2028年夏季奥林匹克运动会
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| 本文記述一項将要举行的体育事件。 |
第三十四屆夏季奥林匹克運動會（英語：the Games of the XXXIV Olympiad，法語：les Jeux de la XXXIVe Olympiade），一般稱為LA28或2028洛杉磯奧運，將於2028年7月14日至7月30日在美國洛杉磯舉行。
其中一個會徽。本次奧運會會徽共有20多種變體 | |
| 主辦城市 | 美國洛杉磯 |
|---|---|
| 口號 | Follow the Sun（追隨陽光） |
| 開幕典禮 | 2028年7月14日[1] |
| 閉幕典禮 | 2028年7月30日[1] |
| 主體育場 | 洛杉磯紀念體育場 好萊塢公園洛杉磯體育場 |
| 夏季奥运会 | |
| 冬季奥运会 | |
| 2028年夏季奥林匹克运动会开幕 |
| 美國洛杉矶 － 2028年7月14日 |
| 距今还有1982天 |
| 以当地时间计算 |
| 如发现倒数时间不准确，请点击此处刷新 |
國際奥委會於2017年7月於瑞士洛桑舉行的第130次全會中決定，將於同年9月在秘魯利馬舉行的國際奧委會第130次全體會議上連同2024年奧運會主辦地決定主辦權，獲得主辦權的兩個城市再進行協商以決定先後舉辦的順序[2][3]。打破以往在每屆的7年前才決定主辦城市的慣例。
2017年7月11日，国际奥委会决定以投票同时选出2024年和2028年奥运会的举办城市，两座城市同时获得奥运会举办权。洛杉矶、巴黎和国际奥委会将在全会结束后立刻进行三方谈判，寻求敲定一份“三方协议”，通过谈判来决定举办奥运会的先后顺序（但仍可能改變，例如其中一方僅保證進入來次決選）。
2017年7月31日，经过洛杉矶与巴黎协商决定：由巴黎举办2024年夏季奥林匹克运动会，洛杉矶举办2028年夏季奥林匹克运动会。[4]此舉使洛杉矶成為繼2012年倫敦奧運及2024年巴黎奧運後，第三個成功三度举行夏季奥运会之城市，也是美國在進入21世紀後首個夏季奧運會及第5個由美國作東道主之夏季奧運會。之後國際奥委會於2017年9月13日在秘魯利馬舉行的第131届国际奥林匹克委员会会议上正式確認這一協商。
申辦過程
举办城市
| 城市 | 國家 | 地區 | 國家奧委會 | 申辦協會網站 | 申辦狀態 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 洛杉磯 | 美國 | 美洲 | 美国奧林匹克委員會 | la28.org（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） | 通過USOC的評選 |
| 据美媒报道，当地时间2015年9月1日，美国奥委会正式宣布，洛杉矶顶替波士顿，正式成为代表美国申办2024年或2028年夏季奥运会和残奥会的城市，該城曾举办过1932年夏季奧林匹克運動會和1984年夏季奧林匹克運動會这两届奥运会。 洛杉矶申办2024年奥运会申办大使有：已去世的篮球巨星科比·布莱恩特、好莱坞巨星兼第88届奥斯卡最佳男主角得主李奧納多·狄卡皮歐、游泳名将麥可·菲爾普斯、流行歌手凱蒂·佩芮、著名导演斯蒂芬·斯皮尔伯格、苹果公司CEO提姆·库克、耐克CEO马克·帕克、NBC环球总裁史蒂夫·博科、2016年诺贝尔文学奖得主巴布·狄倫、美国前总统比尔·克林顿、好莱坞影星兼第73届威尼斯电影节最佳女主角得主艾玛·史東、著名体操运动员西蒙·拜尔斯、著名导演达米恩·查泽雷。 | |||||
籌備
場地建設與翻新
While most host cities have seven years to prepare for the Olympic Games, Los Angeles will get an additional four, giving the city eleven years. The Los Angeles bid relied on a majority of existing venues; other venues that are already under construction or were planned regardless of the Games. Banc of California Stadium, which opened in 2018 as the home of Major League Soccer's Los Angeles FC, will host football (soccer) and several events in athletics. SoFi Stadium (which will be named as Los Angeles Olympic Stadium during the Games[來源請求]), which opened in 2020 as the home of the NFL's Los Angeles Rams and Los Angeles Chargers, will host the main opening ceremony, football, and archery. Around the time when Los Angeles won its bid, the Los Angeles Clippers proposed building a new arena in Inglewood. However, this venue has not yet been approved and has yet to be mentioned as a potential Olympic venue.[5][6]
The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum underwent a major renovation and restoration program from 2017 to 2019.[7] A new press box, loge boxes, and club seats were installed.[8] This reduced stadium capacity from 93,607 to 78,467.[9] As the track and field venue, future renovations include the re-installation of an athletics track.
