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维基百科

酪氨酸激酶2

非受体酪氨酸激酶2(英語:Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinaseTYK2) 是人类基因组中TYK2基因所编码的[7][8]

酪氨酸激酶2
已知的結構
PDB直系同源搜索: PDBe RCSB
識別號
别名TYK2;, IMD35, JTK1, tyrosine kinase 2, Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase
外部IDOMIM:176941 MGI:1929470 HomoloGene:20712 GeneCards:TYK2
相關疾病
類風濕性關節炎、​1型糖尿病、​銀屑病、​susceptibility to infection due to TYK2 deficiency[1]
為以下藥物的標靶
鲁索利替尼[2]
基因位置(人类
染色体19號染色體[3]
基因座19p13.2起始10,350,529 bp[3]
终止10,380,572 bp[3]
RNA表达模式
查阅更多表达数据
直系同源
物種人類小鼠
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
mRNA​序列

NM_003331

NM_001205312
​NM_018793

蛋白序列

NP_003322

NP_001192241
​NP_061263

基因位置​(UCSC)Chr 19: 10.35 – 10.38 MbChr 9: 21.02 – 21.04 Mb
PubMed​查找[5][6]
維基數據
檢視/編輯人類檢視/編輯小鼠

TYK2是JAK家族中第一个被报导的(该家族的其它成员有JAK1、JAK2和JAK3)[9],与干扰素α、IL-6IL-10和IL-12的信号相关。

功能 编辑

酪氨酸激酶2是TYK2基因编码的酪氨酸激酶JAK激酶家族(JAKs)的一个成员蛋白。该蛋白与I型或II型细胞因子受体的胞质结构域结合,并通过磷酸化受体亚基来传递细胞因子的信号。该酶参与干扰素α和β产生的信号通路,因此也可能在抗病毒免疫中扮演一个角色[8]

细胞因子通过调节免疫细胞以及其它系统的细胞的存活、增殖、分化以及功能在免疫与炎症中起关键作用[10]。因此,以细胞因子及其受体为靶标是治疗这类疾病的有效手段。白细胞介素干扰素促红细胞生成素等细胞因子正是通过I型和II型细胞因子受体与JAK家族的激酶结合来传递胞内信号。[11]

哺乳动物的JAK激酶家族拥有四个成员:JAK1、JAK2、JAK3和酪氨酸激酶2(TYK2)[9]。Jak激酶和细胞因子信号之间关系的第一次阐明是在筛选I型干扰素英语interferon type I(IFN-1)信号相关基因时,鉴别出Tyk2是细胞因子受体进行一系列激活必要组件[12]。而与早先在小鼠模型分析的基础上鉴定出的Tyk2对IL-12与I型干扰素信号的介导相比,Tyk2在人类基因组中的功能更为广泛和深刻。TYK2缺陷已在人类细胞中比在小鼠细胞的影响更大,在干扰素α和β以及IL-12之外,Tyk2还对IL-23、IL-10以及IL-6信号的转导起重要作用。因此,对于与gp-130受体链相结合的IL-6类细胞因子,包括IL-6、IL-11、IL-27、IL-31、制瘤素英语MOncostatin M(OSM)、睫状神经营养因子英语ciliary neurotrophic factor心肌营养素1英语cardiotrophin 1心肌营养素样细胞因子因子英语CLCF1以及LIF,Tyk2都具有信号传导作用。近来由发现了IL-12和IL-23在激活Tyk2的过程中使用了相同的配体与受体亚基。

IL-10是一个关键的抗炎性细胞因子,IL-10基因敲除的小鼠会遭受致命的全身性自體免疫性疾病。Tyk2由IL-10激活它的缺乏会影响细胞生成和响应IL-10的能力[13]。在一般生理条件下,免疫细胞会受到许多种细胞因子的调节作用。现在已经清楚的是,这些不同的细胞因子信号在通过JAK–STAT信号通路时,会发生相互串扰[14]

