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维基百科

谷胱甘肽还原酶

一月 29, 2023

谷胱甘肽还原酶[1]（英語：Glutathione reductase，EC 1.8.1.7）是一种将氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）还原成为硫醇型谷胱甘肽的酶，而谷胱甘肽是一种重要的细胞抗氧化剂[2][3]。

谷胱甘肽还原酶
PDB rendering based on 1GRE.
有效结构
PDB 直系同源检索：PDBe, RCSB
标识
代号 GSR; MGC78522
扩展标识 遗传学：138300 鼠基因：95804 同源基因：531 GeneCards: GSR Gene
EC編號 1.8.1.7
RNA表达模式
更多表达数据
直系同源体
物种 人类 小鼠
Entrez 2936 14782
Ensembl ENSG00000104687 ENSMUSG00000031584
UniProt P00390 n/a
mRNA序列 NM_000637.3 NM_010344.4
蛋白序列 NP_000628.2 NP_034474.4
基因位置 Chr 8:
30.54 – 30.59 Mb		 Chr 8:
34.76 – 34.81 Mb
PubMed查询 [2] [3]

对于一摩尔的氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG），需要一摩尔的NADPH将氧化型谷胱甘肽还原为还原型谷胱甘肽。这种酶形成一个FAD结合的同型二聚体。谷胱甘肽还原酶在所有界中都是进化保守的。在细菌、酵母与动物中，编码谷胱甘肽还原酶的基因是同一种；然而，在植物基因组中，有两个被编码的谷胱甘肽还原酶。果蝇与锥体虫甚至都没有编码谷胱甘肽还原酶的基因[4]。在这些生物中，谷胱甘肽还原酶的还原是分别由硫氧还蛋白以及锥虫胱甘肽系统来完成的[4][5]。

以NADPH为氢供体、氧化型谷胱甘肽为氢受体的还原酶，反应生成NADP+和还原型谷胱甘肽。

参考文献

  1. ^ [1][永久失效連結]
  2. ^ Meister A. Glutathione metabolism and its selective modification. J. Biol. Chem. 1988, 263 (33): 17205–8 [2011-09-19]. PMID 3053703. （原始内容于2009-08-17）. 
  3. ^ Mannervik B. The enzymes of glutathione metabolism: an overview. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 1987, 15 (4): 717–8. PMID 3315772. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Kanzok SM, Fechner A, Bauer H, Ulschmid JK, Müller HM, Botella-Munoz J, Schneuwly S, Schirmer R, Becker K. Substitution of the thioredoxin system for glutathione reductase in Drosophila melanogaster. Science. 2001, 291 (5504): 643–6. PMID 11158675. doi:10.1126/science.291.5504.643. 
  5. ^ Krauth-Siegel RL, Comini MA. Redox control in trypanosomatids, parasitic protozoa with trypanothione-based thiol metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008, 1780 (11): 1236–48. PMID 18395526. doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.03.006. 

