Bright, William. (1984). The classification of North American and Meso-American Indian languages. In W. Bright (Ed.), American Indian linguistics and literature (pp. 3–29). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Bright, William (Ed.). (1984). American Indian linguistics and literature. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-009846-6.
Brinton, Daniel G. (1891). The American race. New York: D. C. Hodges.
Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
Campbell, Lyle; & Mithun, Marianne (Eds.). (1979). The languages of native America: Historical and comparative assessment. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (Ed.). (2005). Ethnologue: Languages of the world (15th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. ISBN 1-55671-159-X. (Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）).
北美洲
Boas, Franz. (1911). Handbook of American Indian languages (Vol. 1). Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 40. Washington: Government Print Office (Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology).
Boas, Franz. (1922). Handbook of American Indian languages (Vol. 2). Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 40. Washington: Government Print Office (Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology).
Boas, Franz. (1929). Classification of American Indian languages. Language, 5, 1–7.
Boas, Franz. (1933). Handbook of American Indian languages (Vol. 3). Native American legal materials collection, title 1227. Glückstadt: J.J. Augustin.
Bright, William. (1973). North American Indian language contact. In T. A. Sebeok (Ed.), Linguistics in North America (part 1, pp. 713–726). Current trends in linguistics (Vol. 10). The Hauge: Mouton.
Goddard, Ives (Ed.). (1996). Languages. Handbook of North American Indians (W. C. Sturtevant, General Ed.) (Vol. 17). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-16-048774-9.
Goddard, Ives. (1999). Native languages and language families of North America (rev. and enlarged ed. with additions and corrections). [Map]. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press (Smithsonian Institution). (Updated version of the map in Goddard 1996). ISBN 0-8032-9271-6.
Goddard, Ives. (2005). The indigenous languages of the southeast. Anthropological Linguistics, 47 (1), 1–60.
Mithun, Marianne. (1990). Studies of North American Indian Languages. Annual Review of Anthropology, 19(1): 309–330.
Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
Powell, John W. (1891). Indian linguistic families of America north of Mexico. Seventh annual report, Bureau of American Ethnology (pp. 1–142). Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. (Reprinted in P. Holder (Ed.), 1966, Introduction to Handbook of American Indian languages by Franz Boas and Indian linguistic families of America, north of Mexico, by J. W. Powell, Lincoln: University of Nebraska).
Powell, John W. (1915). Linguistic families of American Indians north of Mexico by J. W. Powell, revised by members of the staff of the Bureau of American Ethnology. (Map). Bureau of American Ethnology miscellaneous publication (No. 11). Baltimore: Hoen.
Sebeok, Thomas A. (Ed.). (1973). Linguistics in North America (parts 1 & 2). Current trends in linguistics (Vol. 10). The Hauge: Mouton. (Reprinted as Sebeok 1976).
Sebeok, Thomas A. (Ed.). (1976). Native languages of the Americas. New York: Plenum.
Sherzer, Joel. (1973). Areal linguistics in North America. In T. A. Sebeok (Ed.), Linguistics in North America (part 2, pp. 749–795). Current trends in linguistics (Vol. 10). The Hauge: Mouton. (Reprinted in Sebeok 1976).
Sherzer, Joel. (1976). An areal-typological study of American Indian languages north of Mexico. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
Sletcher, Michael, ‘North American Indians’, in Will Kaufman and Heidi Macpherson, eds., Britain and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History, (2 vols., Oxford, 2005).
Sturtevant, William C. (Ed.). (1978–present). Handbook of North American Indians (Vol. 1–20). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. (Vols. 1–3, 16, 18–20 not yet published).
Vaas, Rüdiger: ‘Die Sprachen der Ureinwohner’. In: Stoll, Günter, Vaas, Rüdiger: Spurensuche im Indianerland. Hirzel. Stuttgart 2001, chapter 7.
Voegelin, Carl F.; & Voegelin, Florence M. (1965). Classification of American Indian languages. Languages of the world, Native American fasc. 2, sec. 1.6). Anthropological Linguistics, 7 (7): 121-150.
