姜黄属

薑黃屬（学名：Curcuma）是薑科下的一个属，为多年生草本植物^[3]。常見的植物有薑黃及薑荷花。该属共有50多种，分布于东南亚、華南地區、印度次大陸、新幾內亞及澳大利亚北部^[4]。 據報部分物種已在這個世界比較溫暖的地區本土化，例如：非洲的熱帶地區、中美洲、北美洲的佛罗里达州及其他位於太平洋、印度洋及大西洋的島嶼上。一般來說，大多數薑黃屬物種在陰涼處的鬆散沙質土壤中生長良好^[2][5]。

姜黄属
Curcuma zedoaria 1896 illustration^[1]
科学分类
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	单子叶植物 Monocots
演化支：	鸭跖草类植物 Commelinids
目：	姜目 Zingiberales
科：	薑科 Zingiberaceae
亚科：	薑亞科 Zingiberoideae
族：	姜花族 Hedychieae
属：	姜黄属 Curcuma L.，1753
模式種
姜黄 Curcuma longa L. (1753)
異名^[2]
Kua Rheede ex Medic. Erndlia Giseke Stissera Giseke 1792, illegitimate homonym not Heist. ex Fabr. 1759 Hitcheniopsis (Baker) Ridl. Paracautleya R.M.Sm.

歷史

薑黃屬的學名源於梵文的kuṅkuma，意思就是薑黃。西元五世紀前後、魏晉南北朝期間，鬱金經西域、中亞再傳入中國，用作香藥。原名音譯自波斯文 Kurkam (كركم)，以 -t 入聲字「鬱」對譯 -r，以 -m 陽聲韻字「金」對譯波斯文 /kam/^[6]。薑黃早在古時就已經為印度人用於醫藥用途^[7]，更常用於為咖喱粉、芥末、黃油及奶酪等食物添色添味，又或替代藏紅花或其他黃色色素的地位^[8]。而在東亞，當地土產本属植物的根茎及膨大的块根大都可供药用：根茎为中药材“姜黄”或“莪术”的商品来源，块根则为“郁金”的来源^[3]。

物種

 

Curcuma euchroma

 

Curcuma inodora

 

A. Bernecker: Curcuma longa

世界植物在线 目前包括：^[9]

