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维基百科

雷明頓鯨科

雷明頓鯨科學名Remingtonocetidae)為鯨下目下一群多樣化的水生哺乳動物[1]

雷明頓鯨科
化石时期:早 - 中始新世
49–43 Ma
庫奇鯨Kutchicetus
雷明頓鯨Remingtonocetus
科学分类
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 哺乳纲 Mammalia
目: 偶蹄目 Artiodactyla
下目: 鲸下目 Cetacea
小目: 古鲸小目 Archaeoceti*
科: 雷明頓鯨科 Remingtonocetidae
Kumar & Sahni 1986
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描述

雷明頓鯨科物種具有長而狹窄的顱骨、位於前端的鼻孔、狹小的額板英语frontal shield、較小的眼窩、具有凸起的以及未完全癒合的下頜骨逢英语mandibular symphysis。牠們的齒式為3.1.4.33.1.4.3。前端的牙齒外型與鯊魚齒類似[2]

顱後英语postcranial骨架部分頸椎較長、骶骨由4塊椎骨組成,且其中至少3塊已經完全癒合。髀臼切痕英语acetabular notch狹小或閉合,股骨頭英语femur head上不具有股骨頭凹[2]

 
庫奇鯨Kutchicetus minimus)化石

顱骨化石十分常見但通常無法保留齒式。顱後的骨架則多半基於庫奇鯨的唯一樣本,體型小但具有粗壯的背部及尾部。雷明頓鯨科的物種游泳形式可能與現存的巨獺一樣透過長而扁平的尾巴推進[3]

雷明頓鯨科具有較長的身體與吻突、較短的四肢,外型特徵比起走鯨與現存的鱷魚更為相似。牠們能於陸地上行走也能於水中游泳,可能棲息於沿岸地帶。其中至少有一個屬(大連特鯨)是以水生動物為食[1]

雷明頓鯨科的化石附近通常都能發現海生鯰魚、鱷魚、原鯨科英语Protocetidae鯨魚以及海牛,這代表牠們的棲息環境多半位於鹹水水域,而非淡水[3]

棲息與分布地

雷明頓鯨科的物種最早被認為是始新世時期特提斯洋沿岸(現今的巴基斯坦印度)的特有種。不過於埃及發現的Rayanistes英语Rayanistes代表雷明頓鯨科有比之前所知還要更為廣泛的分布區域[1]。雷明頓鯨科的名稱來自於雷明頓鯨屬,用以紀念古生物學家雷明頓·凱洛格英语Remington Kellogg[1][4]

分類學

雷明頓鯨科最早由Kumar & Sahni 1986發表,並被Uhen 2010認為是單系群Benton 1993將其分類至齒鯨小目下;Mitchell 1989Rice 1998將其分類至雷明頓鯨亞科(Remingtonocetoidea)下;由Bianucci & Landini 2007Kumar & Sahni 1986Fordyce & Barnes 1994Fordyce, Barnes & Miyazaki 1995McKenna & Bell 1997Fordyce & Muizon 2001Gingerich et al. 2001Fordyce 2003Geisler & Sanders 2003McLeod & Barnes 2008分類至古鯨小目下;由Thewissen, Williams & Hussain 2001Uhen 2010Thewissen & Bajpai 2009.分類至鯨下目[5]

