维基百科
单倍群C-M130
单倍群C-M130(英語:Haplogroup C-M130)是人类Y染色体DNA单倍群之一,与单倍群F同为单倍群CF的两个支系之一。
起源与分布
单倍群C大约于距今6万年前出现,应在M168突变发生后不久。现今该单倍群广泛分布于东南亚、中亚、西伯利亚、美洲、大洋洲的原始族群这中,其两个主要支系为C-F3393(C1)与C-M217(C2)。
单倍群C-F3393,也称为C1,分为C1a和C1b两支。C1a1(C-M8)主要分布在日本人中,在尼泊尔、韩国济州岛、亚美尼亚人、卡拜尔人以及中国辽宁的人群中都只发现过单个样本。C-V20(C1a2)在旧石器时代的欧洲人和少量现代欧洲人中有发现。C-M356(C1b1a1)主要分佈於南亞,C-B65(C1b1a2)分佈於和平文化古人和現代東南亞和東亞南部人群,C-M38(C1b2a)是太平洋島嶼人群的主要單倍群之一,C-M347(C1b2b)在澳洲原住民中呈高頻分佈,在巴布亞人中也有分佈。
单倍群C-M217,也称为C2,起源于东南亚/东亚或中亚,此后从东至西已从中欧、土耳其遍及至美洲的哥伦比亚与委内瑞拉的瓦尤人,从北向南则从阿拉斯加的阿撒巴斯卡人一直到马来群岛都有出现。其主要分C2b和C2c两支,C2b-L1373的下游支系主要分布在蒙古族、卡尔梅克族、达斡尔族、鄂伦春族、鄂温克族、鄂温族、尼夫赫族、哈萨克族、哈扎拉族等,还分出一支C2b1a1a-P39,主要分布于美洲,C2c-F1067的下游支系主要分布在布里亚特族、汉族、朝鲜族、苗族、土家族、侗族、瑶族、白族等。还分出一支C2c2-CTS4660,主要分布于岭南。[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]
系统树
C* (M130/Page51/RPS4Y711, M216)
- C1 F3393
- C1a CTS11043
- C1a1 M8
- C1a1a P121
- C1a1a1 CTS9336
- C1a1a1a CTS6678 Japan, South Korea (Seoul)
- C1a1a1b Z1356 Japan
- C1a1a2 Z45460 China (Liaoning)
- C1a1a1 CTS9336
- C1a1a P121
- C1a2 (previously C6) V20
- C1a2a V182
- C1a2a1 V222 United Kingdom, Italy (Calabria), Greece, Hungary (Austrian Empire), Ukraine
- C1a2a2 Z29329 Spain, Poland
- C1a2b Z38888 Algeria, Armenians
- C1a2a V182
- C1a1 M8
- C1b F1370
- C1b1 K281
- C1b1a B66/Z16458
- C1b1a1(原名 C5) M356
- C1b1a2 B65
- C1b1a B66/Z16458
- C1b2 B477/Z31885
- C1b2a(原名 C2) M38
- C1b2a1 M208
- C1b2a1a P33
- C1b2a1b P54
- C1b2a1 M208
- C1b2b(原名 C4) M347
- C1b2b1 M210
- C1b2a(原名 C2) M38
- C1b1 K281
- C1a CTS11043
- C2(原名 C3) M217
- C2a M93
- C2b L1373/F1396
- C2b1
- C2b1a
- C2b1a1
- C2b1a1a P39
- C2b1a1
- C2b1b(原名 C3c) M48
- C2b1a
- C2b1
- C2c C-P53.1
- C2d P62
- C2e F2613/Z1338
- C2e1
- C2e1a
- C2e1a1a M407
- C2e1a
- C2e1
- 其他:
参见
参考文献
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- ^ . [2017-04-07]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-15).
- ^ ISOGG, 2015 "Y-DNA Haplogroup C and its Subclades – 2015" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (15 September 2015).
- ^ Xue Y, Zerjal T, Bao W, et al. Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times. Genetics. April 2006, 172 (4): 2431–9. PMC 1456369 . PMID 16489223. doi:10.1534/genetics.105.054270.
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- ^ Tajima, Atsushi; Hayami, Masanori; Tokunaga, Katsushi; Juji, T; Matsuo, M; Marzuki, S; Omoto, K; Horai, S. Genetic origins of the Ainu inferred from combined DNA analyses of maternal and paternal lineages. Journal of Human Genetics. 2004, 49 (4): 187–193. PMID 14997363. doi:10.1007/s10038-004-0131-x.
- ^ Sengupta S, Zhivotovsky LA, King R, et al. Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists. Am. J. Hum. Genet. February 2006, 78 (2): 202–21 [2017-04-07]. PMC 1380230 . PMID 16400607. doi:10.1086/499411. (原始内容于2018-06-30).
- ^ Lell JT, Sukernik RI, Starikovskaya YB, et al. . Am. J. Hum. Genet. January 2002, 70 (1): 192–206 [2017-04-07]. PMC 384887 . PMID 11731934. doi:10.1086/338457. (原始内容存档于2019-06-23).
- ^ Wells RS, Yuldasheva N, Ruzibakiev R, et al. The Eurasian heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. August 2001, 98 (18): 10244–9. PMC 56946 . PMID 11526236. doi:10.1073/pnas.171305098.
- ^ Nasidze I, Quinque D, Dupanloup I, Cordaux R, Kokshunova L, Stoneking M. Genetic evidence for the Mongolian ancestry of Kalmyks. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. December 2005, 128 (4): 846–54. PMID 16028228. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20159.
- ^ Tumonggor, Meryanne K; Karafet, Tatiana M; Downey, Sean; et al. Isolation, contact and social behavior shaped genetic diversity in West Timor. Journal of Human Genetics. 2014, 59 (9): 1–10. PMC 4521296 . PMID 25078354. doi:10.1038/jhg.2014.62.
- ^ Scheinfeldt, L.; Friedlaender, F; Friedlaender, J; Latham, K; Koki, G; Karafet, T; Hammer, M; Lorenz, J. Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 2006, 23 (8): 1628–41. PMID 16754639. doi:10.1093/molbev/msl028.