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维基百科

野櫻莓

十月 19, 2023

维基百科中的醫學内容仅供参考，並不能視作專業意見。如需獲取醫療幫助或意見，请咨询专业人士。詳見醫學聲明。

野櫻莓（学名：Aronia melanocarpa，英文：Black chokeberry），是薔薇科的一種落葉灌木，原產於北美洲東部濕樹林和沼澤。野櫻莓被栽培為觀賞和植物和經濟作物，果實可以生吃，也能用來製作酒、果醬、糖漿、果汁、茶、沙拉、啤酒和冰淇淋。

野櫻莓
野櫻莓
科学分类
界： 植物界 Plantae
演化支： 维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支： 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支： 真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支： 蔷薇类植物 Rosids
目： 蔷薇目 Rosales
科： 蔷薇科 Rosaceae
属： 涩石楠属 Aronia
Medik.
种： 野櫻莓 A. melanocarpa
二名法
Aronia melanocarpa
野櫻莓果實

特征和分類 编辑

葉彼此互生，針形，圓齒和羽脈狀，到了秋天樹葉會變成暗紅色，黑色的毛狀出現在葉中脈的表面，花很小，有5個花瓣和5個萼片，並且在10-25傘狀花序，果實是一個小梨果，具有非常澀的味道。

野櫻莓產於北美洲東部，有兩個著名的品種，其果色為紅色、黑色，紫色的野櫻莓是其原產地兩者自然雜交而成。紅色的野櫻莓，通常高度為2-4公尺，葉子底部寬5-8，花為白色或淡粉色，寬約1厘米，果實為紅色，4-10毫米寬，產至到冬天。

黑色的野櫻莓，略小，高度幾乎超過1公尺高。葉子較小，不超過6厘米寬。花是白色，寬1.5厘米，無毛與萼片，果實為黑色，6-9毫米寬，沒有產至冬天。

紫色的野櫻莓，果實為暗紫色偏黑色，7-10毫米的寬度，產至冬天。植物學家艾倫·威克利認為這是一種全面的物種，而不是混合紅色、黑色野櫻莓。

 
野櫻莓花

產品及用途 编辑

野櫻莓耐乾旱、蟲害、污染和疾病。波蘭將野櫻莓乾燥，與草藥茶、黑醋栗混合，野櫻莓也常被用作香料或著色劑的飲料或酸奶。

野櫻莓成熟漿果果汁有點澀，略帶點甜（中度含糖量），微酸（低pH值）。漿果有獨特的風味，除了作為果汁外，也可以用來作烤麵包的添加物。在美國和加拿大，野櫻莓漿果則被用於果汁產品，主要的銷售特點是它的抗氧化性能。

营养 编辑

野櫻莓黑色的色素沉著是來自密集的多酚含量，尤其是花青素。總多酚含量為每100克新鮮果實1752毫克，花青素含量為每100克1480毫克，而原花青素濃度為每100克664毫克。[來源請求]

野櫻莓也含有對人體有益礦物質和維生素，即：維生素B6、B12、E、C，葉酸，奎寧酸，多酚酸，單寧，兒茶素，槲黃素，芸香素，橙皮苷，白藜蘆醇...等等。

ORAC 编辑

在抗氧化強度的標準測量中---氧自由基吸收能力和抗氧化能力指數（ORAC），野櫻莓是所有水果中數值最高的---每100克含16,062 micromoles of Trolox Eq. 其原因為野櫻莓所富含的花青素和原花青素，這也許可以解釋其所帶有的澀味。[來源請求]

初步研究 编辑

野櫻莓的潛在機能可以降低造成疾病的風險[來源請求]，包括：

  • 降低血液中的膽固醇
  • 結直腸癌
  • 心血管疾病
  • 慢性炎症
  • 胃粘膜疾病（消化性潰瘍）
  • 眼球炎（葡萄膜炎）
  • 肝功能衰竭
  • 抗粘連性能
  • 乳腺癌
  • 高血壓
  • 宮頸癌
  • 免疫調節作用