炎症上的機制 编辑

目前普遍認為动脉粥样硬化肇因於發炎現象中的分子与细胞变化[15],而血管發炎可能是由血管收縮素II(Angiotensin II)的表現增加所致。發炎的血管會在局部分泌白細胞介素6英语Interleukin 6(Interleukin 6,IL-6),IL-6是一種細胞激素,會促進血管收縮素II合成及分泌,和透過JAK-STAT信號通路促進肝臟的血管新生作用。

JAK/STAT3途徑會被目標細胞膜上的高親和性蛋白受體白細胞介素6受體英语Interleukin-6 receptor(Interleukin-6 receptor,IL-6R)致活,參與這個連鎖反應的蛋白,包含了醣蛋白130英语glycoprotein 130(glycoprotein 130,gp-130)和酪胺酸激酶(JAK1、JAK2和Tyk2)[16]

在慢性哮喘患者的肺中,細胞因子白細胞介素4(Interleukin 4,IL-4)和白細胞介素13英语Interleukin 13(Interleukin 13,IL-13)的濃度會升高。經由IL-4/IL-13複合物的信息途徑被認為是由白細胞介素6受體英语interleukin-4 receptor(Interleukin-6 receptor,IL-4Rα),其中受體包含了JAK-1和Tyk2等激酶。[17]

從缺乏Tyk2的小鼠(Tyk2-/-)身上,我們可以觀察到Tyk2對於類風溼性關節炎的發生所造成的影響[18]。Tyk2-/-的小鼠對於低劑量的干擾素-α (IFN-α)缺乏反應性,但在高劑量的 IFN-α和IFN-β作用下,反應仍然是正常的[14][19]。另外,這些小鼠對於IL-6和IL-10的作用反應正常,可見Tyk2對於IL-6和IL-10的傳訊調節上市非必要的,且在IFN-α的傳訊上也並不是扮演非常主要的角色。

雖然Tyk2-/-的小鼠表型正常,但他們在發炎反應中仍然有許多不正常的症狀[20]。最明顯的是這些小鼠的巨噬細胞不會受到脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)的刺激而釋放出一氧化氮。對於這LPS信息傳送的分子機制,進一步的研究發現,Tyk2和IFN-β的缺失會阻抗脂多糖誘導內毒素性休克(endotoxin shock),而STAT1缺失的小鼠則比較容易受到感染[21]

Tyk2抑制劑的發展可能可以作為治療類風溼性關節炎的藥品[22]

臨床上的重要性 编辑

TYK2基因的突變與高免疫球蛋白E症候群英语Hyper-IgE syndrome(Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome,HIES),一種造成血漿中免疫球蛋白IgE濃度不正常升高的疾病相关。[23][24][25]

交互作用 编辑

酪氨酸激酶2已知能与FYN[26]、PTPN6[27]、IFNAR1[28][29]、Ku80[30]以及GNB2L1[31]发生相互作用

参考文献 编辑

  1. ^ 與酪氨酸激酶2相關的疾病;在維基數據上查看/編輯參考. 
  2. ^ 對酪氨酸激酶2起作用的藥物;在維基數據上查看/編輯參考. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000105397 - Ensembl, May 2017
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032175 - Ensembl, May 2017
  5. ^ Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. 
  6. ^ Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. 
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  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Entrez Gene: TYK2 tyrosine kinase 2. (原始内容于2019-06-14). 
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  26. ^ Uddin, S; Sher D A, Alsayed Y, Pons S, Colamonici O R, Fish E N, White M F, Platanias L C. Interaction of p59fyn with interferon-activated Jak kinases. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (United States). June 1997, 235 (1): 83–8. ISSN 0006-291X. PMID 9196040. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6741. 
  27. ^ Yetter, A; Uddin S, Krolewski J J, Jiao H, Yi T, Platanias L C. Association of the interferon-dependent tyrosine kinase Tyk-2 with the hematopoietic cell phosphatase. J. Biol. Chem. (United States). August 1995, 270 (31): 18179–82. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 7629131. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.31.18179. 
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延伸阅读 编辑