Zededa, Ofelia; Hill, Jane H. (1991). The condition of Native American Languages in the United States. In R. H. Robins & E. M. Uhlenbeck (Eds.), Endangered languages (pp. 135–155). Oxford: Berg.
Debian North American Indigenous Languages Project （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
南美洲
Adelaar, Willem F. H.; & Muysken, Pieter C. (2004). The languages of the Andes. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press.
Fabre, Alain. (1998). "Manual de las lenguas indígenas sudamericanas, I-II". München: Lincom Europa.
Kaufman, Terrence. (1990). Language history in South America: What we know and how to know more. In D. L. Payne (Ed.), Amazonian linguistics: Studies in lowland South American languages (pp. 13–67). Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-70414-3.
Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.), Atlas of the world's languages (pp. 46–76). London: Routledge.
Key, Mary R. (1979). The grouping of South American languages. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag.
Loukotka, Čestmír. (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, University of California.
Mason, J. Alden. (1950). The languages of South America. In J. Steward (Ed.), Handbook of South American Indians (Vol. 6, pp. 157–317). Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology bulletin (No. 143). Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
Migliazza, Ernest C.; & Campbell, Lyle. (1988). Panorama general de las lenguas indígenas en América. Historia general de América (Vol. 10). Caracas: Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia.
Rodrigues, Aryon. (1986). Linguas brasileiras: Para o conhecimento das linguas indígenas. São Paulo: Edições Loyola.
Rowe, John H. (1954). Linguistics classification problems in South America. In M. B. Emeneau (Ed.), Papers from the symposium on American Indian linguistics (pp. 10–26). University of California publications in linguistics (Vol. 10). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Sapir, Edward. (1929). Central and North American languages. In The encyclopædia britannica: A new survey of universal knowledge (14 ed.) (Vol. 5, pp. 138–141). London: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company, Ltd.
Voegelin, Carl F.; & Voegelin, Florence M. (1977). Classification and index of the world's languages. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 0-444-00155-7.
外部連結
Catálogo de línguas indígenas sul-americanas （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Society to Advance Indigenous Vernaculars of the United States （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (SAIVUS)
The Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (SSILA)
Southern Oregon Digital Archives First Nations Tribal Collection （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (collection of ethnographic, linguistic, & historical material)
Programa de Formación en Educación Intercultural Bilingüe para los Países Andinos （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
(University of California at Davis)
Native Languages of the Americas （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
International Journal of American Linguistics （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
(Saskatchewan Indian Cultural Centre)
一月 08, 2023