深入阅读

  • Sinet PM, Bresson JL, Couturier J; et al. [Possible localization of the glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) on the 8p21 band]. Ann. Genet. 1977, 20 (1): 13–7. PMID 302667. 
  • Krohne-Ehrich G, Schirmer RH, Untucht-Grau R. Glutathione reductase from human erythrocytes. Isolation of the enzyme and sequence analysis of the redox-active peptide.. Eur. J. Biochem. 1978, 80 (1): 65–71. PMID 923580. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11856.x. 
  • Loos H, Roos D, Weening R, Houwerzijl J. Familial deficiency of glutathione reductase in human blood cells.. Blood. 1976, 48 (1): 53–62. PMID 947404. 
  • Tutic M, Lu XA, Schirmer RH, Werner D. Cloning and sequencing of mammalian glutathione reductase cDNA.. Eur. J. Biochem. 1990, 188 (3): 523–8. PMID 2185014. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb15431.x. 
  • Palmer EJ, MacManus JP, Mutus B. Inhibition of glutathione reductase by oncomodulin.. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1990, 277 (1): 149–54. PMID 2306116. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(90)90563-E. 
  • Arnold HH, Heinze H. Treatment of human peripheral lymphocytes with concanavalin A activates expression of glutathione reductase.. FEBS Lett. 1990, 267 (2): 189–92. PMID 2379581. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(90)80922-6. 
  • Karplus PA, Schulz GE. Refined structure of glutathione reductase at 1.54 A resolution.. J. Mol. Biol. 1987, 195 (3): 701–29. PMID 3656429. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(87)90191-4. 
  • Pai EF, Schulz GE. The catalytic mechanism of glutathione reductase as derived from x-ray diffraction analyses of reaction intermediates.. J. Biol. Chem. 1983, 258 (3): 1752–7. PMID 6822532. 
  • Krauth-Siegel RL, Blatterspiel R, Saleh M; et al. Glutathione reductase from human erythrocytes. The sequences of the NADPH domain and of the interface domain.. Eur. J. Biochem. 1982, 121 (2): 259–67. PMID 7060551. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb05780.x. 
  • Thieme R, Pai EF, Schirmer RH, Schulz GE. Three-dimensional structure of glutathione reductase at 2 A resolution.. J. Mol. Biol. 1982, 152 (4): 763–82. PMID 7334521. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(81)90126-1. 
  • Huang J, Philbert MA. Distribution of glutathione and glutathione-related enzyme systems in mitochondria and cytosol of cultured cerebellar astrocytes and granule cells.. Brain Res. 1995, 680 (1–2): 16–22. PMID 7663973. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00209-9. 
  • Savvides SN, Karplus PA. Kinetics and crystallographic analysis of human glutathione reductase in complex with a xanthene inhibitor. J. Biol. Chem. 1996, 271 (14): 8101–7. PMID 8626496. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.14.8101. 
  • Nordhoff A, Tziatzios C, van den Broek JA; et al. Denaturation and reactivation of dimeric human glutathione reductase--an assay for folding inhibitors. Eur. J. Biochem. 1997, 245 (2): 273–82. PMID 9151953. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00273.x. 
  • Stoll VS, Simpson SJ, Krauth-Siegel RL; et al. Glutathione reductase turned into trypanothione reductase: structural analysis of an engineered change in substrate specificity. Biochemistry. 1997, 36 (21): 6437–47. PMID 9174360. doi:10.1021/bi963074p. 
  • Becker K, Savvides SN, Keese M; et al. Enzyme inactivation through sulfhydryl oxidation by physiologic NO-carriers. Nat. Struct. Biol. 1998, 5 (4): 267–71. PMID 9546215. doi:10.1038/nsb0498-267. 
  • Kelner MJ, Montoya MA. Structural organization of the human glutathione reductase gene: determination of correct cDNA sequence and identification of a mitochondrial leader sequence. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2000, 269 (2): 366–8. PMID 10708558. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.2267. 
  • Qanungo S, Mukherjea M. Ontogenic profile of some antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in human placental and fetal tissues. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 2001, 215 (1–2): 11–9. PMID 11204445. doi:10.1023/A:1026511420505. 
  • Berry Y, Truscott RJ. The presence of a human UV filter within the lens represents an oxidative stress. Exp. Eye Res. 2001, 72 (4): 411–21. PMID 11273669. doi:10.1006/exer.2000.0970. 
  • Rhie G, Shin MH, Seo JY; et al. Aging- and photoaging-dependent changes of enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidants in the epidermis and dermis of human skin in vivo. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2001, 117 (5): 1212–7. PMID 11710935. doi:10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01469.x. 
  • Zatorska A, Józwiak Z. Involvement of glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes in the protection of normal and trisomic human fibroblasts against daunorubicin. Cell Biol. Int. 2003, 26 (5): 383–91. PMID 12095224. doi:10.1006/cbir.2002.0861. 

