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外部連結编辑
^Giovanni Bianucci and Philip D. Gingerich. 2011. Aegyptocetus tarfa, n. gen. et sp. (Mammalia, Cetacea), from the Middle Eocene of Egypt: Clinorhynchy, Olfaction, and Hearing in a Protocetid Whale. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31(6); 1173–1188. DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2011.607985
十二月 26, 2023
古鯨, 小目, 學名, archaeoceti, 也作原鲸小目, 即古代鯨魚, 包括現代鯨魚的祖先, 小目是鯨下目三個小目之一, 传统上用以概括史前鲸豚类, 但不包括其存活至现代的后代, 因此, 这是一个并系群分类, 不是自然的演化支, 擁有後肢, 不像今日的鯨類, 最早的可能完全在陸地上活動, 其滅絕原因至今眾說紛紜, 其中一種解釋是由於氣候變化, 海洋變得過份寒冷, 造成類滅絕, 小目化石时期, 始新世至中新世, preЄ, n巴基鯨, 與走鯨, 的骨骼模擬科学分类界, 动物界, animalia门, 脊索动物. 古鯨小目 學名 Archaeoceti 也作原鲸小目 即古代鯨魚 包括現代鯨魚的祖先 古鯨小目是鯨下目三個小目之一 传统上用以概括史前鲸豚类 但不包括其存活至现代的后代 因此 这是一个并系群分类 不是自然的演化支 古鯨擁有後肢 不像今日的鯨類 最早的古鯨可能完全在陸地上活動 其滅絕原因至今眾說紛紜 其中一種解釋是由於氣候變化 海洋變得過份寒冷 造成古鯨類滅絕 古鯨小目化石时期 始新世至中新世 PreYe Ye O S D C P T J K Pg N巴基鯨 上 與走鯨 下 的骨骼模擬科学分类界 动物界 Animalia门 脊索动物门 Chordata纲 哺乳纲 Mammalia目 偶蹄目 Artiodactyla下目 鲸下目 Cetacea并系群 古鯨類 Archaeoceti Flower 英语 William Henry Flower 1833传统分类中包含的子类群 巴基鲸科 Pakicetidae 步鲸科 Ambulocetidae 雷明頓鯨科 Remingtonocetidae 原鲸科 Protocetidae 龙王鲸科 Basilosauridae 矛齿鲸科 Dorudontidae在传统分类中不包含 但在演化上是其演化支须鲸小目 Mysticeti 齿鲸小目 Odontoceti辛西婭鯨 左 與走鯨 右 的骨骼東京國立科學博物館展示的庫奇鯨骨骼華聖頓史密森尼博物館展示的軛根鯨骨骼撒格哈鯨的骨骼 目录 1 分类 1 1 种系发生学 1 1 1 地質時期 2 參考文献 3 外部連結分类 编辑古鯨小目 Archaeoceti Flower 1833 巴基鲸科 Pakicetidae Gingerich e Russell 1990 巴基鲸 Pakicetus Gingerich e Russell 1981 娜拉鲸 Nalacetus Thewissen e Hussain 1998 鱼中兽 Ichthyolestes Dehm e Oettingen Spilberg 1958 步鲸科 Ambulocetidae Thewissen Madar e Hussain 1996 走鲸 Ambulocetus Thewissen Hussain e Arif 1994 甘达克鲸 Gandakasia Dehm e Oettingen Spilberg 1958 喜马拉雅鲸 Himalayacetus Bajpai e Gingerich 1998 雷明頓鯨科 Remingtonocetidae Kumar e Sahni 1986 安德鲁斯鲸 Andrewsiphius Sahni e Mishra 1975 雷明顿鲸 Remingtonocetus Kumar e Sahni 1986 大连特鲸 Dalanistes Gingerich Arif e Clyde 1995 阿托克鲸 Attockicetus Thewissen e Hussain 2000 库奇鲸 Kutchicetus Bajpai e Thewissen 2000 Rayanistes Bebej Zalmout El Aziz Antar and Gingerich 2016 原鲸科 Protocetidae Stromer 1908 埃及鲸属 Aegyptocetus Bianucci amp Gingerich 2011 埃及鲸 Aegyptocetus tarfa Bianucci amp Gingerich 2011 1 Tupelocetus 原鲸亚科 Protocetinae Gingerich et al 2005 熊神鲸 Artiocetus Gingerich ul Haq Zalmout Khan amp Malkani 2001 圆齿鲸 Crenatocetus McLeod amp Barnes 2008 Dhedacetus Bajpai and Thewissen 2014 加氏鲸 Gaviacetus Gingerich Arif e Clye 1995 印支鲸 Indocetus Sahni e Mishra 1975 Kharodacetus Bajpai and Thewissen 2014 慈母鲸 Maiacetus Gingerich et al 2009 原鲸 Protocetus Fraas 1904 乔丹斯鲸 Qaisracetus Gingerich Ul Haq Khan e Zalmout 2001 罗德侯鲸 Rodhocetus Gingerich Raza Arif Anwar e Zhou 1994 泰卡鲸 Takracetus Gingerich Arif e Clyde 1995 多哥鲸 Togocetus Gingerich amp Cappetta 2014 Peregocetus Lambert et al 2019 麦卡鲸亚科 Makaracetinae P D Gingerich et al 2005 麦卡鲸 Makaracetus P D Gingerich et al 2005 乔治亚鲸亚科 Georgiacetinae Gingerich et al 2005 巴比亚鲸 Babiacetus Trivedy e Satsangi 1984 卡罗莱鲸 