參見 编辑

參考文獻 编辑

  1. Potter, D., et al. (2007). Phylogeny and classification of Rosaceae. Plant Systematics and Evolution. 266(1–2): 5–43.
  2. Photinia melanocarpa (Michx.) K.R. Robertson & Phipps". USDA PLANTS.
  3. Photinia floribunda". USDA PLANTS.
  4. A. A. Reznicek, E. G. Voss, and B. S. Walters (February 2011). "Michigan Flora Online". University of Michigan. Retrieved 2013-11-29.
  5. Mark Brand (2010). "Aronia: Native Shrubs With Untapped Potential". Arnoldia 67 (3): 14–25.
  6. USDA GRIN entry for Aronia.
  7. USDA GRIN Taxonomy, distribution entry for Aronia × prunifolia.
  8. Everhart, Eldon (March 4, 2009). "Aronia - A New Crop for Iowa". Retrieved May 24, 2013.
  9. Prunus virginiana L. var. melanocarpa (A. Nelson) Sarg.: black chokecherry". United States Department of Agriculture.
  10. Prunus virginiana melanocarpa, Black Chokecherry
  11. Robertson, K. R., J. B. Phipps, J. R. Rohrer, and P. G. Smith. 1991. A synopsis of genera in Maloideae (Rosaceae). Systematic Botany 16:376–394.
  12. Kalkman, C. 2004. Rosaceae. In The families and genera of vascular plants. Edited by K. Kubitzki. Springer, Berlin. pp. 343–386, isbn=3-540-06512-1. in Google books, page 377
  13. Alan S. Weakley (April 2008). "Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, and Surrounding Areas".
  14. Campbell C. S., R. C. Evans, D. R. Morgan, T. A. Dickinson, and M. P. Arsenault (2007). "Phylogeny of subtribe Pyrinae (formerly the Maloideae, Rosaceae): Limited resolution of a complex evolutionary history". Pl. Syst. Evol. 266: 119–145. doi:10.1007/s00606-007-0545-y.
  15. Sennikov, A.N.; Phipps, J.B. (2013). "Atlas Florae Europaeae notes, 19 – 22. Nomenclatural changes and taxonomic adjustments in some native and introduced species of Malinae (Rosaceae) in Europe". Willdenowia - Annals of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem 43 (1): 33–44. doi:10.3372/wi.43.43104.
  16. James W. Hardin ((May - Jun., 1973)). "The Enigmatic Chokeberries (Aronia, Rosaceae)". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 100 (3): 178–184. doi:10.2307/2484630. JSTOR 2484630.
  17. Steven A. McKay (March 17, 2004). "Demand increasing for aronia and elderberry in North America". New York Berry News 3 (11).
  18. Skupien K, Oszmianski J (2007). "The effect of mineral fertilization on nutritive value and biological activity of chokeberry fruit". Agric Food Sci 16: 46–55. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  19. "Total polyphenols in black chokeberry". http://www.phenol-explorer.eu （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Phenol-Explorer. 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  20. Wu X, Gu L, Prior RL, McKay S (2004). "Characterization of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in some cultivars of Ribes, Aronia and Sambucus and their antioxidant capacity". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52 (26): 7846–56. doi:10.1021/jf0486850. PMID 15612766.
  21. Wu X et al. (2006). "Concentrations of anthocyanins in common foods in the United States and estimation of normal consumption". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54 (1): 4069–75. doi:10.1021/jf060300l. PMID 16719536.
  22. Taheri, R; Connolly, B. A.; Brand, M. H.; Bolling, B. W. (2013). "Underutilized chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa, Aronia arbutifolia, Aronia prunifolia) accessions are rich sources of anthocyanins, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, and proanthocyanidins". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 61 (36): 8581–8. doi:10.1021/jf402449q. PMID 23941506. edit
  23. Simon PW (1996). "Plant pigments for color and nutrition". United States Department of Agriculture, University of Wisconsin. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  24. Lee, J. E.; Kim, G. S.; Park, S; Kim, Y. H.; Kim, M. B.; Lee, W. S.; Jeong, S. W.; Lee, S. J.; Jin, J. S.; Shin, S. C. (2014). "Determination of chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) polyphenol components using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Overall contribution to antioxidant activity". Food Chemistry 146: 1–5. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.029. PMID 24176305. edit
  25. Ipatova, O. M.; Prozorovskaia, N. N.; Rusina, I. F.; Prozorovskiĭ, V. N. (2003). "Antioxidant properties of a leaf extract from Aronia (Aronia melanocarba) containing proanthocyanidins". Biomeditsinskaia khimiia 49 (2): 165–76. PMID 14565080. edit