• Curcuma achrae Saensouk & Boonma^[10]
• Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.
• 白花姜黄 Curcuma albiflora Thwaites
• 薑荷花 Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep. : Siam tulip
• Curcuma amada Roxb. : mango-ginger
• 极苦姜黄 Curcuma amarissima Roscoe
• Curcuma andersonii (Baker) Škornick.
• Curcuma angustifolia Roxb.
• Curcuma antinaia Chaveer. & Tanee
• Curcuma arida Škornick. & N.S.Lý
• 郁金 Curcuma aromatica Salisb.
  • 温郁金 Curcuma aromatica var. Wenyujin
• Curcuma arracanensis W.J.Kress & V.Gowda
• Curcuma aruna Maknoi & Saensouk^[11]
• Curcuma attenuata Wall. ex Baker
• Curcuma aurantiaca Zijp
• Curcuma australasica Hook.f.
• Curcuma bakeriana Hemsl.
• Curcuma bella Maknoi, K.Larsen & Sirirugsa
• Curcuma bhatii (R.M.Sm.) Škornick. & M.Sabu
• 双色姜黄 Curcuma bicolor Mood & K.Larsen
• Curcuma caesia Roxb.
• Curcuma campanulata (Kuntze) Škornick.
• Curcuma candida (Wall.) Techapr. & Škornick.
• Curcuma cannanorensis R.Ansari, V.J.Nair & N.C.Nair
• Curcuma caulina J.Graham
• Curcuma ceratotheca K.Schum.
• Curcuma chantaranothaii Boonma & Saensouk
• Curcuma charanii Boonma & Saensouk ^[12]
• Curcuma cinnabarina Škorničk. & Soonthornk.^[13]
• Curcuma clovisii Škornick.
• 交趾姜黄 Curcuma cochinchinensis Gagnep.
• Curcuma codonantha Škornick., M.Sabu & Prasanthk.
• Curcuma coerulea K.Schum.
• Curcuma colorata Valeton
• Curcuma comosa Roxb.
• Curcuma coriacea Mangaly & M.Sabu
• Curcuma corniculata Škornick.^[14]
• Curcuma cotuana Luu, Škornick. & H.Ð.Tran^[15]
• Curcuma decipiens Dalzell
• Curcuma eburnea Škorničk., Suksathan & Soonthornk.^[13]
• Curcuma ecomata Craib
• Curcuma elata Roxb.
• Curcuma euchroma Valeton
• 细莪术 Curcuma exigua N.Liu
• Curcuma ferruginea Roxb.
• Curcuma flammea kornick.^[14]
• 黄花姜黄 Curcuma flaviflora S.Q.Tong^[11]
• Curcuma glans K.Larsen & Mood
• Curcuma glauca (Wall.) Škornick.
• Curcuma gracillima Gagnep.
• Curcuma graminifolia (K.Larsen & Jenjitt.) Škornick.
• Curcuma grandiflora Wall. ex Baker
• 古林箐姜黄 Curcuma gulinqingensis N.H.Xia & Juan Chen
• Curcuma haritha Mangaly & M.Sabu
• Curcuma harmandii Gagnep.
• Curcuma heyneana Valeton & Zijp
• Curcuma ignea Ruchis. & Jenjitt.^[16]
• Curcuma inodora Blatt.
• Curcuma involucrata (King ex Baker) Škornick.
• Curcuma kakchingense Bidyaleima, Kishor & Sharma^[17]
• Curcuma karnatakensis Amalraj, Velay. & Mural.
• Curcuma kayahensis Nob.Tanaka & M.M.Aung
• Curcuma kudagensis Velay., V.S.Pillai & Amalraj
• 广西莪术 Curcuma kwangsiensis S.G.Lee & C.F.Liang
• Curcuma larsenii Maknoi & Jenjitt.
• Curcuma latiflora Valeton
• Curcuma latifolia Roscoe
• Curcuma leonidii Škornick. & Luu identified at 布亞摩國家公園^[18]
• Curcuma leucorrhiza Roxb.
• Curcuma lindstromii Škorničk. & Soonthornk.^[19]
• Curcuma lithophila Škorničk. & Soonthornk.^[20]
• Curcuma loerzingii Valeton
• 薑黃 Curcuma longa L. : turmeric - 模式种
• Curcuma longispica Valeton
• Curcuma macrochlamys (Baker) Škornick.
• Curcuma mangga Valeton & Zijp
• Curcuma maxwellii Škorničk. & Suksathan^[21]
• Curcuma meraukensis Valeton
• Curcuma montana Roxb.
• Curcuma mukhraniae R.Kr.Singh & Arti Garg
• Curcuma mutabilis Škornick., M.Sabu & Prasanthk.
• 缅甸姜黄 Curcuma myanmarensis (W.J.Kress) Škornick.
• Curcuma nakhonphanomensis Boonma, Saensouk & P. Saensouk^[22]
• 南昆山莪术 Curcuma nankunshanensis N.Liu, X.B.Ye & Juan Chen
• Curcuma neilgherrensis Wight
• 尼泊尔姜黄 Curcuma nepalensis M. Sabu, Kasaju & S. Subedi^[23]
• Curcuma newmanii Škornick.
• Curcuma oligantha Trimen
• Curcuma ornata Wall. ex Baker
• Curcuma pambrosima Škornick. & N.S.Lý
• Curcuma papilionacea Soonthornk., Ongsakul & Škorničk.^[24]
• Curcuma parviflora Wall.
• Curcuma parvula Gage