CarolinacetusGeisler et al 2005 始原鲸 Eocetus Fraas 1904 乔治亚鲸 Georgiacetus Hulbert Petkewich Bishop Bukry e Aleshire 1998 那支特鲸 Natchitochia Uhen 1998 帕坡氏鲸 Pappocetus Andrews 1920 Pontobasileus Leidy 1873 龙王鲸科 Basilosauridae Cope 1868 龙王鲸亚科 Basilosaurinae Cope 1868 帝王鲸 Basilotritus Goldin amp Zvonok 2013 龙王鲸 Basilosaurus Harlan 1834 王鲸 Basiloterus Gingerich Arif Bhatti Anwar e Sanders 1997 Eocetus Fraas 1904 Platyosphys Kellogg 1936 矛齿鲸科 Dorudontidae Miller 1923 矛齿鲸亚科 Dorudontinae Miller 1923 弯臂鲸 Ancalecetus Gingerich e Uhen 1996 金原鲸 Chrysocetus Uhen e Gingerich 2001 辛西娅鲸 Cynthiacetus Uhen 2005 矛齿鲸 Dorudon Gibbes 1845 奥库卡赫鲸 Ocucajea Uhen et al 2011 海乡鲸 Pontogeneus Leidy 1852 施特罗默鲸 Stromerius Gingerich 2007 撒格哈鯨屬 英语 Saghacetus Saghacetus Gingerich 1992 死神鲸 Supayacetus Uhen et al 2011 轭根鲸 Zygorhiza True 1904种系发生学 编辑 鲸形类 劳氏兽科 Raoellidae nbsp 鲸下目 巴基鲸科 Pakicetidae nbsp 步鲸科 Ambulocetidae nbsp 雷明顿鲸科 Remingtonocetidae nbsp 原鲸科 Protocetidae nbsp 龙王鲸科 Basilosauridae nbsp 矛齿鲸科 Dorudontidae nbsp 齿鲸小目 Odontoceti nbsp 须鲸小目 Mysticeti nbsp CetaceaCetaceomorpha 古鲸小目 Archaeoceti 地質時期 编辑 nbsp 各类古鲸的化石所在地质时期參考文献 编辑Andrews C W A description of new species of zeuglodont and of leathery turtle from the Eocene of Southern Nigeria PDF Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1919 1920 18 309 19 April 2013 OCLC 228169273 原始内容 PDF 存档于2015 01 04 Bajpai Sunil Gingerich Philip D A new Eocene archaeocete Mammalia Cetacea from India and the time of origin of whales PNAS December 1998 95 26 15464 68 OCLC 678707438 doi 10 1073 pnas 95 26 15464 Bajpai S Thewissen JG Sahni A The origin and early evolution of whales macroevolution documented on the Indian subcontinent PDF J Biosci November 2009 34 5 673 86 February 2013 OCLC 565869881 PMID 20009264 doi 10 1007 s12038 009 0060 0 Dehm Richard Oettingen Spielberg Therese zu Palaontologische und geologische Untersuchungen im Tertiar von Pakistan 2 Die mitteleocanen Saugetiere von Ganda Kas bei Basal in Nordwest Pakistan Abhandlungen Neue Folge 91 Munich Beck 1958 OCLC 163296508 Flower William Henry On the Arrangement of the Orders and Families of existing Mammalia PDF Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883 178 86 OCLC 83091701 Fordyce Ewan Cetacean Evolution Perrin William R Wiirsig Bernd Thewissen J G M 编 Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals Academic Press 2002 214 25 ISBN 0 12 551340 2 Fraas E Neue Zeuglodonten aus dem unteren Mitteleozan von Mokattam bei Cairo 6 3 Jena Verlag Gustav Fischer 199 220 1904 Geisler Jonathan H Sanders Albert E Luo Zhe Xi A new protocetid whale Cetacea Archaeoceti from the late middle Eocene of South Carolina American Museum Novitates July 2005 3480 1 68 OCLC 4630500767 doi 10 1206 0003 0082 2005 480 0001 ANPWCA 2 0 CO 2 Gingerich Philip D Haq U Khan H Zalmout S Eocene stratigraphy and archaeocete whales Mammalia Cetacea of Drug Lahar in the eastern Sulaiman range Balochistan