  26. "Anthocyanins FAQ". MadSci Network. 2014. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
  27. Neveu V et al. (2010). "Phenol-Explorer: an online comprehensive database on polyphenol contents in foods". Centre de Recherche de Clermont-Ferrand, France. doi:10.1093/database/bap024. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  28. Taheri, R; Connolly, B. A.; Brand, M. H.; Bolling, B. W. (2013). "Underutilized chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa, Aronia arbutifolia, Aronia prunifolia) accessions are rich sources of anthocyanins, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, and proanthocyanidins". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 61 (36): 8581–8. doi:10.1021/jf402449q. PMID 23941506. edit
  29. Gross, P (2009). "New Roles for Polyphenols. A 3-Part report on Current Regulations & the State of Science". Nutraceuticals World. Rodman Media. Retrieved April 11, 2013.
  30. Kim, B.; Ku, C. S.; Pham, T. X.; Park, Y.; Martin, D. A.; Xie, L.; Taheri, R.; Lee, J.; Bolling, B. W. (2013). "Aronia melanocarpa (chokeberry) polyphenol–rich extract improves antioxidant function and reduces total plasma cholesterol in apolipoprotein E knockout mice". Nutrition Research 33 (5): 406–413. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2013.03.001. PMID 23684442. edit
  31. Lala, G., Malik, M., Zhao, C., He, J., Kwon, Y., Giusti, M. M., & Magnuson, B. A. (2006). "Anthocyanin-rich extracts inhibit multiple biomarkers of colon cancer in rats". Nutr Cancer 54 (1): 84–93. doi:10.1207/s15327914nc5401_10. PMID 16800776.
  32. Bell, D. R., & Gochenaur, K (2006). "Direct vasoactive and vasoprotective properties of anthocyanin-rich extracts". J Appl Physiol 100 (4): 1164–70. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00626.2005. PMID 16339348.
  33. Jump up ^ Han, G.-L., Li, C.-M., Mazza, G., & Yang, X.-G (2005). "Effect of anthocyanin rich fruit extract on PGE2 produced by endothelial cells". Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 34 (5): 581–4. PMID 16329602.
  34. Jump up ^ Valcheva-Kuzmanova, S., Marazova, K., Krasnaliev, I., Galunska, B., Borisova, P., & Belcheva, A (2005). "Effect of Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal damage and oxidative stress in rats". Exp Toxicol Pathol 56 (6): 385–92. doi:10.1016/j.etp.2005.01.001. PMID 15945278.
  35. Ohgami, K., Ilieva, I., Shiratori, K., Koyama, Y., Jin, X.-H., Yoshida, K., Kase, S., Kitaichi, N., Suzuki, Y., Tanaka, T., Ohno, S. (2005). "Anti-inflammatory effects of aronia extract on rat endotoxin-induced uveitis". Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46 (1): 275–81. doi:10.1167/iovs.04-0715. PMID 15623784.
  36. Valcheva-Kuzmanova, S., Borisova, P., Galunska, B., Krasnaliev, I., Belcheva, A. (2004). "Hepatoprotective effect of the natural fruit juice from Aronia melanocarpa on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver damage in rats". Exp Toxicol Pathol 56 (3): 195–201. doi:10.1016/j.etp.2004.04.012. PMID 15625789.
  37. Olas, B; Wachowicz, B; Nowak, P; Kedzierska, M; Tomczak, A; Stochmal, A; Oleszek, W; Jeziorski, A; Piekarski, J (2008). "Studies on antioxidant properties of polyphenol-rich extract from berries of Aronia melanocarpa in blood platelets". Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society 59 (4): 823–35. PMID 19212014. edit
  38. Kedzierska, M; Olas, B; Wachowicz, B; Stochmal, A; Oleszek, W; Jeziorski, A; Piekarski, J; Glowacki, R (2009). "An extract from berries of Aronia melanocarpa modulates the generation of superoxide anion radicals in blood platelets from breast cancer patients". Planta Medica 75 (13): 1405–9. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1185718. PMID 19444773. edit
  39. Ciocoiu, M; Badescu, L; Miron, A; Badescu, M (2013). "The involvement of a polyphenol-rich extract of black chokeberry in oxidative stress on experimental arterial hypertension". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013: 912769. doi:10.1155/2013/912769. PMC 3600185. PMID 23533529. edit
  40. Rugină, D; Sconţa, Z; Leopold, L; Pintea, A; Bunea, A; Socaciu, C (2012). "Antioxidant activities of chokeberry extracts and the cytotoxic action of their anthocyanin fraction on He La human cervical tumor cells". Journal of Medicinal Food 15 (8): 700–6. doi:10.1089/jmf.2011.0246. PMC 3407391. PMID 22846076. edit
  41. Xu, J; Mojsoska, B (2013). "The immunomodulation effect of Aronia extract lacks association with its antioxidant anthocyanins". Journal of Medicinal Food 16 (4): 334–42. doi:10.1089/jmf.2012.0151. PMID 23566059. edit