基礎設施
The Twenty-eight by '28 initiative is an effort set forth by Mayor Eric Garcetti that the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority complete 28 transit infrastructure projects before the start of the games.[10] Most of these projects were already in the planning stages but will receive accelerated priority, while several new projects were programmed with the initiative.
As of 2019, the K Line light rail had been expected to open and be fully completed by 2021; revenue operation has since been delayed to late 2022. It will link the Crenshaw District, Inglewood and Westchester once completed. The K line will also connect to a people mover being constructed to link Los Angeles International Airport with the Aviation/96th Street station. The construction of the people mover will be expedited in anticipation of the 2028 Olympics, with a completion date of 2023 being set.[11] The LAX people mover started construction in early 2018 and the K Line is currently 99.5% completed (as of January 2022).[12] The Inglewood Transit Connector is another people mover planned to provide transportation between the K line and the Olympic venues in Inglewood.
While various infrastructure improvements were planned regardless of the outcome of the Los Angeles Olympic bid, the extension of the Metro D Line will be expedited to serve the 2028 Olympics. Three phases were created to extend the line. The first phase will extend the D Line from the Wilshire/Western station to the new Wilshire/La Cienega station. This phase will be completed by 2023. The second phase will extend the D Line to Century City by 2025, while the third and final phase will extend the line to the West Los Angeles VA Medical Center in Westwood with a completion date set for 2026. The third phase will also include a station adjoining the UCLA campus, connecting the Olympic village and Pauley Pavilion with venues in downtown Los Angeles.[13][14] Currently phase one, two and three broke ground and are under construction. Phase 3 did not have a "ground breaking ceremony", but did receive its federal funding grants in February 2020. Construction began in 2019 and remains on schedule.[13][15][16]
The Regional Connector in downtown Los Angeles will be complete in 2022. The project will connect the Metro E Line, which already links venues in Downtown Santa Monica to venues at Exposition Park and in downtown Los Angeles, to the Metro L Line. This will allow for direct rail service between Santa Monica and East Los Angeles. The Regional Connector will also link the Metro A Line with the Metro L Line, connecting the Long Beach area and San Gabriel Valley via downtown.[17][18]