一月 29, 2023
谷胱甘肽还原酶, 此條目需要擴充, 2011年9月15日, 请協助改善这篇條目, 更進一步的信息可能會在討論頁或扩充请求中找到, 请在擴充條目後將此模板移除, 英語, glutathione, reductase, 是一种将氧化型谷胱甘肽, gssg, 还原成为硫醇型谷胱甘肽的酶, 而谷胱甘肽是一种重要的细胞抗氧化剂, rendering, based, 1gre, 有效结构pdb, 直系同源检索, pdbe, rcsbpdb查询代码列表1alg, 1bwc, 1dnc, 1gra, 1grb, 1gre, 1gr. 此條目需要擴充 2011年9月15日 请協助改善这篇條目 更進一步的信息可能會在討論頁或扩充请求中找到 请在擴充條目後將此模板移除 谷胱甘肽还原酶 1 英語 Glutathione reductase EC 1 8 1 7 是一种将氧化型谷胱甘肽 GSSG 还原成为硫醇型谷胱甘肽的酶 而谷胱甘肽是一种重要的细胞抗氧化剂 2 3 谷胱甘肽还原酶PDB rendering based on 1GRE 有效结构PDB 直系同源检索 PDBe RCSBPDB查询代码列表1ALG 1BWC 1DNC 1GRA 1GRB 1GRE 1GRF 1GRG 1GRT 1GSN 1K4Q 1XAN 2AAQ 2GH5 2GRT 3DJG 3DJJ 3DK4 3DK8 3DK9 3GRS 3GRT 4GR1 4GRT 5GRT标识代号GSR MGC78522扩展标识遗传学 138300 鼠基因 95804 同源基因 531 GeneCards GSR GeneEC編號1 8 1 7基因本体论描述分子功能 glutathione disulfide reductase activity electron carrier activity oxidoreductase activity protein homodimerization activity glutathione binding flavin adenine dinucleotide binding NADP binding细胞成分 soluble fraction cytoplasm mitochondrion cytosol external side of plasma membrane生物过程 glutathione metabolic process spermatogenesis nucleobase nucleoside and nucleotide interconversion cell redox homeostasis nucleobase nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic processSources Amigo QuickGORNA表达模式更多表达数据直系同源体物种人类小鼠Entrez293614782EnsemblENSG00000104687ENSMUSG00000031584UniProtP00390n amRNA序列NM 000637 3NM 010344 4蛋白序列NP 000628 2NP 034474 4基因位置Chr 8 30 54 30 59 MbChr 8 34 76 34 81 MbPubMed查询 2 3 查论编对于一摩尔的氧化型谷胱甘肽 GSSG 需要一摩尔的NADPH将氧化型谷胱甘肽还原为还原型谷胱甘肽 这种酶形成一个FAD结合的同型二聚体 谷胱甘肽还原酶在所有界中都是进化保守的 在细菌 酵母与动物中 编码谷胱甘肽还原酶的基因是同一种 然而 在植物基因组中 有两个被编码的谷胱甘肽还原酶 果蝇与锥体虫甚至都没有编码谷胱甘肽还原酶的基因 4 在这些生物中 谷胱甘肽还原酶的还原是分别由硫氧还蛋白以及锥虫胱甘肽系统来完成的 4 5 以NADPH为氢供体 氧化型谷胱甘肽为氢受体的还原酶 反应生成NADP 和还原型谷胱甘肽 参考文献 编辑 1 永久失效連結 Meister A Glutathione metabolism and its selective modification J Biol Chem 1988 263 33 17205 8 2011 09 19 PMID 3053703 原始内容存档于2009 08 17 Mannervik B The enzymes of glutathione metabolism an overview Biochem Soc Trans 1987 15 4 717 8 PMID 3315772 4 0 4 1 Kanzok SM Fechner A Bauer H Ulschmid JK Muller HM Botella Munoz J Schneuwly S Schirmer R Becker K Substitution of the thioredoxin system for glutathione reductase in Drosophila melanogaster Science 2001 291 5504 643 6 PMID 11158675 doi 10 1126 science 291 5504 643 Krauth Siegel RL Comini MA Redox control in trypanosomatids parasitic protozoa with trypanothione based thiol metabolism Biochim Biophys Acta 2008 1780 11 1236 48 PMID 18395526 doi 10 1016 j bbagen 2008 03 006 深入阅读 编辑Sinet PM Bresson JL Couturier J et al Possible localization of the glutathione reductase EC 1 6 4 2 on the 8p21 band Ann Genet 1977 20 1 13 7 PMID 302667 引文格式1维护 显式使用等标签 link Krohne Ehrich G Schirmer RH Untucht Grau R Glutathione reductase from human erythrocytes Isolation of the enzyme and sequence analysis of the redox active peptide Eur J Biochem 1978 80 1 65 71 PMID 923580 doi 10 1111 j 1432 1033 1977 tb11856 x Loos H Roos D Weening R Houwerzijl J Familial deficiency of glutathione reductase in human blood cells Blood 1976 48 1 53 62 PMID 947404 Tutic M Lu XA Schirmer RH Werner D Cloning and sequencing of mammalian glutathione reductase cDNA Eur J Biochem 1990 188 3 523 8 PMID 2185014 doi 10 1111 j 1432 1033 1990 tb15431 x Palmer EJ MacManus JP Mutus B Inhibition of glutathione reductase by oncomodulin Arch Biochem Biophys 1990 277 1 149 54 PMID 2306116 doi 10 1016 0003 9861 90 90563 E Arnold HH Heinze H Treatment of human peripheral lymphocytes with concanavalin A activates