延伸閱讀 编辑

  • Aronia: The North American super berry with cancer-fighting properties （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） by Chris Kilham Fox News, June 7, 2013

外部連結 编辑

  • Hortnet: Aronia melanocarpa, Plant of the Month （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

十月 19, 2023
野櫻莓, 此條目已列出參考文獻, 但因為沒有文內引註而使來源仍然不明, 2014年8月21日, 请加上合适的文內引註来改善这篇条目, 维基百科中的醫學内容仅供参考, 並不能視作專業意見, 如需獲取醫療幫助或意見, 请咨询专业人士, 詳見醫學聲明, 学名, aronia, melanocarpa, 英文, black, chokeberry, 是薔薇科的一種落葉灌木, 原產於北美洲東部濕樹林和沼澤, 被栽培為觀賞和植物和經濟作物, 果實可以生吃, 也能用來製作酒, 果醬, 糖漿, 果汁, 沙拉, 啤酒和冰淇淋, 科学. 此條目已列出參考文獻 但因為沒有文內引註而使來源仍然不明 2014年8月21日 请加上合适的文內引註来改善这篇条目 维基百科中的醫學内容仅供参考 並不能視作專業意見 如需獲取醫療幫助或意見 请咨询专业人士 詳見醫學聲明 野櫻莓 学名 Aronia melanocarpa 英文 Black chokeberry 是薔薇科的一種落葉灌木 原產於北美洲東部濕樹林和沼澤 野櫻莓被栽培為觀賞和植物和經濟作物 果實可以生吃 也能用來製作酒 果醬 糖漿 果汁 茶 沙拉 啤酒和冰淇淋 野櫻莓野櫻莓科学分类界 植物界 Plantae演化支 维管植物 Tracheophyta演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms演化支 真双子叶植物 Eudicots演化支 蔷薇类植物 Rosids目 蔷薇目 Rosales科 蔷薇科 Rosaceae属 涩石楠属 Aronia Medik 种 野櫻莓 A melanocarpa二名法Aronia melanocarpa野櫻莓果實 目录 1 特征和分類 2 產品及用途 3 营养 4 ORAC 5 初步研究 6 參見 7 參考文獻 8 延伸閱讀 9 外部連結特征和分類 编辑葉彼此互生 針形 圓齒和羽脈狀 到了秋天樹葉會變成暗紅色 黑色的毛狀出現在葉中脈的表面 花很小 有5個花瓣和5個萼片 並且在10 25傘狀花序 果實是一個小梨果 具有非常澀的味道 野櫻莓產於北美洲東部 有兩個著名的品種 其果色為紅色 黑色 紫色的野櫻莓是其原產地兩者自然雜交而成 紅色的野櫻莓 通常高度為2 4公尺 葉子底部寬5 8 花為白色或淡粉色 寬約1厘米 果實為紅色 4 10毫米寬 產至到冬天 黑色的野櫻莓 略小 高度幾乎超過1公尺高 葉子較小 不超過6厘米寬 花是白色 寬1 5厘米 無毛與萼片 果實為黑色 6 9毫米寬 沒有產至冬天 紫色的野櫻莓 果實為暗紫色偏黑色 7 10毫米的寬度 產至冬天 植物學家艾倫 威克利認為這是一種全面的物種 而不是混合紅色 黑色野櫻莓 nbsp 野櫻莓花產品及用途 编辑野櫻莓耐乾旱 蟲害 污染和疾病 波蘭將野櫻莓乾燥 與草藥茶 黑醋栗混合 野櫻莓也常被用作香料或著色劑的飲料或酸奶 野櫻莓成熟漿果果汁有點澀 略帶點甜 中度含糖量 微酸 低pH值 漿果有獨特的風味 除了作為果汁外 也可以用來作烤麵包的添加物 在美國和加拿大 野櫻莓漿果則被用於果汁產品 主要的銷售特點是它的抗氧化性能 营养 编辑野櫻莓黑色的色素沉著是來自密集的多酚含量 尤其是花青素 總多酚含量為每100克新鮮果實1752毫克 花青素含量為每100克1480毫克 而原花青素濃度為每100克664毫克 來源請求 野櫻莓也含有對人體有益礦物質和維生素 即 維生素B6 B12 E C 葉酸 奎寧酸 多酚酸 單寧 兒茶素 槲黃素 芸香素 橙皮苷 白藜蘆醇 等等 ORAC 编辑在抗氧化強度的標準測量中 氧自由基吸收能力和抗氧化能力指數 ORAC 野櫻莓是所有水果中數值最高的 每100克含16 062 micromoles of Trolox Eq 其原因為野櫻莓所富含的花青素和原花青素 這也許可以解釋其所帶有的澀味 來源請求 初步研究 编辑野櫻莓的潛在機能可以降低造成疾病的風險 來源請求 包括 降低血液中的膽固醇 結直腸癌 心血管疾病 慢性炎症 胃粘膜疾病 消化性潰瘍 眼球炎 葡萄膜炎 肝功能衰竭 抗粘連性能 乳腺癌 高血壓 宮頸癌 免疫調節作用參見 编辑水果 水果列表參考文獻 编辑Potter D et al 2007 Phylogeny and classification of Rosaceae Plant Systematics and Evolution 266 1 2 5 43 Photinia melanocarpa Michx K R Robertson amp Phipps USDA PLANTS Photinia floribunda USDA PLANTS A A Reznicek E G Voss and B S Walters February 2011 Michigan Flora Online University of Michigan Retrieved 2013 11 29 Mark Brand 2010 Aronia Native Shrubs With Untapped Potential Arnoldia 67 3 14 25 USDA GRIN entry for Aronia USDA GRIN Taxonomy distribution entry for Aronia prunifolia Everhart Eldon March 4 2009 Aronia A New Crop for Iowa Retrieved May 24 2013 Prunus virginiana L var melanocarpa A Nelson Sarg black chokecherry United States Department of Agriculture Prunus virginiana melanocarpa Black Chokecherry Robertson K R J B Phipps J R Rohrer and P G Smith 1991 A synopsis of genera in Maloideae Rosaceae Systematic Botany 16 376 394 Kalkman C 2004 Rosaceae In The families and genera of vascular plants Edited by K Kubitzki Springer Berlin pp 343 386 isbn 3 540 06512 1 in Google books page 377 Alan S Weakley April 2008 Flora