早在1985年,Jeffrey N. Cuzzi和Jeffrey D. Scargle就依據恩克環縫明顯是受到引力擾動的鋸齒狀邊緣預測環縫內有衛星[4]。在1986年,Showalter 等人依據重力強度模式推測其軌道和質量。他們得到非常準確的預測,軌道半長軸是133,603 ± 10公里,質量是土星質量的5–10×10−12,並且推斷恩克環縫內只有單獨一顆衛星[5]。與實際的半長軸差距只有19公里,而精確的質量是土星的8.6×10−12。
^Jacobson, R. A.; et al. Revised orbits of Saturn's small inner satellites. Astronomical Journal. 2008, 135 (1): 261–263. Bibcode:2008AJ....135..261J. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/135/1/261. 引文格式1维护:显式使用等标签 (link)
^ 2.02.12.2P.C. Thomas. Sizes, shapes, and derived properties of the saturnian satellites after the Cassini nominal mission. Icarus: 395–401. [2018-04-02]. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.01.025. (原始内容于2020-08-02).
^IAUC 5052: Saturn (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) July 16, 1990 (discovery)
^Cuzzi, J. N.; and Scargle, J. D.; Wavy Edges Suggest Moonlet in Encke's Gap (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 292 (May 1, 1985), pp. 276–290
^Showalter, M. R.; et al. Satellite "wakes" and the orbit of the Encke Gap moonlet. Icarus. 1986, 66 (2): 297. Bibcode:1986Icar...66..297S. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(86)90160-0. 引文格式1维护:显式使用等标签 (link)
^Showalter, M. R. Visual Detection of 1981 S 13, the Encke Gap Moonlet. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 1990, 22: 1031 [2013-10-14]. (原始内容于2020-08-02).
^Showalter, M. R. Visual detection of 1981 S 13, Saturn's eighteenth satellite, and its role in the Encke gap. Nature. 1991, 351 (6329): 709. Bibcode:1991Natur.351..709S. doi:10.1038/351709a0.
^"PIA08320: Cruising with Pan" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Planetary Photojournal.
^IAUC 5347: Satellites of Saturn and Neptune (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) 1991 September 16 (naming the moon)
^Planet and Satellite Names and Discoverers. Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. USGS Astrogeology. July 21, 2006 [2006-08-07]. (原始内容存档于2012-10-15).