These infrastructure improvements, among others, are being funded by "Measure R", a temporary half-cent sales tax increase, and "Measure M", a continuation of Measure R's tax increase plus an additional permanent half-cent sales tax increase, both tax measures applicable to Los Angeles County.[19] Measure R was approved by voters in November 2008 and Measure M was approved by voters in November 2016.[19]
預算
In April 2019, the estimated cost of the Games was assessed as being approximately $6.88 billion with all the money coming from the private sector, although the Los Angeles city council and state of California legislators have agreed to serve as a "financial backstop." The organizers adjusted the budget for inflation after LA, which originally bid for the 2024 Games, agreed to wait four more years.[20][21]
The City of Los Angeles is the lead public guarantor, committing to spend up to $250 million to cover shortfalls. In 2016, the California legislature took action so that the Governor is empowered to negotiate the next $250 million in public backup, but only after the city backup money has been used first. LA 2024 also agreed to purchase a wide range of insurance policies, including natural disaster, terrorism, event cancellation, as well as reduced ticket sales. The games are expected to generate as much as they cost, with $2.5 billion coming in through sponsorships and nearly $2 billion earned through ticket sales. Average ticket prices for the games will range between $13 and $457 (in 2016 dollars).[21]
The federal government will designate the Olympics a National Special Security Event (NSSE) in which the US Secret Service heads a single chain of command.[21] The US federal government will also cover the cost of security, with an agreement signed by the LA organizing committee and Department of Homeland Security in February 2020. The federal government will not be involved in the Games' funding, covering only security costs.[22]
比賽場地
Under present IOC policy, venues with corporate naming rights will not be allowed to use their sponsored name during the Olympics.[23]
Sports parks
There will be four “sports parks” throughout the city to host events at existing, temporary, and planned venues, as well as venues already under construction. The most prominent of the four locations will be the Downtown Sports Park, which will host events at various venues in Downtown Los Angeles. The Downtown Sports Park will host events including swimming, diving, football, badminton, road cycling, fencing, taekwondo and basketball at Los Angeles City Hall and Grand Park, the Los Angeles Convention Center, Crypto.com Arena, Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, and the campus of the University of Southern California. In addition to sporting events, the Downtown Sports Park will also host the Main Press Center, Media Village, and Olympic Family Hotels, and serve as the venue for the Opening and Closing Ceremonies.[24]
