低密度脂蛋白受體
低密度脂蛋白受體(Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Receptor),又稱LDL受體,為一種膜鑲嵌式蛋白質,全長有839個胺基酸(扣掉21胺基酸長的訊息肽)[1]。本受體調控低密度脂蛋白(LDL)的胞吞作用。此種受體專門辨認LDL顆粒上的B100脂蛋白,也可辨認乳糜微粒殘體及中間密度脂蛋白(IDL,極低密度脂蛋白的殘體)上的Apo E。人體LDL受體的基因編碼為LDLR基因[2][3]。屬於低密度脂蛋白受體家族[4]。
低密度脂蛋白受體 | |||||||||||||
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标识 | |||||||||||||
代号 | LDLR; FH; FHC; LDLCQ2 | ||||||||||||
扩展标识 | 遗传学:606945 鼠基因:96765 同源基因:55469 ChEMBL: 3311 GeneCards: LDLR Gene | ||||||||||||
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直系同源体 | |||||||||||||
物种 | 人类 | 小鼠 | |||||||||||
Entrez | 3949 | 16835 | |||||||||||
Ensembl | ENSG00000130164 | ENSMUSG00000032193 | |||||||||||
UniProt | P01130 | P35951 | |||||||||||
mRNA序列 | NM_000527 | NM_001252658 | |||||||||||
蛋白序列 | NP_000518 | NP_001239587 | |||||||||||
基因位置 | Chr 19: 11.2 – 11.24 Mb | Chr 9: 21.72 – 21.75 Mb | |||||||||||
PubMed查询 | [1] | [2] | |||||||||||
Michael S. Brown和Joseph L. Goldstein即因發現LDL受體,以及其與膽固醇代謝的關係[5],而獲得1985年諾貝爾生理醫學獎[6]。
臨床價值 编辑
功能 编辑
LDL-膽固醇會和銜接蛋白(adaptin)結合,並在細胞膜中格形蛋白(clathrin)圍住的孔洞中,與LDL受體結合成「LDL受體複合物」。此時,格形蛋白會將LDL-膽固醇吞噬入細胞內,形成囊泡。
突變 编辑
參考文獻 编辑
- ^ Südhof TC, Goldstein JL, Brown MS, Russell DW. The LDL receptor gene: a mosaic of exons shared with different proteins. Science. May 1985, 228 (4701): 815–22. PMID 2988123. doi:10.1126/science.2988123.
- ^ Francke U, Brown MS, Goldstein JL. Assignment of the human gene for the low density lipoprotein receptor to chromosome 19: synteny of a receptor, a ligand, and a genetic disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. May 1984, 81 (9): 2826–30. PMC 345163 . PMID 6326146. doi:10.1073/pnas.81.9.2826.
- ^ Lindgren V, Luskey KL, Russell DW, Francke U. Human genes involved in cholesterol metabolism: chromosomal mapping of the loci for the low density lipoprotein receptor and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase with cDNA probes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. December 1985, 82 (24): 8567–71. PMC 390958 . PMID 3866240. doi:10.1073/pnas.82.24.8567.
- ^ Nykjaer A, Willnow TE. The low-density lipoprotein receptor gene family: a cellular Swiss army knife?. Trends Cell Biol. June 2002, 12 (6): 273–80 [2015-01-26]. PMID 12074887. doi:10.1016/S0962-8924(02)02282-1. (原始内容于2018-05-01).
- ^ Brown MS, Goldstein JL. How LDL Receptors Influence Cholesterol and Atherosclerosis. Scientific American. 1984, 251 (3): 52–60. PMID 6390676. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0984-52.
- ^ The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1985 (新闻稿). The Royal Swedish Academy of Science. 1985 [2010-07-01]. (原始内容于2011-01-02).
- ^ . LOVD v.1.1.0 - Leiden Open Variation Database. [2015-01-26]. (原始内容存档于2016-01-28).
延伸閱讀 编辑
- Brown MS, Goldstein JL. Receptor-mediated endocytosis: insights from the lipoprotein receptor system.. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1979, 76 (7): 3330–7. PMC 383819 . PMID 226968. doi:10.1073/pnas.76.7.3330.
- Hobbs HH, Brown MS, Goldstein JL. Molecular genetics of the LDL receptor gene in familial hypercholesterolemia.. Hum. Mutat. 1993, 1 (6): 445–66. PMID 1301956. doi:10.1002/humu.1380010602.
- Fogelman AM, Van Lenten BJ, Warden C; et al. Macrophage lipoprotein receptors.. J. Cell Sci. Suppl. 1989, 9: 135–49. PMID 2855802.
- Barrett PH, Watts GF. Shifting the LDL-receptor paradigm in familial hypercholesterolemia: novel insights from recent kinetic studies of apolipoprotein B-100 metabolism.. Atherosclerosis. Supplements. 2002, 2 (3): 1–4. PMID 11923121. doi:10.1016/S1567-5688(01)00012-5.
- May P, Bock HH, Herz J. Integration of endocytosis and signal transduction by lipoprotein receptors.. Sci. STKE. 2003, 2003 (176): PE12. PMID 12671190. doi:10.1126/stke.2003.176.pe12.
- Gent J, Braakman I. Low-density lipoprotein receptor structure and folding.. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2004, 61 (19-20): 2461–70. PMID 15526154. doi:10.1007/s00018-004-4090-3.
外部連結 编辑
- Description of LDL receptor pathway at the Brown - Goldstein Laboratory webpage(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- 醫學主題詞表(MeSH):LDL+Receptor