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维基百科

光裂合酶

十月 19, 2023

光裂合酶（Photolyases，EC 4.1.99.3）為一種DNA修復酵素，專門修復遭受紫外線破壞的DNA。此酵素的作用需要可見光協助活化[1]及DNA修復[2]。光裂合酶修復DNA的過程稱為光學活作用（photoreactivation）。

DNA光裂合酶
A deazaflavin photolyase from Anacystis nidulans, illustrating the two light-harvesting cofactors: FADH− (yellow) and 8-HDF (cyan).
鑑定
標誌FAD_binding_7
PfamPF03441（旧版）
InterPro（英语：InterPro）IPR005101
PROSITE（英语：PROSITE）PDOC00331
SCOP（英语：Structural Classification of Proteins）1qnf / SUPFAM
現有可用的蛋白結構：
Pfam結構（旧版） / ECOD
PDBRCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum（英语：PDBsum）結構概要
PDB1u3cA:214-492 1u3dA:214-492 1iquA:176-418

1iqrA:176-418 1dnpB:202-469 1tezD:207-472 1owmA:207-472 1qnf :207-472 1owpA:207-472 1owoA:207-472 1owlA:207-472 1ownA:207-472

1np7B:213-453

由系統發生學來看，光裂合酶是一個相當古老的酵素，從細菌、真菌[3]，到動物體內都有[4]，且在植物體內尤為重要。人類等胎盤哺乳類體內則並無此酵素活性，而是使用另一種較無效率的核苷酸切除修復法來取代光裂合酶[5]。

DNA中相鄰的胸腺嘧啶受到紫外線的照射時，會形成共價鍵，形成環丁烷橋，稱為胸腺嘧啶二聚體。形成胸腺嘧啶二聚體的基因會導致基因在複製和轉錄時出現錯誤[6]。光裂合酶會接在DNA上，切除胸腺嘧啶二聚體，並修復回原本的樣子。

A UV radiation induced thymine-thymine cyclobutane dimer (right) is the type of DNA damage（英语：Direct DNA damage） which is repaired by DNA photolyase. Note: The above diagram is incorrectly labelled as thymine as the structures lack 5-methyl groups.

光裂合酶為一種黄素蛋白，內含兩個捕光性辅因子。所有的光裂合酶都含有FADH−，並可根據他的第二輔因子分為兩類。第一類為葉酸性光裂合酶，其第二輔因子的成分為次甲基四氫葉酸蝶呤（Methenyltetrahydrofolate，MTHF），稱。第二類則為脫氮黃素（英语：deazaflavin）性光裂合酶，其第二輔因子為8-羥-7,8-二甲基-5-脫氮核黃素（8-hydroxy-7,8-didemethyl-5-deazariboflavin，8-HDF）。FAD本身即有酵素活性，第二輔因子則可在低光狀態下加速反應進行。被光活化的光裂合酶會將FADH−的電子，轉移給胸腺嘧啶二聚體來裂解二聚體[7]。

除了第二輔因子之外，光裂合酶也可根據序列相似性分為兩種，第一種主要在革蘭氏陰性菌、陽性菌、嗜鹽古菌、真菌，和植物體內。Proteins containing this domain also include Arabidopsis thaliana cryptochrome（英语：cryptochrome）s 1 and 2, which are blue light photoreceptors that mediate blue light-induced gene expression and modulation of circadian rhythms.

、可以將光裂合酶分為兩類。The first class contains enzymes from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, the halophilic archaebacteria Halobacterium halobium,以及真菌與植物。阿拉伯芥的Cryptochrome（英语：Cryptochrome） 1與2亦含有此種結構域，作為促進藍光基因表現與調整昼夜节律的光受體。

The second class are named cryptochrome (Cry), found in species as diverse as Drosophila, Arabidopsis, Synechocystis, and Human (Cry-DASH). These were previously assumed to have no DNA repair activity because of negligible activity on double-stranded DNA. A study[4] by A. Sancar and P. Selby provided evidence to suggest this branch of cryptochromes have photolyase activity with a high degree of specificity for cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in single-stranded DNA. Their study showed that VcCry1 from Vibrio cholerae, X1Cry from Xenopus laevis, and AtCry3 from Arabidopsis thaliana all had photolyase activity on UV irradiated ssDNA in vitro.