Additional sports parks include the Valley Sports Park, South Bay Sports Park, and the Long Beach Sports Park.[24]
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum Olympic Cauldron | Night view of Crypto.com Arena | Banc of California Stadium |
市區體育公園
| 體育場館 | 競技項目 | 容納人數 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 加州銀行體育場 | 足球（预赛、四分之一决赛，女子铜牌赛） | 22,000 | 現有 |
| 田徑（鐵餅、標槍、鏈球） | 20,000 | ||
| 加密貨幣網體育館 | 籃球（男子預賽、決賽） | 18,000 | |
| 德德克斯球場 | 游泳、跳水、花樣游泳 | 現有，臨時改建 | |
| 菲格罗亚街[25] | 藝術區（非比賽場館） | — | 臨時 |
| 蓋倫中心 | 羽毛球 | 10,300 | 現有 |
| 格蘭德公園 | 馬拉松 | 5,000 | |
| 競走 | |||
| 公路自行車 | |||
| 洛杉磯會展中心 | 拳擊 | ||
| 籃球（女子預賽） | 8,000 | ||
| 擊劍 | 7,000 | ||
| 跆拳道 | |||
| 乒乓球 | 5,000 | ||
| 洛杉磯紀念體育場 | 田徑（鐵餅、標槍、鏈球除外） | 77,500 | |
| 開幕典禮、閉幕典禮 | |||
| 微軟劇場 | 舉重 | ||
| 南加州大學公園村特區 | 媒體新聞中心、國際轉播中心（非比賽場館） | — |
山谷體育公園
| 體育場館 | 競技項目 | 容納人數 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 塞普爾維達盆地公園 | 獨木舟激流 | 8,000 | 新建 |
| 馬術 | 15,000 | 臨時 | |
| 射擊 | 3,000 |
南灣區體育公園
| 體育場館 | 競技項目 | 容納人數 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 尊嚴健康體育公園足球場 | Rugby | 30,000 | 現有 |
| 現代五項 | |||
| 尊嚴健康體育公園網球場 | 網球 | 10,000 | |
| 尊嚴健康體育公園田徑場 | 曲棍球 | 15,000 (主要場地) 5,000 (次要場地) | |
| VELO體育中心 | 場地自行車 | 6,000 |
長灘體育公園
| 體育場館 | 競技項目 | 容納人數 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 長堤港 | 小輪車 | 6,000 | 臨時 |
| 水球 | 8,000 | ||
| 铁人三项 | 2,000 | 現有 | |
| 開放水域游泳 | |||
| 長灘體育館 | 手球 | 12,000 | |
| 貝爾蒙特退伍軍人紀念碼頭 | 帆船 | 6,000 |
洛杉磯縣西邊區
| 體育場館 | 競技項目 | 容納人數 | 狀態 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 聖莫尼卡海灘與威尼斯海灘 | 沙灘排球 | 12,000 | 臨時 |
| 滑板 | 10,000 | 現有 | |
| 衝浪 | 8,000 | ||
| 三對三籃球 | – | ||
| 里維埃拉鄉村俱樂部 | 高爾夫 | 30,000 | |
| 加利福尼亞大學洛杉磯分校 | 選手村（非比賽場館） | 不適用 | |
| 保利體育館 | 摔跤 | 12,500 | |
| 柔道 | |||
| SoFi體育場 | 開幕儀式、閉幕儀式 | 70,000–100,000 | |
| 足球（男子四分之一決賽/決賽、女子半決賽） | |||
| 射箭 | 8,000 | ||
| 論壇體育館 | 體操 | 17,000 |
南加州區
| 體育場館 | 位置 | 競技項目 | 容納人數 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 玫瑰盃球場 | 帕薩迪納 | 足球（女子四分之一決賽/決賽、男子半決賽/銅牌賽） | 92,000 | 現有 |
| 佩里斯湖 | 河濱縣 | 輕艇靜水 | 12,000 | |
| 賽艇 | ||||
| 弗蘭克·G·博內利地區公園 | 圣迪马斯 | 山地自行車 | 3,000 | 臨時 |
| 道奇體育場 | 洛杉磯 | 棒球、壘球 (等待國際奧委會批准) | 56,000 | 現有 |
| 天使球場 | 安那翰 | 45,000 | ||
| 本田中心 | 排球 | 18,000 | ||
| 好萊塢環球影城 | 環球市 | 媒體新聞中心、國際轉播中心（非比賽場館）[26] | – |
足球場館
- 洛杉矶县赛区
- 舊金山灣區賽區
- 聖迭戈縣賽區
- 驍龍體育場：小組賽
賽事
比賽項目
Under current IOC policies, the program of the Summer Olympics consists of 28 "core" sports that persist between Games, with other slots able to be filled with backing of the IOC and organizing committee in order to improve local interest,[27][28] provided that the total number of participants does not exceed 10,500 athletes.[29]