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  • Uddin S, Gardziola C, Dangat A; et al. Interaction of the c-cbl proto-oncogene product with the Tyk-2 protein tyrosine kinase.. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1996, 225 (3): 833–8. PMID 8780698. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1996.1259. 
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  • Burfoot MS, Rogers NC, Watling D; et al. Janus kinase-dependent activation of insulin receptor substrate 1 in response to interleukin-4, oncostatin M, and the interferons.. J. Biol. Chem. 1997, 272 (39): 24183–90. PMID 9305869. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.39.24183. 
  • Gauzzi MC, Barbieri G, Richter MF; et al. The amino-terminal region of Tyk2 sustains the level of interferon alpha receptor 1, a component of the interferon alpha/beta receptor.. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1997, 94 (22): 11839–44. PMC 23625 . PMID 9342324. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.22.11839. 
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  • Ahmad S, Alsayed YM, Druker BJ, Platanias LC. The type I interferon receptor mediates tyrosine phosphorylation of the CrkL adaptor protein.. J. Biol. Chem. 1997, 272 (48): 29991–4. PMID 9374471. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.48.29991. 

酪氨酸激酶2, 非受体, 英語, receptor, tyrosine, protein, kinase, tyk2, 是人类基因组中tyk2基因所编码的酶, 已知的結構pdb直系同源搜索, pdbe, rcsbpdbid列表3lxn, 3lxp, 3nyx, 3nz0, 3zon, 4gfo, 4gih, 4gii, 4gj2, 4gj3, 4gvj, 4oli, 4po6, 4py1, 4wov, 5c01, 5c03, 5f20, 5f1z識別號别名tyk2, imd35, jtk1, tyrosine, k. 非受体酪氨酸激酶2 英語 Non receptor tyrosine protein kinase TYK2 是人类基因组中TYK2基因所编码的酶 7 8 酪氨酸激酶2已知的結構PDB直系同源搜索 PDBe RCSBPDBID列表3LXN 3LXP 3NYX 3NZ0 3ZON 4GFO 4GIH 4GII 4GJ2 4GJ3 4GVJ 4OLI 4PO6 4PY1 4WOV 5C01 5C03 5F20 5F1Z識別號别名TYK2 IMD35 JTK1 tyrosine kinase 2 Non receptor tyrosine protein kinase外部IDOMIM 176941 MGI 1929470 HomoloGene 20712 GeneCards TYK2相關疾病類風濕性關節炎 1型糖尿病 銀屑病 susceptibility to infection due to TYK2 deficiency 1 為以下藥物的標靶鲁索利替尼 2 基因位置 人类 染色体19號染色體 3 基因座19p13 2起始10 350 529 bp 3 终止10 380 572 bp 3 基因位置 小鼠 染色体小鼠9号染色体 4 基因座9 9 A3起始21 015 364 bp 4 终止21 042 539 bp 4 RNA表达模式查阅更多表达数据基因本體分子功能 轉移酶活性 核苷酸結合 蛋白激酶活性 type 1 angiotensin receptor binding growth hormone receptor binding 激酶活性 血浆蛋白结合 protein tyrosine kinase activity ATP結合 non membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity細胞組分 細胞質 细胞质基质 膜 extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane 外排體 细胞骨架 细胞核生物學過程 细胞分化 intracellular signal transduction 磷酸化 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway protein phosphorylation regulation of type I interferon mediated signaling pathway regulation of cell population proliferation type I interferon signaling pathway peptidyl tyrosine autophosphorylation 先天免疫系統 细胞迁移 interleukin 12 mediated signaling pathway peptidyl tyrosine phosphorylation cytokine mediated signaling pathway interleukin 23 mediated signaling pathway interleukin 27 mediated signaling pathwaySources Amigo QuickGO直系同源物種人類小鼠Entrez729754721EnsemblENSG00000105397ENSMUSG00000032175UniProtP29597Q9R117mRNA 序列NM 003331NM 001205312 NM 018793蛋白序列NP 003322NP 001192241 NP 061263基因位置 UCSC Chr 19 10 35 10 38 MbChr 9 21 02 21 04 MbPubMed 查找 5 6 維基數據檢視 編輯人類檢視 編輯小鼠TYK2是JAK家族中第一个被报导的 该家族的其它成员有JAK1 JAK2和JAK3 9 与干扰素a IL 6 IL 10和IL 12的信号相关 目录 1 功能 2 炎症上的機制 3 臨床上的重要性 4 交互作用 5 参考文献 6 延伸阅读功能 编辑酪氨酸激酶2是TYK2基因编码的酪氨酸激酶中JAK激酶家族 JAKs 的一个成员蛋白 该蛋白与I型或II型细胞因子受体的胞质结构域结合 并通过磷酸化受体亚基来传递细胞因子的信号 该酶参与干扰素a和b产生的信号通路 因此也可能在抗病毒免疫中扮演一个角色 8 细胞因子通过调节免疫细胞以及其它系统的细胞的存活 增殖 分化以及功能在免疫与炎症中起关键作用 10 因此 以细胞因子及其受体为靶标是治疗这类疾病的有效手段 白细胞介素 干扰素和促红细胞生成素等细胞因子正是通过I型和II型细胞因子受体与JAK家族的激酶结合来传递胞内信号 11 哺乳动物的JAK激酶家族拥有四个成员 JAK1 JAK2 JAK3和酪氨酸激酶2 TYK2 9 Jak激酶和细胞因子信号之间关系的第一次阐明是在筛选I型干扰素 英语 interferon type I IFN 1 信号相关基因时 鉴别出Tyk2是细胞因子受体进行一系列激活必要组件 12 而与早先在小鼠模型分析的基础上鉴定出的Tyk2对IL 12与I型干扰素信号的介导相比 Tyk2在人类基因组中的功能更为广泛和深刻 TYK2缺陷已在人类细胞中比在小鼠细胞的影响更大 在干扰素a和b以及IL 12之外 Tyk2还对IL 23 IL 10以及IL 6信号的转导起重要作用 因此 对于与gp 130受体链相结合的IL 6类细胞因子 包括IL 6 IL 11 IL 27 IL 31 制瘤素 英语 MOncostatin M OSM 睫状神经营养因子 英语 ciliary neurotrophic factor 心肌营养素1 英语 cardiotrophin 1 心肌营养素样细胞因子因子 英语 CLCF1 以及LIF Tyk2都具有信号传导作用 近来由发现了IL 12和IL 23在激活Tyk2的过程中使用了相同的配体与受体亚基 IL 10是一个关键的抗炎性细胞因子 IL 10基因敲除的小鼠会遭受致命的全身性自體免疫性疾病 Tyk2由IL 10激活它的缺乏会影响细胞生成和响应IL 10的能力 13 在一般生理条件下 免疫细胞会受到许多种细胞因子的调节作用 现在已经清楚的是 这些不同的细胞因子信号在通过JAK STAT信号通路时 会发生相互串扰 14 炎症上的機制 编辑目前普遍認為动脉粥样硬化肇因於發炎現象中的分子与细胞变化 15 而血管發炎可能是由血管收縮素II Angiotensin II 的表現增加所致 發炎的血管會在局部分泌白細胞介素6 英语 Interleukin 6 Interleukin 6 IL 6 IL 6是一種細胞激素 會促進血管收縮素II合成及分泌 和透過JAK STAT信號通路促進肝臟的血管新生作用 JAK STAT3途徑會被目標細胞膜上的高親和性蛋白受體白細胞介素6受體 英语 Interleukin 6 receptor Interleukin 6 receptor IL 6R 致活 參與這個連鎖反應的蛋白 包含了醣蛋白130 英语 glycoprotein 130 glycoprotein 130 gp 130 和酪胺酸激酶 JAK1 JAK2和Tyk2 16 在慢性哮喘患者的肺中 細胞因子白細胞介素4 Interleukin 4 IL 4 和白細胞介素13 英语 Interleukin 13 Interleukin 13 IL 13 的濃度會升高 經由IL 4 IL 13複合物的信息途徑被認為是由白細胞介素6受體 英语 interleukin 4 receptor Interleukin 6 receptor IL 4Ra 其中受體包含了JAK 1和Tyk2等激酶 17 從缺乏Tyk2的小鼠 Tyk2 身上 