieties, so that roughly 90 percent of the landraces vanished from farmers' collections. High-yielding varieties require expensive inputs. They perform abysmally on marginal farms or in adverse environmental conditions, forcing poor farmers into debt." (p. 54.)
  • Harwood, Andrew (14 June 2013). "Development policy and history: lessons from the Green Revolution" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
  • Jain, H.K. Green revolution: history, impact and future. Houston: Studium Press. 2010. ISBN 978-1441674487.  A brief history, for general readers.

外部链接 编辑

  • Norman Borlaug talk transcript, 1996
  • The Green Revolution in the Punjab, by Vandana Shiva (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  • . Rockefeller Foundation. (原始内容存档于2 October 2010). 
  • Moseley, W. G. . Minneapolis StarTribune. 14 May 2008. (原始内容存档于16 December 2018). 
  • Rowlatt, Justin. . BBC News. December 1, 2016 [December 1, 2016]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-25).  About the 50th anniversary of the rice strain.

绿色革命, 此條目介紹的是農業的轉變, 关于伊朗的群眾運動, 请见, 伊朗綠色革命, 关于卡扎菲灭亡利比亚王国的革命, 请见, 利比亚, 英語, green, revolution, 或称为第三次农业革命, third, agricultural, revolution, 是一组1950年至1960年代末之间的一系列研究技术转让倡议, 1960年代末开始最显着地提高了全世界的农业产量, 特别是在发展中国家, 这些举措使新技术得到应用, 其中包括谷物的高产品种, 英语, high, yielding, varieti. 此條目介紹的是農業的轉變 关于伊朗的群眾運動 请见 伊朗綠色革命 关于卡扎菲灭亡利比亚王国的革命 请见 利比亚绿色革命 绿色革命 英語 Green Revolution 或称为第三次农业革命 Third Agricultural Revolution 是一组1950年至1960年代末之间的一系列研究技术转让倡议 1960年代末开始最显着地提高了全世界的农业产量 特别是在发展中国家 1 这些举措使新技术得到应用 其中包括谷物的高产品种 英语 High yielding varieties HYVs 特别是矮化小麦和水稻 化肥和农用化学品结合 可控的供水 通常涉及灌溉 和新耕种方法 包括机械化 这些都被视为将取代 传统 技术 被整体采用的 一揽子实践 2 第二次世界大战后 包括杀虫剂和化肥以及新品种的高产作物在内的更多技术的使用大大提高了全球粮食产量 福特基金会和洛克菲勒基金會都参与了绿色革命在墨西哥的最初发展 3 4 其中一位主要领导人 绿色革命之父 诺曼 博劳格于1970年获得诺贝尔和平奖 他因拯救了超过十亿的饥饿人口而倍受赞誉 其基本方法是开发谷物高产品种 扩大灌溉基础设施 现代化管理技术 向农民分发杂交种子 合成肥料和农药 美国国际开发署 USAID 署长威廉 高德 William S Gaud 在1968年3月8日的演讲中首次使用了 绿色革命 一词 他提到了新技术的传播 农业领域中这些及其他的进步包含着一场新的革命 这不是像苏联那样的红色革命 也不是像伊朗国王那样的白色革命 我称之为绿色革命 5 6 目录 1 参见 2 参考文献 2 1 引用 2 2 资料来源 3 延伸阅读 4 外部链接参见 编辑马尔萨斯灾难 农业机器人 英语 Agricultural robot 阿拉伯农业革命 英语 Arab Agricultural Revolution 英国农业革命 農業對環境的影響 食物主权 英语 Food sovereignty 基因污染 新石器革命 小规模农业 英语 Small scale agriculture 處女地運動参考文献 编辑引用 编辑 Hazell Peter B R The Asian Green Revolution IFPRI Discussion Paper Intl Food Policy Res Inst 2009 2019 12 24 GGKEY HS2UT4LADZD 原始内容存档于2020 10 28 Farmer B H Perspectives on the Green Revolution in South Asia Modern Asian Studies 1986 20 1 175 99 doi 10 1017 s0026749x00013627 Wright Angus Downslope and North How Soil Degradation and Synthetic Pesticides Drove the Trajectory of Mexican Agriculture through the Twentieth Century in Christopher R Boyer A Land Between Waters Environmental Histories of Modern Mexico Tucson University of Arizona Press 2012 pp 22 49 Gary Toenniessen et al Building an alliance for a green revolution in Africa Annals of the New York academy of sciences 1136 1 2008 233 42 online 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Gaud William S The Green Revolution Accomplishments and Apprehensions AgBioWorld 8 March 1968 8 August 2011 原始内容存档于2016 01 18 Marie Monique Robin The World According to Monsanto Pollution Corruption and the Control of the World s Food Supply The New Press 2010 p 308 缺少ISBN 资料来源 编辑 Dr Arvind Upadhayaya Black spots in Green revolution 2019 12 24 原始内容存档于2021 02 24 Conway Gordon The doubly green revolution food for all in the twenty first century Ithaca NY Comstock Pub 1998 ISBN 978 0 8014 8610 4 Dowie Mark