expression of glutathione reductase FEBS Lett 1990 267 2 189 92 PMID 2379581 doi 10 1016 0014 5793 90 80922 6 Karplus PA Schulz GE Refined structure of glutathione reductase at 1 54 A resolution J Mol Biol 1987 195 3 701 29 PMID 3656429 doi 10 1016 0022 2836 87 90191 4 Pai EF Schulz GE The catalytic mechanism of glutathione reductase as derived from x ray diffraction analyses of reaction intermediates J Biol Chem 1983 258 3 1752 7 PMID 6822532 Krauth Siegel RL Blatterspiel R Saleh M et al Glutathione reductase from human erythrocytes The sequences of the NADPH domain and of the interface domain Eur J Biochem 1982 121 2 259 67 PMID 7060551 doi 10 1111 j 1432 1033 1982 tb05780 x 引文格式1维护 显式使用等标签 link Thieme R Pai EF Schirmer RH Schulz GE Three dimensional structure of glutathione reductase at 2 A resolution J Mol Biol 1982 152 4 763 82 PMID 7334521 doi 10 1016 0022 2836 81 90126 1 Huang J Philbert MA Distribution of glutathione and glutathione related enzyme systems in mitochondria and cytosol of cultured cerebellar astrocytes and granule cells Brain Res 1995 680 1 2 16 22 PMID 7663973 doi 10 1016 0006 8993 95 00209 9 Savvides SN Karplus PA Kinetics and crystallographic analysis of human glutathione reductase in complex with a xanthene inhibitor J Biol Chem 1996 271 14 8101 7 PMID 8626496 doi 10 1074 jbc 271 14 8101 Nordhoff A Tziatzios C van den Broek JA et al Denaturation and reactivation of dimeric human glutathione reductase an assay for folding inhibitors Eur J Biochem 1997 245 2 273 82 PMID 9151953 doi 10 1111 j 1432 1033 1997 00273 x 引文格式1维护 显式使用等标签 link Stoll VS Simpson SJ Krauth Siegel RL et al Glutathione reductase turned into trypanothione reductase structural analysis of an engineered change in substrate specificity Biochemistry 1997 36 21 6437 47 PMID 9174360 doi 10 1021 bi963074p 引文格式1维护 显式使用等标签 link Becker K Savvides SN Keese M et al Enzyme inactivation through sulfhydryl oxidation by physiologic NO carriers Nat Struct Biol 1998 5 4 267 71 PMID 9546215 doi 10 1038 nsb0498 267 引文格式1维护 显式使用等标签 link Kelner MJ Montoya MA Structural organization of the human glutathione reductase gene determination of correct cDNA sequence and identification of a mitochondrial leader sequence Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000 269 2 366 8 PMID 10708558 doi 10 1006 bbrc 2000 2267 Qanungo S Mukherjea M Ontogenic profile of some antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in human placental and fetal tissues Mol Cell Biochem 2001 215 1 2 11 9 PMID 11204445 doi 10 1023 A 1026511420505 Berry Y Truscott RJ The presence of a human UV filter within the lens represents an oxidative stress Exp Eye Res 2001 72 4 411 21 PMID 11273669 doi 10 1006 exer 2000 0970 Rhie G Shin MH Seo JY et al Aging and photoaging dependent changes of enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidants in the epidermis and dermis of human skin in vivo J Invest Dermatol 2001 117 5 1212 7 PMID 11710935 doi 10 1046 j 0022 202x 2001 01469 x 引文格式1维护 显式使用等标签 link Zatorska A Jozwiak Z Involvement of glutathione and glutathione related enzymes in the protection of normal and trisomic human fibroblasts against daunorubicin Cell Biol Int 2003 26 5 383 91 PMID 12095224 doi 10 1006 cbir 2002 0861 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 谷胱甘肽还原酶 amp oldid 74508300, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，

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