Pakistan Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology University of Michigan 2001 30 11 269 319 OCLC 50061585 Gingerich Philip D Haq U Zalmout S Khan H Malkani S Origin of whales from early artiodactyls hands and feet of Eocene Protocetidae from Pakistan Science September 2001 293 5538 2239 2242 Bibcode 2001Sci 293 2239G ISSN 0036 8075 PMID 11567134 doi 10 1126 science 1063902 引文使用过时参数coauthors 帮助 Gingerich Philip D Arif M Bhatti M Akram Anwar M Sanders William J Basilosaurus drazindai and Basiloterus hussaini New Archaeoceti Mammalia Cetacea from the Middle Eocene Drazinda Formation with a Revised Interpretation of Ages of Whale Bearing Strata in the Kirthar Group of the Sulaiman Range Punjab Pakistan Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology University of Michigan 1997 30 2 55 81 OCLC 742731913 引文使用过时参数coauthors 帮助 Gingerich Philip D Stromerius nidensis new archaeocete Mammalia Cetacea from the Upper Eocene Qasr El Sagha Formation Fayum Egypt PDF Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology 2007 31 13 363 78 OCLC 214233870 Gingerich Philip D Arif Muhammad Clyde William C New Archaeocetes Mammalia Cetacea from the middle Eocene Domanda Formation of the Sulaiman Range Punjab Pakistan Contributions from Museum of Paleontology The University of Michigan 1995 29 11 291 330 February 2013 OCLC 34123868 Gingerich Philip D Raza S M Arif M Anwar M Zhou X New whale from the Eocene of Pakistan and the origin of cetacean swimming Nature 1994 368 844 47 April 2013 OCLC 742745707 doi 10 1038 368844a0 引文使用过时参数coauthors 帮助 Gingerich Philip D Russell Donald E Pakicetus inachus A New Archaeocete Mammalia Cetacea from the Early Middle Eocene Kuldana Formation of Kohat Pakistan PDF Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology The Museum of Michigan 1981 25 11 February 2013 OCLC 742729300 Gingerich Philip D ul Haq Munir von Koenigswald Wighart Sanders William J Smith B Holly Zalmout Iyad S New Protocetid Whale from the Middle Eocene of Pakistan Birth on Land Precocial Development and Sexual Dimorphism PLoS ONE 2009 4 2 e4366 OCLC 678622523 PMC 2629576 nbsp doi 10 1371 journal pone 0004366 引文使用过时参数coauthors 帮助 Gingerich Philip D Zalmout Iyad S Ul Haq Munir Bhatti M Akram Makaracetus bidens a new protocetid archaeocete Mammalia Cetacea from the early middle Eocene of Balochistan Pakistan PDF Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology 2005 31 9 197 210 March 2013 OCLC 742723177 Hulbert Jr Richard C Petkewich Richard M Bishop Gale A Bukry David Aleshire David P A New Middle Eocene Protocetid Whale Mammalia Cetacea Archaeoceti and Associated Biota from Georgia Journal of Paleontology September 1998 72 5 907 927 JSTOR 1306667 OCLC 4908698029 引文使用过时参数coauthors 帮助 Kumar K Sahni A Remingtonocetus harudiensis new combination a middle Eocene archaeocete Mammalia Cetacea from western Kutch India Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1986 