American foundations an investigative history Cambridge MA MIT 2001 ISBN 978 0 262 04189 8 Farrell John Joseph Altieri Miguel A Agroecology the science of sustainable agriculture 2nd Boulder CO Westview 1995 ISBN 978 0 8133 1718 2 Frison Emile Green Revolution in Africa will depend on biodiversity Development and Cooperation 2008 49 5 190 93 原始内容存档于8 December 2008 Jain H K The Green Revolution History Impact and Future 1st Houston TX Studium Press 2010 ISBN 978 1 933699 63 9 Oasa Edmund K Glaeser Bernhard 编 The Green Revolution revisited critique and alternatives Allen amp Unwin 1987 13 55 ISBN 978 0 04 630014 2 Ross Eric The Malthus Factor Poverty Politics and Population in Capitalist Development London Zed Books 1998 ISBN 978 1 85649 564 6 Ruttan Vernon The Green Revolution Seven Generalizations International Development Review 1977 19 16 23 Sen Amartya Kumar Dreze Jean Hunger and public action Oxford Clarendon Press 1989 ISBN 978 0 19 828365 2 Shiva Vandana The violence of the green revolution Ecological degradation and political conflict in Punjab Dehra Dun Research Foundation for Science and Ecology 1989 ISBN 978 81 85019 19 2 Smil Vaclav Enriching the Earth Fritz Haber Carl Bosch and the Transformation of World Food Production MIT Press 2004 ISBN 978 0 262 69313 4 Spitz Pierre Glaeser Bernhard 编 The Green Revolution revisited critique and alternatives Allen amp Unwin 1987 57 75 ISBN 978 0 04 630014 2 Wright Angus Bruce Colman Jackson Wes 编 Meeting the expectations of the land essays in sustainable agriculture and stewardship San Francisco North Point Press 1984 124 38 ISBN 978 0 86547 171 9 Editors list列表缺少 last2 帮助 Wright Angus Lindsay The death of Ramon Gonzalez the modern agricultural dilemma Austin University of Texas Press 2005 ISBN 978 0 292 71268 3 延伸阅读 编辑Cotter Joseph 2003 Troubled Harvest Agronomy and Revolution in Mexico 1880 2002 Westport CT Prager 缺少ISBN Deb Debal Restoring Rice Biodiversity Scientific American vol 321 no 4 October 2019 pp 54 61 India originally possessed some 110 000 landraces of rice with diverse and valuable properties These include enrichment in vital nutrients and the ability to withstand flood drought salinity or pest infestations The Green Revolution covered fields with a few high yielding varieties so that roughly 90 percent of the landraces vanished from farmers collections High yielding varieties require expensive inputs They perform abysmally on marginal farms or in adverse environmental conditions forcing poor farmers into debt p 54 Harwood Andrew 14 June 2013 Development policy and history lessons from the Green Revolution 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Jain H K Green revolution history impact and future Houston Studium Press 2010 ISBN 978 1441674487 A brief history for general readers 外部链接 编辑Norman Borlaug talk transcript 1996 The Green Revolution in the Punjab by Vandana Shiva 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Accelerating the Green Revolution in Africa Rockefeller Foundation 原始内容存档于2 October 2010 Moseley W G In search of a better revolution Minneapolis StarTribune 14 May 2008 原始内容存档于16 December 2018 Rowlatt Justin IR8 The Miracle Rice Which Saved Millions of Lives BBC News December 1 2016 December 1 2016 原始内容存档于2021 04 25 About the 50th anniversary of the rice strain 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 绿色革命 amp oldid 76253635, 维基百科,wiki,书籍,书籍,图书馆,

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