On December 9, 2021, the IOC stated that boxing, modern pentathlon, and weightlifting had been removed from the "initial" program for the 2028 Summer Olympics, and would only be included if their respective governing bodies resolve issues raised by the IOC by 2023.[30] In particular, the International Boxing Association (AIBA) has faced ongoing governance issues (which resulted in boxing at the 2020 Summer Olympics being overseen by an external task force),[31] the International Weightlifting Federation has faced issues with doping and governance (resulting in weightlifting being considered "provisional" for the 2024 Summer Olympics),[31] while the Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne (UIPM) must also finalize and seek approval for their proposed replacement of show jumping in the modern pentathlon.[32]
Additionally, the IOC executive board has proposed that skateboarding, sport climbing, and surfing be promoted to the core program of the 2028 Summer Olympics; the three sports successfully debuted as discretionary events at the 2020 Summer Olympics, and are expected to return in the same capacity in 2024.[32][33]
| 2028年夏季奧林匹克運動會比賽項目 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
選辦項目
2022年8月，宣布有9個運動項目入圍選辦項目，預計將在當月晚些時候進行展示[34][35]。 它們包括:
- 板球 (國際板球理事會)
- 霹靂舞 (世界運動舞蹈總會)
- 棒球/壘球 (世界棒壘球聯盟)
- 腰旗美式足球 (國際美式足球總會)
- 袋棍球 (國際袋棍球總會)
- 空手道 (世界空手道聯盟)
- 踢拳 (世界踢拳總會)
- 壁球 (世界壁球總會)
- 賽車 (國際汽車聯盟)
開閉幕式
據報導，2017 年 1 月，申辦委員會提議在 SoFi 體育場和歷史悠久的洛杉磯紀念體育館舉行開幕式和閉幕式，以便證明於 1932 年和 1984 年奧運會中的歷史見證。 該計劃稱火炬傳遞的最後一站將從體育館正式啟動，同時在 SoFi 體育場為參與者提供開幕式提供同步直播，以及在聖火在體育場重新點燃俱有歷史意義的奧運聖火在英格伍德點亮。 閉幕式將反向方式進行，開幕式則在 SoFi 體育場舉行，官方儀式則在體育館舉行。 該提議是史無前例的，這將標誌著開幕式和閉幕式中將會在兩個主要場館同時進行。 最終計劃正在等待國際奧委會的批准。[36]
宣傳
會徽
美国当地时间2020年9月1日，洛杉矶2028奥运会组委会发布了2028洛杉矶奥运会与残奥会会徽，正式开启迈向2028年的旅程。此系列一共26个全新的会徽，通过运动员、艺术家和倡言人共同的声音，来歌颂运动、艺术以及洛杉矶社区，展现洛杉矶所代表的无限可能，以及创造力、多元化、自我展现和兼容并蓄。 此次奥运会与残奥会会徽专为数字时代而打造，反映了洛杉矶的精神，为使随后8年的历程保持新鲜感，醒目的字母L和数字28是会徽的基础，通过动态且不断变化的的字母A来表达这所城市不同的故事。而是次會徵設計的參與者包括男子攀石運動員納撒尼爾·科爾曼、女子衝浪運動員嘉莉莎·摩亞、女子滑板運動員絲佳·布朗、女子短跑運動員艾麗森·菲利克斯、男子田徑運動員史葛·巴西特、女子單板滑雪運動員克洛伊·金、The Hundreds聯合創始人兼CCO波比·亨德斯、歌手怪奇比莉、塗鴉藝術家查斯·包若克、女子足球員亞歷絲·摩根、男子殘疾田徑運動員萊克斯·吉萊特、墨西哥速食店商人祖·艾華茲、男子游泳運動員賈馬爾·希爾、前男子田徑運動員麥可·詹森、奧斯卡金像影后女星麗絲·韋達絲潘、視覺藝術家史提芬·夏靈頓、女子游泳運動員西蒙娜·曼努埃爾、捐贈平台Swipe Out Hunger創辦人麗素·蘇米克、男子殘疾單車動員奧斯·山卓士、著名殘疾女演員勞倫·「露露」·史賓莎、女子劍擊運動員伊布蒂哈吉·穆罕默德、著名紋身師Dr. Woo、著名藝術家艾力斯·以沙維、社區負責人高坂亞登、男子花樣滑冰運動員亞當·里彭、女子體操運動員加布麗埃勒·道格拉斯、加拿大藉YouTube紅人兼女演員莉莉·辛格、男子跳高殘疾運動員以斯拉·費治以及女子拳擊運動員錢特爾·拉華露。
奖牌
吉祥物
口号
体育项目图标
海報
贊助商
轉播商
參見
- 2028年夏季残疾人奥林匹克运动会
- 舉辦於美國的奧運會
- 1904年夏季奥林匹克运动会 – 聖路易
- 1932年夏季奥林匹克运动会 – 洛杉磯
- 1932年冬季奥林匹克运动会 – 普萊西德湖
- 1960年冬季奥林匹克运动会 – 斯闊谷
- 1980年冬季奥林匹克运动会 – 普萊西德湖
- 1984年夏季奥林匹克运动会 – 洛杉磯
- 1996年夏季奥林匹克运动会 – 亞特蘭大
- 2002年冬季奥林匹克运动会 – 鹽湖城
- 2028年夏季奥林匹克运动会 – 洛杉磯
- 凯西·瓦瑟曼 – 洛杉矶奥组委主席
- 舉辦於洛杉磯的其他綜合運動會
- 1972年世界夏季特殊奥林匹克运动会
- 1985年夏季听障奥林匹克运动会
- 2015年世界夏季特殊奥林匹克运动会
参考文献
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