有些防曬油含有此酵素，宣稱可以治癒紫外線曬傷[8]。

人類體內含光裂合酶之蛋白 编辑

  • CRY1
  • CRY2（英语：CRY2）

參考文獻 编辑

  1. ^ Yamamoto J, Shimizu K, Kanda T, Hosokawa Y, Iwai S, Plaza P, Müller P. Loss of Fourth Electron-Transferring Tryptophan in Animal (6-4) Photolyase Impairs DNA Repair Activity in Bacterial Cells. Biochemistry. October 2017, 56 (40): 5356–5364. PMID 28880077. doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00366. 
  2. ^ Thiagarajan V, Byrdin M, Eker AP, Müller P, Brettel K. Kinetics of cyclobutane thymine dimer splitting by DNA photolyase directly monitored in the UV. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. June 2011, 108 (23): 9402–7. PMC 3111307  . PMID 21606324. doi:10.1073/pnas.1101026108. 
  3. ^ Teranishi, M., Nakamura, K., Morioka, H.,Yamamoto, K. and Hidema, J. The native cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyase of rice is phosphorylated. Plant Physiology. 2008, 146 (4): 1941–1951. PMC 2287361  . PMID 18235036. doi:10.1104/pp.107.110189. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Selby CP, Sancar A. A cryptochrome/photolyase class of enzymes with single-stranded DNA-specific photolyase activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. November 2006, 103 (47): 17696–700. PMC 1621107  . PMID 17062752. doi:10.1073/pnas.0607993103. 
  5. ^ Lucas-Lledó JI, Lynch M. Evolution of mutation rates: phylogenomic analysis of the photolyase/cryptochrome family. Molecular Biology and Evolution. May 2009, 26 (5): 1143–53. PMC 2668831  . PMID 19228922. doi:10.1093/molbev/msp029. 
  6. ^ Garrett RH, Grisham CM. Biochemistry. Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning. 2010. ISBN 978-0-495-10935-8. OCLC 984382855. 
  7. ^ Sancar A. Structure and function of DNA photolyase and cryptochrome blue-light photoreceptors. Chemical Reviews. June 2003, 103 (6): 2203–37. PMID 12797829. doi:10.1021/cr0204348. 
  8. ^ Kulms D, Pöppelmann B, Yarosh D, Luger TA, Krutmann J, Schwarz T. Nuclear and cell membrane effects contribute independently to the induction of apoptosis in human cells exposed to UVB radiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. July 1999, 96 (14): 7974–9. PMC 22172  . PMID 10393932. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.14.7974. 