of the Carolinas Virginia and Georgia and Surrounding Areas Campbell C S R C Evans D R Morgan T A Dickinson and M P Arsenault 2007 Phylogeny of subtribe Pyrinae formerly the Maloideae Rosaceae Limited resolution of a complex evolutionary history Pl Syst Evol 266 119 145 doi 10 1007 s00606 007 0545 y Sennikov A N Phipps J B 2013 Atlas Florae Europaeae notes 19 22 Nomenclatural changes and taxonomic adjustments in some native and introduced species of Malinae Rosaceae in Europe Willdenowia Annals of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin Dahlem 43 1 33 44 doi 10 3372 wi 43 43104 James W Hardin May Jun 1973 The Enigmatic Chokeberries Aronia Rosaceae Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 100 3 178 184 doi 10 2307 2484630 JSTOR 2484630 Steven A McKay March 17 2004 Demand increasing for aronia and elderberry in North America New York Berry News 3 11 Skupien K Oszmianski J 2007 The effect of mineral fertilization on nutritive value and biological activity of chokeberry fruit Agric Food Sci 16 46 55 Retrieved 7 March 2014 Total polyphenols in black chokeberry http www phenol explorer eu 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Phenol Explorer 2014 Retrieved 27 March 2014 Wu X Gu L Prior RL McKay S 2004 Characterization of 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Aronia melanocarpa polyphenol components using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry Overall contribution to antioxidant activity Food Chemistry 146 1 5 doi 10 1016 j foodchem 2013 09 029 PMID 24176305 edit Ipatova O M Prozorovskaia N N Rusina I F Prozorovskiĭ V N 2003 Antioxidant properties of a leaf extract from Aronia Aronia melanocarba containing proanthocyanidins Biomeditsinskaia khimiia 49 2 165 76 PMID 14565080 edit Anthocyanins FAQ MadSci Network 2014 Retrieved 1 April 2014 Neveu V et al 2010 Phenol Explorer an online comprehensive database on polyphenol contents in foods Centre de Recherche de Clermont Ferrand France doi 10 1093 database bap024 Retrieved 7 March 2014 Taheri R Connolly B A Brand M H Bolling B W 2013 Underutilized chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa Aronia arbutifolia Aronia prunifolia accessions are rich sources of anthocyanins flavonoids hydroxycinnamic acids and proanthocyanidins Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 61 36 8581 8 doi 10 1021 jf402449q PMID 23941506 edit Gross P 2009 New Roles for Polyphenols A 3 Part report on Current Regulations amp the State of Science Nutraceuticals World Rodman Media Retrieved April 11 2013 Kim B Ku C S Pham T X Park Y Martin D A Xie L Taheri R Lee J Bolling B W 2013 Aronia melanocarpa chokeberry polyphenol rich extract improves antioxidant function and reduces total plasma cholesterol in apolipoprotein E knockout mice Nutrition Research 33 5 406 413 doi 10 1016 j nutres 2013 03 001 PMID 23684442 edit Lala G Malik M Zhao C He J Kwon Y Giusti M M amp Magnuson B A 2006 Anthocyanin rich extracts inhibit multiple biomarkers of colon cancer in rats Nutr Cancer 54 1 84 93 doi 10 1207 s15327914nc5401 10 PMID 16800776 Bell D R amp