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Uhen 2010,第203頁
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Gingerich et al. 2001,第285–7頁
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Thewissen & Williams 2002,第80頁
  4. ^ Ryan M. Bebej, Iyad S. Zalmout, Ahmed A. Abed El-Aziz, Mohammed Sameh M. Antar and Philip D. Gingerich (2016). "First remingtonocetid archaeocete (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the middle Eocene of Egypt with implications for biogeography and locomotion in early cetacean evolution". Journal of Paleontology. in press. doi:10.1017/jpa.2015.57.
  5. ^ Remingtonocetidae in the Paleobiology Database英语Paleobiology Database. Retrieved February 2013
  • Benton, Micheal J. The Fossil Record 2. Springer. 1993. ISBN 9780412393808. 
  • Bianucci, Giovanni; Landini, Walter. Fossil History. Miller, Debra L. (编). Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Cetacea. Science Publishers. 2007: 35–93. ISBN 978-1-4398-4257-7. OCLC 646769361. doi:10.1201/b11001-3.  |journal=被忽略 (帮助)
  • Fordyce, R. Ewan. Cetacean evolution and Eocene-Oligocene oceans revisited. From Greenhouse to Icehouse: The Marine Eocene-Oligocene Transition. New York: Columbia University Press. 2003: 154–170. ISBN 9780231127165. OCLC 50116197. 
  • Fordyce, R. Ewan; Barnes, Lawrence G. The evolutionary history of whales and dolphins. Wetherill, George W; Albee, Arden L; Burke, K (编). Annual Review of Earth Planetary Sciences 22. 1994: 419–55. ISBN 9780824320225. OCLC 30676887. 
  • Fordyce, R. Ewan; Barnes, Lawrence G.; Miyazaki, N. General aspects of the evolutionary history of whales and dolphins. The Island Arc. 1995, 3 (4): 373–391. OCLC 4643465301. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1738.1994.tb00121.x. 
  • Fordyce, R. Ewan; Muizon, Christian, de. Evolutionary history of whales: a review. Mazin, Jean-Michel; Buffrenil, Vivian, de (编). Secondary adaptation of tetrapods to life in water. Proceedings of the international meeting, Poitiers, 1996. München: Verlag Dr Friedriech Pfeil. 2001: 169–234. ISBN 9783931516888. OCLC 52121251. 
  • Geisler, Jonathan H.; Sanders, Albert E. Morphological Evidence for the Phylogeny of Cetacea. Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 2003, 10 (1/2): 23–129. OCLC 361831220. doi:10.1023/a:1025552007291. 
  • Gingerich, Philip D.; Arif, Muhammad; Clyde, William C. New Archaeocetes (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the middle Eocene Domanda Formation of the Sulaiman Range, Punjab (Pakistan). Contributions from Museum of Paleontology, the University of Michigan. 1995, 29 (11): 291–330. OCLC 34123868. hdl:2027.42/48650. 
  • Gingerich, Philip D.; Ul-Haq, Munir; Khan, Intizar Hussain; Zalmout, Iyad S. Eocene stratrigraphy and archaeocete whales (Mammalia, Cetacea) of Drug Lahar in the eastern Sulaiman range, Balochistan (Pakistan). Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan. 2001, 30 (11): 269–319. hdl:2027.42/48661. 
  • Kumar, K.; Sahni, A. Remingtonocetus harudiensis, new combination, a middle Eocene archaeocete (Mammalia, Cetacea) from western Kutch, India. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 1986, 6 (4): 326–349. OCLC 4649653943. doi:10.1080/02724634.1986.10011629. 
  • McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. Classification of mammals above the species level. New York: Columbia University Press. 1997. ISBN 978-0-231-11013-6. OCLC 37345734. 
  • McLeod, S. A.; Barnes, L. G. A new genus and species of Eocene protocetid archaeocete whale (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Atlantic Coastal plain (PDF). Wang, Xiaoming; Barnes, Lawrence G. (编). Geology and Vertebrate Paleontology of Western and Southern North America 41. 2008: 73–98 [February 2013].  |journal=被忽略 (帮助)
  • Mitchell, Edward D. A new cetacean from the late Eocene La Meseta Formation, Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 1989, 46 (12): 2219–35. OCLC 41657907. doi:10.1139/f89-273. 
  • Rice, Dale W. Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution. Special publication (Society for Marine Mammalogy), 4. The Society for Marine Mammalogy Special Publication. 1998: 1–231. ISBN 9781891276033. OCLC 40622084. 
  • Sahni, Ashok; Mishra, Vijay Prakash. Lower Tertiary vertebrates from western India. Monograph of the PaleontologicalSociety of India. 1975, 3: 1–48. ASIN B0007AL8UE. OCLC 3566369. 
  • Thewissen, J.G.M.; Bajpai, Sunil. New Skeletal Material of Andrewsiphius and Kutchicetus, Two Eocene Cetaceans from India. Journal of Paleontology. 2009, 83 (5): 635–663. OCLC 4631929027. doi:10.1666/08-045.1. 
  • Thewissen, J.G.M.; Hussain, S.T. Attockicetus praecursor, a new remingtonocetid cetacean from marine Eocene sediments of Pakistan. Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 2000, 7 (3): 133–46. OCLC 362777268. doi:10.1023/A:1009458618729. 
  • Thewissen, J.G.M.; Williams, E.M. The Early Radiations of Cetacea (Mammalia): Evolutionary Pattern and Developmental Correlations (PDF). Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 2002, 33: 73–90 [February 2013]. OCLC 4656321698. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.33.020602.095426. [永久失效連結][永久失效連結][永久失效連結][永久失效連結][永久失效連結]
  • Thewissen, J.G.M.; Williams, E.M.; Hussain, S.T. Eocene mammal faunas from northern Indo-Pakistan. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2001, 21 (2): 347–366. OCLC 631973716. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0347:EMFFNI]2.0.CO;2. 
  • Uhen, Mark D. The Origin(s) of Whales. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 2010, 38: 189–219. Bibcode:2010AREPS..38..189U. doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-040809-152453. 