美洲原住民語言, 并不是一种语言, 甚至也不是属于一种语系, 而是美洲所有原住民的各种语言的总称, 其中瑪雅語曾经有自己的文字系统, 随着15世纪末开始西方殖民主义者的到来, 美洲原住民数量在几百年的时间里锐减, 再加上文化的同化, 大部分美洲原住民语言都已经灭绝, 目前即使会说美洲土著语言的大部分人也是操双语的人群, 因为缺少研究材料, 对美洲土著语言的研究很不足, 目前对許多美洲土著语言的分类说法不一, 尚不能把语系确定下来, 只能暂时分为语组, 大致有如下个语组, 有几百种以上的语言, 有许多语言现在能流利的. 美洲原住民語言并不是一种语言 甚至也不是属于一种语系 而是美洲所有原住民的各种语言的总称 其中瑪雅語曾经有自己的文字系统 随着15世纪末开始西方殖民主义者的到来 美洲原住民数量在几百年的时间里锐减 再加上文化的同化 大部分美洲原住民语言都已经灭绝 目前即使会说美洲土著语言的大部分人也是操双语的人群 因为缺少研究材料 对美洲土著语言的研究很不足 目前对許多美洲土著语言的分类说法不一 尚不能把语系确定下来 只能暂时分为语组 大致有如下个语组 有几百种以上的语言 有许多语言现在能流利的说的人不足几十甚至几个人 大部分已经灭绝 南美的大語系 黑點表示孤立語言 灰點表示語系劃分有爭議的語言 目录 1 語系種類 1 1 北美洲 1 2 中美洲 1 3 南美洲 2 參考文獻 2 1 引用 2 2 来源 3 外部連結語系種類 编辑北美洲 编辑 爱斯基摩 阿留申语系 Eskimo Aleut 分布于北极地带 包括 因纽特语 阿留申语納 德內語系 Na Dene 广泛分布在加拿大西部和美国的阿拉斯加州 主要包括 特林吉特语 Tlingit 阿萨帕斯卡语 Athabaskan 阿尔吉克语系 Algic 广泛分布在北美东海岸 从加拿大东部到美国落矶山以东的广大地区 主要有以下几种 阿爾岡昆諸語言 Algonquian 黑腳語 夏延語 阿拉帕霍語 英语 Arapaho language 克里語 奧吉布瓦語 波多沃米語 英语 Potawatomi language 福克斯語 英语 Fox language Sauk Fox Kickapoo 肖尼語 英语 Shawnee language 麻薩諸塞語 英语 Massachusett language 尤罗克语 英语 Yurok language Yurok 维约特语 英语 Wiyot language Wiyot 萨利希语系 Salishan 分布从加拿大西部到美国西部太平洋沿岸 贝拉库拉语族 Bella Coola 海岸萨利希语族 Coast Salish 内陆萨利希语族 Interior Salish 欽西安語系 英语 Tsimshianic languages Tsimshianic 分布於不列顛哥倫比亞省西北部 克奇坎與安妮特島瓦卡希語系 英语 Wakashan languages Wakashan 分布於北美西北海岸與溫哥華島蘇 卡塔巴语系 英语 Siouan languages Siouan Catawban 分布於北美大平原大部分 西部蘇語族 英语 Western Siouan languages Western Siouan 蘇族語 阿西尼博因語 英语 Assiniboine language Assiniboine 納科塔語 英语 Stoney language Stoney 克羅語 英语 Crow language Crow 卡塔巴語族 英语 Catawban languages Catawban 基歐瓦 塔諾安語系 英语 Kiowa Tanoan languages Kiowa Tanoan 分布於北美大平原 新墨西哥 堪薩斯 奧克拉荷馬與德克薩斯 基歐瓦語 英语 Kiowa language Kiowa 傑梅茲語 英语 Jemez language Jemez 提瓦語 英语 Tiwa languages Tiwa 帖瓦語 英语 Tewa language Tewa 卡多语系 英语 Caddoan languages Caddoan 分布於北美大平原 現今分布於北達科他南部與奧克拉荷馬易洛魁語系 Iroquoian 分布於北美東部 主要於五大湖東部與聖勞倫斯河流域 塞尼卡語 Seneca 卡尤加語 英语 Cayuga language Cayuga 奧農達加語 英语 Onondaga language Onondaga 奧內達語 英语 Oneida language Oneida 莫霍克語 英语 Mohawk language Mohawk 切羅基語 Cherokee 穆斯科吉语系 英语 Muskogean languages Muskogean 分布於美國東南部 契卡索語 英语 Chickasaw language Chickasaw 喬克托語 Choctaw 克里克 塞米諾爾語 Creek Seminole 希奇提 密卡蘇奇語 Hitchiti Mikasuki 阿帕拉契語 英语 Apalachee language Apalachee 阿拉巴馬語 英语 Alabama language Alabama 夸薩蒂語 英语 Koasati language Koasati 中美洲 编辑 玉曼 科奇米语系 英语 Yuman Cochimi languages Yuman Cochimi 分布在美国加利福尼亚州南部與亞利桑那州西部 以及墨西哥下加利福尼亞州猶他 阿茲特克語系分布从美国犹他州到墨西哥广大地区 努米克語族 英语 Numic languages 北派尤特語 英语 Northern Paiute language 科曼奇語 英语 Comanche language 休休尼語 科羅拉多河努米克語 英语 Colorado River Numic language Colorado River Numic language 霍皮語 英语 Hopi language 皮馬語族 英语 Piman languages 塔拉烏馬拉語族 英语 Tarahumaran languages 納瓦語族 英语 Nahuan languages 納瓦特爾語歐托 曼格語系 Oto Manguean 主要分佈在墨西哥 曾經分佈到尼加拉瓜與哥斯大黎加 包括薩波特克語 米斯特克語 奧托米語 英语 Otomi language 等等馬雅語系分布在中美洲和墨西哥南部地区 犹加敦语支 Yucatec Maya 乔尔泽套语支 Cholan Tzeltalan 瓦斯蒂克语支 Huastecan 坎合巴祖赫语 Kanjobalan Chujean 基切马梅语支 Quichean Mamean 南美洲 编辑 阿拉瓦克语系 Arawakan 分布在加勒比海岛屿到南美洲安第斯山以东的大部分地区奇布恰语系 Chibchan 分布在中美洲南部到哥伦比亚北部地区克丘亚语系分布在南美洲安第斯山以东北部地区图皮语系 Tupi 分布在南美从玻利维亚 巴拉圭到阿根廷地区舒阿尔语系 Shuar 分布在亚马逊河上游森林中地区參考文獻 编辑引用 编辑 来源 编辑 Bright William 1984 The classification of North American and Meso American Indian languages In W Bright Ed American Indian linguistics and literature pp 3 29 Berlin Mouton de Gruyter Bright William Ed 1984 American Indian linguistics and literature Berlin Mouton de Gruyter ISBN 3 11 009846 6 Brinton Daniel G 1891 The American race New York D C Hodges Campbell Lyle 1997 American Indian languages The historical linguistics of Native America New York Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 509427 1 Campbell Lyle amp Mithun Marianne Eds 1979 The languages of native America Historical and comparative assessment Austin University of Texas Press Gordon Raymond G Jr Ed 2005 Ethnologue Languages of the world 15th ed Dallas Texas SIL International ISBN 1 55671 159 X Online version http www ethnologue com 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 北美洲Boas Franz 1911 Handbook of American