我們可以觀察到Tyk2對於類風溼性關節炎的發生所造成的影響 18 Tyk2 的小鼠對於低劑量的干擾素 a IFN a 缺乏反應性 但在高劑量的 IFN a和IFN b作用下 反應仍然是正常的 14 19 另外 這些小鼠對於IL 6和IL 10的作用反應正常 可見Tyk2對於IL 6和IL 10的傳訊調節上市非必要的 且在IFN a的傳訊上也並不是扮演非常主要的角色 雖然Tyk2 的小鼠表型正常 但他們在發炎反應中仍然有許多不正常的症狀 20 最明顯的是這些小鼠的巨噬細胞不會受到脂多糖 Lipopolysaccharide LPS 的刺激而釋放出一氧化氮 對於這LPS信息傳送的分子機制 進一步的研究發現 Tyk2和IFN b的缺失會阻抗脂多糖誘導內毒素性休克 endotoxin shock 而STAT1缺失的小鼠則比較容易受到感染 21 Tyk2抑制劑的發展可能可以作為治療類風溼性關節炎的藥品 22 臨床上的重要性 编辑TYK2基因的突變與高免疫球蛋白E症候群 英语 Hyper IgE syndrome Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome HIES 一種造成血漿中免疫球蛋白IgE濃度不正常升高的疾病相关 23 24 25 交互作用 编辑酪氨酸激酶2已知能与FYN 26 PTPN6 27 IFNAR1 28 29 Ku80 30 以及GNB2L1 31 发生相互作用 参考文献 编辑 與酪氨酸激酶2相關的疾病 在維基數據上查看 編輯參考 對酪氨酸激酶2起作用的藥物 在維基數據上查看 編輯參考 3 0 3 1 3 2 GRCh38 Ensembl release 89 ENSG00000105397 Ensembl May 2017 4 0 4 1 4 2 GRCm38 Ensembl release 89 ENSMUSG00000032175 Ensembl May 2017 Human PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Mouse PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Krolewski JJ Lee R Eddy R Shows TB Dalla Favera R Identification and chromosomal mapping of new human tyrosine kinase genes Oncogene March 1990 5 3 277 82 PMID 2156206 8 0 8 1 Entrez Gene TYK2 tyrosine kinase 2 原始内容存档于2019 06 14 9 0 9 1 Stark GR Kerr IM Williams BR Silverman RH Schreiber RD How cells respond to interferons Annu Rev Biochem 1998 67 1 227 64 PMID 9759489 doi 10 1146 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Watling D et al Janus kinase dependent activation of insulin receptor substrate 1 in response to interleukin 4 oncostatin M and the interferons J Biol Chem 1997 272 39 24183 90 PMID 9305869 doi 10 1074 jbc 272 39 24183 引文格式1维护 显式使用等标签 link Gauzzi MC Barbieri G Richter MF et al The amino terminal region of Tyk2 sustains the level of interferon alpha receptor 1 a component of the interferon alpha beta receptor Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997 94 22 11839 44 PMC 23625 nbsp PMID 9342324 doi 10 1073 pnas 94 22 11839 引文格式1维护 显式使用等标签 link Suzuki Y Yoshitomo Nakagawa K Maruyama K et al Construction and characterization of a full length enriched and a 5 end enriched cDNA library Gene 1997 200 1 2 149 56 PMID 9373149 doi 10 1016 S0378 1119 97 00411 3 引文格式1维护 显式使用等标签 link Ahmad S Alsayed YM Druker BJ Platanias LC The type I interferon receptor mediates tyrosine phosphorylation of the CrkL adaptor protein J Biol Chem 1997 272 48 29991 4 PMID 9374471 doi 10 1074 jbc 272 48 29991 取自 https zh wikipedia 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