雷明頓鯨科, 學名, remingtonocetidae, 為鯨下目下一群多樣化的水生哺乳動物, 化石时期, 中始新世49, preЄ, n庫奇鯨, kutchicetus, 雷明頓鯨, remingtonocetus, 科学分类界, 动物界, animalia门, 脊索动物门, chordata纲, 哺乳纲, mammalia目, 偶蹄目, artiodactyla下目, 鲸下目, cetacea小目, 古鲸小目, archaeoceti, remingtonocetidae, kumar, sahni, 198. 雷明頓鯨科 學名 Remingtonocetidae 為鯨下目下一群多樣化的水生哺乳動物 1 雷明頓鯨科 化石时期 早 中始新世49 43 Ma PreYe Ye O S D C P T J K Pg N庫奇鯨 Kutchicetus 雷明頓鯨 Remingtonocetus 科学分类界 动物界 Animalia门 脊索动物门 Chordata纲 哺乳纲 Mammalia目 偶蹄目 Artiodactyla下目 鲸下目 Cetacea小目 古鲸小目 Archaeoceti 科 雷明頓鯨科 Remingtonocetidae Kumar amp Sahni 1986屬見內文 目录 1 描述 2 棲息與分布地 3 分類學 4 屬 5 參考文獻描述 编辑雷明頓鯨科物種具有長而狹窄的顱骨 位於前端的鼻孔 狹小的額板 英语 frontal shield 較小的眼窩 具有凸起的齶以及未完全癒合的下頜骨逢 英语 mandibular symphysis 牠們的齒式為3 1 4 3 3 1 4 3 前端的牙齒外型與鯊魚齒類似 2 顱後 英语 postcranial 骨架部分頸椎較長 骶骨由4塊椎骨組成 且其中至少3塊已經完全癒合 髀臼切痕 英语 acetabular notch 狹小或閉合 股骨頭 英语 femur head 上不具有股骨頭凹 2 庫奇鯨 Kutchicetus minimus 化石 顱骨化石十分常見但通常無法保留齒式 顱後的骨架則多半基於庫奇鯨的唯一樣本 體型小但具有粗壯的背部及尾部 雷明頓鯨科的物種游泳形式可能與現存的巨獺一樣透過長而扁平的尾巴推進 3 雷明頓鯨科具有較長的身體與吻突 較短的四肢 外型特徵比起走鯨與現存的鱷魚更為相似 牠們能於陸地上行走也能於水中游泳 可能棲息於沿岸地帶 其中至少有一個屬 大連特鯨 是以水生動物為食 1 雷明頓鯨科的化石附近通常都能發現海生鯰魚 鱷魚 原鯨科 英语 Protocetidae 鯨魚以及海牛 這代表牠們的棲息環境多半位於鹹水水域 而非淡水 3 棲息與分布地 编辑雷明頓鯨科的物種最早被認為是始新世時期特提斯洋沿岸 現今的巴基斯坦及印度 的特有種 不過於埃及發現的Rayanistes 英语 Rayanistes 代表雷明頓鯨科有比之前所知還要更為廣泛的分布區域 1 雷明頓鯨科的名稱來自於雷明頓鯨屬 用以紀念古生物學家雷明頓 凱洛格 英语 Remington Kellogg 1 4 分類學 编辑雷明頓鯨科最早由Kumar amp Sahni 1986發表 並被Uhen 2010認為是單系群 Benton 1993將其分類至齒鯨小目下 Mitchell 1989與Rice 1998將其分類至雷明頓鯨亞科 Remingtonocetoidea 下 由Bianucci amp Landini 2007 Kumar amp Sahni 1986 Fordyce amp Barnes 1994 Fordyce Barnes amp Miyazaki 1995 McKenna amp Bell 1997 Fordyce amp Muizon 2001 Gingerich et al 2001 Fordyce 2003 Geisler amp Sanders 2003與McLeod amp Barnes 2008分類至古鯨小目下 由Thewissen Williams amp Hussain 2001 Uhen 2010與Thewissen amp Bajpai 2009 分類至鯨下目下 5 屬 编辑雷明頓鯨 Remingtonocetus 模式種 Kumar amp Sahni 1986 安德魯斯鯨 英语 Andrewsiphius Andrewsiphius Sahni amp Mishra 1975 阿托克鯨 英语 Attockicetus Attockicetus Kumar amp Sahni 1986 為最古老的屬 3 大連特鯨 Dalanistes Gingerich Arif amp Clyde 1995 庫奇鯨 Kutchicetus Thewissen amp Hussain 2000 Rayanistes 英语 Rayanistes Bebej Zalmout El Aziz Antar and Gingerich 2016參考文獻 编辑 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 Uhen 2010 第203頁 2 0 2 1 Gingerich et al 2001 第285 7頁 3 0 3 1 3 2 Thewissen amp Williams 2002 第80頁 Ryan M Bebej Iyad S Zalmout Ahmed A Abed El Aziz Mohammed Sameh M Antar and Philip D Gingerich 2016 First remingtonocetid archaeocete Mammalia Cetacea