Indian languages Vol 1 Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 40 Washington Government Print Office Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Boas Franz 1922 Handbook of American Indian languages Vol 2 Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 40 Washington Government Print Office Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Boas Franz 1929 Classification of American Indian languages Language 5 1 7 Boas Franz 1933 Handbook of American Indian languages Vol 3 Native American legal materials collection title 1227 Gluckstadt J J Augustin Bright William 1973 North American Indian language contact In T A Sebeok Ed Linguistics in North America part 1 pp 713 726 Current trends in linguistics Vol 10 The Hauge Mouton Goddard Ives Ed 1996 Languages Handbook of North American Indians W C Sturtevant General Ed Vol 17 Washington D C Smithsonian Institution ISBN 0 16 048774 9 Goddard Ives 1999 Native languages and language families of North America rev and enlarged ed with additions and corrections Map Lincoln Nebraska University of Nebraska Press Smithsonian Institution Updated version of the map in Goddard 1996 ISBN 0 8032 9271 6 Goddard Ives 2005 The indigenous languages of the southeast Anthropological Linguistics 47 1 1 60 Mithun Marianne 1990 Studies of North American Indian Languages Annual Review of Anthropology 19 1 309 330 Mithun Marianne 1999 The languages of Native North America Cambridge Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 23228 7 hbk ISBN 0 521 29875 X Powell John W 1891 Indian linguistic families of America north of Mexico Seventh annual report Bureau of American Ethnology pp 1 142 Washington D C Government Printing Office Reprinted in P Holder Ed 1966 Introduction to Handbook of American Indian languages by Franz Boas and Indian linguistic families of America north of Mexico by J W Powell Lincoln University of Nebraska Powell John W 1915 Linguistic families of American Indians north of Mexico by J W Powell revised by members of the staff of the Bureau of American Ethnology Map Bureau of American Ethnology miscellaneous publication No 11 Baltimore Hoen Sebeok Thomas A Ed 1973 Linguistics in North America parts 1 amp 2 Current trends in linguistics Vol 10 The Hauge Mouton Reprinted as Sebeok 1976 Sebeok Thomas A Ed 1976 Native languages of the Americas New York Plenum Sherzer Joel 1973 Areal linguistics in North America In T A Sebeok Ed Linguistics in North America part 2 pp 749 795 Current trends in linguistics Vol 10 The Hauge Mouton Reprinted in Sebeok 1976 Sherzer Joel 1976 An areal typological study of American Indian languages north of Mexico Amsterdam North Holland Sletcher Michael North American Indians in Will Kaufman and Heidi Macpherson eds Britain and the Americas Culture Politics and History 2 vols Oxford 2005 Sturtevant William C Ed 1978 present Handbook of North American Indians Vol 1 20 Washington D C Smithsonian Institution Vols 1 3 16 18 20 not yet published Vaas Rudiger Die Sprachen der Ureinwohner In Stoll Gunter Vaas Rudiger Spurensuche im Indianerland Hirzel Stuttgart 2001 chapter 7 Voegelin Carl F amp Voegelin Florence M 1965 Classification of American Indian languages Languages of the world Native American fasc 2 sec 1 6 Anthropological Linguistics 7 7 121 150 Zededa Ofelia Hill Jane H 1991 The condition of Native American Languages in the United States In R H Robins amp E M Uhlenbeck Eds Endangered languages pp 135 155 Oxford Berg Debian North American Indigenous Languages Project 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 南美洲Adelaar Willem