外部連結 编辑

十月 19, 2023
光裂合酶, photolyases, 為一種dna修復酵素, 專門修復遭受紫外線破壞的dna, 此酵素的作用需要可見光協助活化, 及dna修復, 修復dna的過程稱為光學活作用, photoreactivation, dnaa, deazaflavin, photolyase, from, anacystis, nidulans, illustrating, light, harvesting, cofactors, fadh, yellow, cyan, 鑑定標誌fad, binding, 7pfampf0344. 光裂合酶 Photolyases EC 4 1 99 3 為一種DNA修復酵素 專門修復遭受紫外線破壞的DNA 此酵素的作用需要可見光協助活化 1 及DNA修復 2 光裂合酶修復DNA的過程稱為光學活作用 photoreactivation DNA光裂合酶A deazaflavin photolyase from Anacystis nidulans illustrating the two light harvesting cofactors FADH yellow and 8 HDF cyan 鑑定標誌FAD binding 7PfamPF03441 旧版 InterPro 英语 InterPro IPR005101PROSITE 英语 PROSITE PDOC00331SCOP 英语 Structural Classification of Proteins 1qnf SUPFAM現有可用的蛋白結構 Pfam結構 旧版 ECODPDBRCSB PDB PDBe PDBjPDBsum 英语 PDBsum 結構概要PDB1u3c A 214 492 1u3d A 214 492 1iqu A 176 418 1iqr A 176 418 1dnp B 202 469 1tez D 207 472 1owm A 207 472 1qnf 207 472 1owp A 207 472 1owo A 207 472 1owl A 207 472 1own A 207 472 1np7 B 213 453由系統發生學來看 光裂合酶是一個相當古老的酵素 從細菌 真菌 3 到動物體內都有 4 且在植物體內尤為重要 人類等胎盤哺乳類體內則並無此酵素活性 而是使用另一種較無效率的核苷酸切除修復法來取代光裂合酶 5 DNA中相鄰的胸腺嘧啶受到紫外線的照射時 會形成共價鍵 形成環丁烷橋 稱為胸腺嘧啶二聚體 形成胸腺嘧啶二聚體的基因會導致基因在複製和轉錄時出現錯誤 6 光裂合酶會接在DNA上 切除胸腺嘧啶二聚體 並修復回原本的樣子 A UV radiation induced thymine thymine cyclobutane dimer right is the type of DNA damage 英语 Direct DNA damage which is repaired by DNA photolyase Note The above diagram is incorrectly labelled as thymine as the structures lack 5 methyl groups 光裂合酶為一種黄素蛋白 內含兩個捕光性辅因子 所有的光裂合酶都含有FADH 並可根據他的第二輔因子分為兩類 第一類為葉酸性光裂合酶 其第二輔因子的成分為次甲基四氫葉酸蝶呤 Methenyltetrahydrofolate MTHF 稱 第二類則為脫氮黃素 英语 deazaflavin 性光裂合酶 其第二輔因子為8 羥 7 8 二甲基 5 脫氮核黃素 8 hydroxy 7 8 didemethyl 5 deazariboflavin 8 HDF FAD本身即有酵素活性 第二輔因子則可在低光狀態下加速反應進行 被光活化的光裂合酶會將FADH 的電子 轉移給胸腺嘧啶二聚體來裂解二聚體 7 除了第二輔因子之外 光裂合酶也可根據序列相似性分為兩種 第一種主要在革蘭氏陰性菌 陽性菌 嗜鹽古菌 真菌 和植物體內 Proteins containing this domain also include Arabidopsis thaliana cryptochrome 英语 cryptochrome s 1 and 2 which are blue light photoreceptors that mediate blue light induced gene expression and modulation of circadian rhythms 可以將光裂合酶分為兩類 The first class contains enzymes from Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria the halophilic archaebacteria Halobacterium halobium 以及真菌與植物 阿拉伯芥的Cryptochrome 英语 Cryptochrome 1與2亦含有此種結構域 作為促進藍光基因表現與調整昼夜节律的光受體 The second class are named cryptochrome Cry found in species as diverse as Drosophila Arabidopsis Synechocystis and Human Cry DASH These were previously assumed to have no DNA repair activity because of negligible activity on double stranded DNA A study 4 by A Sancar and P Selby provided evidence to suggest this branch of cryptochromes have photolyase activity with a high degree of specificity for cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in single stranded DNA Their study showed that VcCry1 from Vibrio cholerae X1Cry from Xenopus laevis and AtCry3 from Arabidopsis thaliana all had photolyase activity on UV irradiated ssDNA in vitro 有些防曬油含有此酵素 宣稱可以治癒紫外線曬傷 8 人類體內含光裂合酶之蛋白 编辑CRY1 CRY2 英语 CRY2 參考文獻 编辑 Yamamoto J Shimizu K Kanda T Hosokawa Y Iwai S Plaza P Muller P Loss of Fourth Electron Transferring Tryptophan in Animal 6 4 Photolyase Impairs DNA Repair Activity in Bacterial Cells Biochemistry October 2017 56 40 5356 5364 PMID 28880077 doi 10 1021 acs biochem 7b00366 Thiagarajan V Byrdin M Eker AP Muller P Brettel K Kinetics of cyclobutane thymine dimer splitting by DNA photolyase directly monitored in the UV Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America June 2011 108 23 9402 7 PMC 3111307 nbsp PMID 21606324 doi 10 1073 pnas 1101026108 Teranishi M Nakamura K Morioka H Yamamoto K and Hidema J The native cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyase of rice is phosphorylated Plant Physiology 2008 146 4 1941 1951 PMC 2287361 nbsp PMID 18235036 doi 10 1104 pp 107 110189 4 0 4 1 Selby CP Sancar A A cryptochrome photolyase class of enzymes with single stranded DNA specific photolyase activity Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America November 2006 103 47 17696 700 PMC 1621107 nbsp PMID 17062752 doi 10 1073 pnas 0607993103 Lucas Lledo JI Lynch M Evolution of mutation rates phylogenomic analysis of the photolyase cryptochrome family Molecular Biology and Evolution May 2009 26 5 1143 53 PMC 2668831 nbsp PMID 19228922 doi 10 1093 molbev msp029 Garrett RH Grisham CM Biochemistry Brooks Cole Cengage Learning 2010 ISBN 978 0 495 10935 8 OCLC 984382855 Sancar A Structure and function of DNA photolyase and cryptochrome blue light photoreceptors Chemical Reviews June 2003 103 6 2203 37 PMID 12797829 doi 10 1021 cr0204348 Kulms D Poppelmann B Yarosh D Luger TA Krutmann J Schwarz T Nuclear and cell membrane effects contribute independently to the induction of apoptosis in human cells exposed to UVB radiation Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America July 1999 96 14 7974 9 PMC 22172 nbsp PMID 10393932 doi 10 1073 pnas 96 14 7974 外部連結 编辑 nbsp 维基共享资源上的相關多媒體資源 光裂合酶 nbsp 分子与细胞生物学主题 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 光裂合酶 amp oldid 69723260, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，

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