from the middle Eocene of Egypt with implications for biogeography and locomotion in early cetacean evolution Journal of Paleontology in press doi 10 1017 jpa 2015 57 Remingtonocetidae in the Paleobiology Database 英语 Paleobiology Database Retrieved February 2013 Benton Micheal J The Fossil Record 2 Springer 1993 ISBN 9780412393808 Bianucci Giovanni Landini Walter Fossil History Miller Debra L 编 Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Cetacea Science Publishers 2007 35 93 ISBN 978 1 4398 4257 7 OCLC 646769361 doi 10 1201 b11001 3 journal 被忽略 帮助 Fordyce R Ewan Cetacean evolution and Eocene Oligocene oceans revisited From Greenhouse to Icehouse The Marine Eocene Oligocene Transition New York Columbia University Press 2003 154 170 ISBN 9780231127165 OCLC 50116197 Fordyce R Ewan Barnes Lawrence G The evolutionary history of whales and dolphins Wetherill George W Albee Arden L Burke K 编 Annual Review of Earth Planetary Sciences 22 1994 419 55 ISBN 9780824320225 OCLC 30676887 Fordyce R Ewan Barnes Lawrence G Miyazaki N General aspects of the evolutionary history of whales and dolphins The Island Arc 1995 3 4 373 391 OCLC 4643465301 doi 10 1111 j 1440 1738 1994 tb00121 x Fordyce R Ewan Muizon Christian de Evolutionary history of whales a review Mazin Jean Michel Buffrenil Vivian de 编 Secondary adaptation of tetrapods to life in water Proceedings of the international meeting Poitiers 1996 Munchen Verlag Dr Friedriech Pfeil 2001 169 234 ISBN 9783931516888 OCLC 52121251 Geisler Jonathan H Sanders Albert E Morphological Evidence for the Phylogeny of Cetacea Journal of Mammalian Evolution 2003 10 1 2 23 129 OCLC 361831220 doi 10 1023 a 1025552007291 Gingerich Philip D Arif Muhammad Clyde William C New Archaeocetes Mammalia Cetacea from the middle Eocene Domanda Formation of the Sulaiman Range Punjab Pakistan Contributions from Museum of Paleontology the University of Michigan 1995 29 11 291 330 OCLC 34123868 hdl 2027 42 48650 Gingerich Philip D Ul Haq Munir Khan Intizar Hussain Zalmout Iyad S Eocene stratrigraphy and archaeocete whales Mammalia Cetacea of Drug Lahar in the eastern Sulaiman range Balochistan Pakistan Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology University of Michigan 2001 30 11 269 319 hdl 2027 42 48661 Kumar K Sahni A Remingtonocetus harudiensis new combination a middle Eocene archaeocete Mammalia Cetacea from western Kutch India Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1986 6 4 326 349 OCLC 4649653943 doi 10 1080 02724634 1986 10011629 McKenna Malcolm C Bell Susan K Classification of mammals above the species level New York Columbia University Press 1997 ISBN 978 0 231 11013 6 OCLC 37345734 McLeod S A Barnes L G A new genus and species of Eocene protocetid archaeocete whale Mammalia Cetacea from the Atlantic Coastal plain PDF Wang Xiaoming Barnes Lawrence G 编 Geology and Vertebrate Paleontology of Western and Southern North America 41 2008 73 98 February 2013 journal 被忽略 帮助 Mitchell Edward D A new cetacean from the late Eocene La Meseta Formation Seymour Island Antarctic Peninsula Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1989 46 12 2219 35 OCLC 41657907 doi 10 1139 f89 273 Rice Dale W Marine Mammals of the World Systematics and Distribution Special publication Society for Marine Mammalogy 4 The Society for Marine Mammalogy Special Publication 1998 1 231 ISBN 9781891276033 OCLC 40622084 Sahni Ashok Mishra Vijay Prakash Lower Tertiary vertebrates from western India Monograph of the PaleontologicalSociety of India 1975 3 1 48 ASIN B0007AL8UE OCLC 3566369 Thewissen J G M Bajpai Sunil New Skeletal Material of Andrewsiphius and Kutchicetus Two Eocene Cetaceans from India Journal of Paleontology 2009 83 5 635 663 OCLC 4631929027 doi 10 1666 08 045 1 Thewissen J G M Hussain S T Attockicetus praecursor a new remingtonocetid cetacean from marine Eocene sediments of Pakistan Journal of Mammalian Evolution 2000 7 3 133 46 OCLC 362777268 doi 10 1023 A 1009458618729 Thewissen J G M Williams E M The Early Radiations of Cetacea Mammalia Evolutionary Pattern and Developmental Correlations PDF Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 2002 33 73 90 February 2013 OCLC 4656321698 doi 10 1146 annurev ecolsys 33 020602 095426 永久失效連結 永久失效連結 永久失效連結 永久失效連結 永久失效連結 Thewissen J G M Williams E M Hussain S T Eocene mammal faunas from northern Indo Pakistan Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2001 21 2 347 366 OCLC 631973716 doi 10 1671 0272 4634 2001 021 0347 EMFFNI 2 0 CO 2 Uhen Mark D The Origin s of Whales Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 2010 38 189 219 Bibcode 2010AREPS 38 189U doi 10 1146 annurev earth 040809 152453 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php 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