F H amp Muysken Pieter C 2004 The languages of the Andes Cambridge language surveys Cambridge University Press Fabre Alain 1998 Manual de las lenguas indigenas sudamericanas I II Munchen Lincom Europa Kaufman Terrence 1990 Language history in South America What we know and how to know more In D L Payne Ed Amazonian linguistics Studies in lowland South American languages pp 13 67 Austin University of Texas Press ISBN 0 292 70414 3 Kaufman Terrence 1994 The native languages of South America In C Mosley amp R E Asher Eds Atlas of the world s languages pp 46 76 London Routledge Key Mary R 1979 The grouping of South American languages Tubingen Gunter Narr Verlag Loukotka Cestmir 1968 Classification of South American Indian languages Los Angeles Latin American Studies Center University of California Mason J Alden 1950 The languages of South America In J Steward Ed Handbook of South American Indians Vol 6 pp 157 317 Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology bulletin No 143 Washington D C Government Printing Office Migliazza Ernest C amp Campbell Lyle 1988 Panorama general de las lenguas indigenas en America Historia general de America Vol 10 Caracas Instituto Panamericano de Geografia e Historia Rodrigues Aryon 1986 Linguas brasileiras Para o conhecimento das linguas indigenas Sao Paulo Edicoes Loyola Rowe John H 1954 Linguistics classification problems in South America In M B Emeneau Ed Papers from the symposium on American Indian linguistics pp 10 26 University of California publications in linguistics Vol 10 Berkeley University of California Press Sapir Edward 1929 Central and North American languages In The encyclopaedia britannica A new survey of universal knowledge 14 ed Vol 5 pp 138 141 London The Encyclopaedia Britannica Company Ltd Voegelin Carl F amp Voegelin Florence M 1977 Classification and index of the world s languages Amsterdam Elsevier ISBN 0 444 00155 7 外部連結 编辑Catalogo de linguas indigenas sul americanas 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Diccionario etnolinguistico y guia bibliografica de los pueblos indigenas sudamericanos Towards a general typology of South American indigenous languages A bibliographical database South American Languages Society to Advance Indigenous Vernaculars of the United States 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 SAIVUS Indigenous Peoples Languages Articles News Videos Documentation Center of the Linguistic Minorities of Panama The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America Indigenous Language Institute 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 The Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 SSILA Southern Oregon Digital Archives First Nations Tribal Collection 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 collection of ethnographic linguistic amp historical material Center for the Study of the Native Languages of the Plains and Southwest Project for the Documentation of the Languages of Mesoamerica Programa de Formacion en Educacion Intercultural Bilingue para los Paises Andinos 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Native American Language Center University of California at Davis Native Languages of the Americas 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 International Journal of American Linguistics 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Our Languages Saskatchewan Indian Cultural Centre Swadesh Lists of Brazilian Native Languages 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 美洲原住民語言 amp oldid 74719336, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，