6 4 326 349 OCLC 4649653943 doi 10 1080 02724634 1986 10011629 McLeod S A Barnes L G A new genus and species of Eocene protocetid archaeocete whale Mammalia Cetacea from the Atlantic Coastal plain Wang Xiaoming Barnes Lawrence G 编 Geology and Vertebrate Paleontology of Western and Southern North America PDF 41 2008 73 98 February 2013 journal 被忽略 帮助 Rose Kenneth David The Beginning of the Age of Mammals JHU Press 2006 ISBN 978 0 8018 8472 6 Sahni Ashok Mishra Vijay Prakash Lower Tertiary vertebrates from western India Monograph of the PaleontologicalSociety of India 1975 3 1 48 ASIN B0007AL8UE OCLC 3566369 Thewissen JGM Archaeocetes Archaic Perrin William R Wiirsig Bernd Thewissen J G M 编 Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals Academic Press 2002 36 9 ISBN 0 12 551340 2 Thewissen J G M Hussain S T Attockicetus praecursor a new remingtonocetid cetacean from marine Eocene sediments of Pakistan Journal of Mammalian Evolution 2000 7 3 133 46 OCLC 362777268 doi 10 1023 A 1009458618729 Thewissen J G M Hussain S T Systematic review of the Pakicetidae Early and middle Eocene Cetacea Mammalia from Pakistan and India Bulletin of the Carnegie Museum 1998 34 220 38 Thewissen J G M Madar S I Hussain S T Ambulocetus natans an Eocene cetacean Mammalia from Pakistan Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 191 1996 1 86 ISBN 9783929907322 OCLC 36463214 Thewissen J G M Williams E M Roe L J Hussain S T Skeletons of terrestrial cetaceans and the relationship of whales to artiodactyls PDF Nature 2001 413 277 81 February 2013 OCLC 118116179 doi 10 1038 35095005 Trivedy A N Satsangi P P A new archaeocete whale from the Eocene of India Abstracts of 27th International Geological Congress Moscow 1984 1 322 23 True F W The fossil cetacean Dorudon serratus GIBBES Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 1908 52 4 5 78 OCLC 355813868 OL 19219818M Uhen Mark D New protocetid Mammalia Cetacea from the late middle Eocene Cook Mountain Formation of Louisiana Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1998 18 3 664 8 OCLC 204612030 Uhen Mark D Gingerich Philip D New genus of dorudontine archaeocete Cetacea from the middle to late Eocene of South Carolina Marine Mammal Science January 2001 17 1 1 34 OCLC 204061291 doi 10 1111 j 1748 7692 2001 tb00979 x West Robert M Middle Eocene large mammal assemblage with Tethyan affinities Ganda Kas region Pakistan Journal of Paleontology 1980 54 3 508 533 JSTOR 1304193 OCLC 4899161959 外部連結 编辑Archaeoceti Giovanni Bianucci and Philip D Gingerich 2011 Aegyptocetus tarfa n gen et sp Mammalia Cetacea from the Middle Eocene of Egypt Clinorhynchy Olfaction and Hearing in a Protocetid Whale Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 6 1173 1188 DOI 10 1080 02724634 2011 607985 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 古鯨 amp oldid 79497572, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，