Gochenaur K 2006 Direct vasoactive and vasoprotective properties of anthocyanin rich extracts J Appl Physiol 100 4 1164 70 doi 10 1152 japplphysiol 00626 2005 PMID 16339348 Jump up Han G L Li C M Mazza G amp Yang X G 2005 Effect of anthocyanin rich fruit extract on PGE2 produced by endothelial cells Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 34 5 581 4 PMID 16329602 Jump up Valcheva Kuzmanova S Marazova K Krasnaliev I Galunska B Borisova P amp Belcheva A 2005 Effect of Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice on indomethacin induced gastric mucosal damage and oxidative stress in rats Exp Toxicol Pathol 56 6 385 92 doi 10 1016 j etp 2005 01 001 PMID 15945278 Ohgami K Ilieva I Shiratori K Koyama Y Jin X H Yoshida K Kase S Kitaichi N Suzuki Y Tanaka T Ohno S 2005 Anti inflammatory effects of aronia extract on rat endotoxin induced uveitis Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46 1 275 81 doi 10 1167 iovs 04 0715 PMID 15623784 Valcheva Kuzmanova S Borisova P Galunska B Krasnaliev I Belcheva A 2004 Hepatoprotective effect of the natural fruit juice from Aronia melanocarpa on carbon tetrachloride induced acute liver damage in rats Exp Toxicol Pathol 56 3 195 201 doi 10 1016 j etp 2004 04 012 PMID 15625789 Olas B Wachowicz B Nowak P Kedzierska M Tomczak A Stochmal A Oleszek W Jeziorski A Piekarski J 2008 Studies on antioxidant properties of polyphenol rich extract from berries of Aronia melanocarpa in blood platelets Journal of physiology and pharmacology an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society 59 4 823 35 PMID 19212014 edit Kedzierska M Olas B Wachowicz B Stochmal A Oleszek W Jeziorski A Piekarski J Glowacki R 2009 An extract from berries of Aronia melanocarpa modulates the generation of superoxide anion radicals in blood platelets from breast cancer patients Planta Medica 75 13 1405 9 doi 10 1055 s 0029 1185718 PMID 19444773 edit Ciocoiu M Badescu L Miron A Badescu M 2013 The involvement of a polyphenol rich extract of black chokeberry in oxidative stress on experimental arterial hypertension Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 912769 doi 10 1155 2013 912769 PMC 3600185 PMID 23533529 edit Rugină D Sconţa Z Leopold L Pintea A Bunea A Socaciu C 2012 Antioxidant activities of chokeberry extracts and the cytotoxic action of their anthocyanin fraction on He La human cervical tumor cells Journal of Medicinal Food 15 8 700 6 doi 10 1089 jmf 2011 0246 PMC 3407391 PMID 22846076 edit Xu J Mojsoska B 2013 The immunomodulation effect of Aronia extract lacks association with its antioxidant anthocyanins Journal of Medicinal Food 16 4 334 42 doi 10 1089 jmf 2012 0151 PMID 23566059 edit延伸閱讀 编辑Aronia The North American super berry with cancer fighting properties 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 by Chris Kilham Fox News June 7 2013外部連結 编辑Hortnet Aronia melanocarpa Plant of the Month 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 野櫻莓 amp oldid 70882678, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，

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