• Curcuma pedicellata (Chaveer. & Mokkamul) Škornick.
• Curcuma peramoena Souvann. & Maknoi^[25]
• 女王鬱金 Curcuma petiolata Roxb.
• 莪术 Curcuma phaeocaulis Valeton
• Curcuma phrayawan Boonma & Saensouk^[12]
• Curcuma picta Roxb. ex Škornick.
• Curcuma pierreana Gagnep.
• Curcuma pitukii Maknoi, Saensouk, Rakarcha & Thammar.^[11]
• Curcuma plicata Wall. ex Baker
• Curcuma porphyrotaenia Zipp. ex Span.
• Curcuma prakasha S.Tripathi
• Curcuma prasina Skornick.
• Curcuma pseudomontana J.Graham
• Curcuma puangpeniae Boonma & Saensouk^[12]
• Curcuma pulcherrima Boonma, Saensouk & P. Saensouk^[26]
• Curcuma purpurascens Blume
• Curcuma purpurata Boonma & Saensouk^[12]
• Curcuma putii Maknoi & Jenjitt.^[27]
• Curcuma pygmaea Škornick. & Šída f.
• Curcuma rangjued Saensouk & Boonma ^[28]
• Curcuma rangsimae Boonma & Saensouk ^[12]
• Curcuma reclinata Roxb.
• Curcuma rhabdota Sirirugsa & M.F.Newman
• Curcuma rhomba Mood & K.Larsen
• Curcuma roscoeana Wall.
• Curcuma rosea P. Saensouk, S. Saensouk & Boonma^[12]
• Curcuma roxburghii M.A.Rahman & Yusuf
• Curcuma rubescens Roxb.
• Curcuma rubroaurantiaca Škorničk. & Soonthornk^[21]
• Curcuma rubrobracteata Škornick., M.Sabu & Prasanthk.
• Curcuma rufostriata Škorničk. & Soonthornk.^[20]
• Curcuma ruiliensis N. H. Xia & Juan Chen^[29]
• Curcuma sahuynhensis Škornick. & N.S.Lý
• 沙拉武里姜黄 Curcuma saraburiensis Boonma & Saensouk，泰国沙拉武里府^[30]
• Curcuma sattayasaiorum Chaveer. & Sudmoon
• Curcuma scaposa (Nimmo) Škornick. & M.Sabu
• Curcuma sessilis Gage
• 暹罗姜黄 Curcuma siamensis Saensouk & Boonma^[31]
• 四川姜黄 Curcuma sichuanensis X.X.Chen,川郁金
• Curcuma singularis Gagnep.
• 六感姜黄 Curcuma sixsensesensis D.D. Nguyen & T.A. Le^[32]
• Curcuma sparganiifolia Gagnep.
• Curcuma stahlianthoides Škorničk. & Soonthornk. ^[33]
• Curcuma stenochila Gagnep.
• Curcuma strobilifera Wall. ex Baker
• 苏门答腊姜黄 Curcuma sumatrana Miq.
• Curcuma suphanensis P. Saensouk, Boonma, Rakarcha, Maknoi, Wongnak & S. Saensouk^[12]
• Curcuma supraneeana (W.J.Kress & K.Larsen) Škornick.
• Curcuma suraponii Boonma. 2023^[34]
• Curcuma sylvatica Valeton
• Curcuma thorelii Gagnep.
• 童氏姜黄 Curcuma tongii Y.H.Tan & Li X.Zhang^[35]
• Curcuma trichosantha Gagnep.
• Curcuma ubonensis Boonma, Saensouk, Maknoi & P. Saensouk^[36]
• Curcuma vamana M.Sabu & Mangaly
• Curcuma vinhlinhensis D.D. Nguyen & T.A. Le^[32]
• 二黄 Curcuma viridiflora Roxb.，绿花姜黄
• Curcuma vitellina Škornick. & H.Ð.Tran
• Curcuma wallichii M.A.Rahman & Yusuf
• Curcuma wanenlueanga Saensouk, Thomudtha & Boonma^[37]
• 温郁金 urcuma wenyujin Y. H. Chen & C. Ling
• Curcuma wilcockii M.A.Rahman & Yusuf
• Curcuma woodii N.H.Xia & Juan Chen^[38]
• Curcuma xanthella Škornick.
• 英德姜黄 Curcuma yingdeensis N.H.Xia & Juan Chen
• 顶花莪术 Curcuma yunnanensis N.Liu & S.J.Chen，云南姜黄
• 印尼莪术 Curcuma zanthorrhiza Roxb. : temu lawak
• 莪术 Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe : zedoary
• Curcuma zedoarioides Chaveer. & Tanee

圖庫

查看维基词典中的词条「姜黄属」。

•  

  Curcuma aeruginosa

•  

  Curcuma longa

•  

  Curcuma sp.

•  

  Curcuma sp.

參考文獻

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20. Sutthinut Soonthornkalump, Tidarat Pungpairote, Sira Niwesrat and Jana Skornickova. 2021. Curcuma lithophila and C. rufostriata (Zingiberaceae), Two New Species from Thailand, and Additional Notes on C. papilionacea. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany). 49(1); 32-43. DOI: 10.20531/tfb.2021.49.1.03
21. Jana Leong-Škorničková, Sutthinut Soonthornkalump, Anders Jan Lindström, Sira Niwesrat, Sarah Qing Lim and Piyakaset Suksathan. 2023. Curcuma maxwellii and C. rubroaurantiaca (Zingiberaceae, Zingiberoideae), Two New Species from Thailand. PhytoKeys. 235: 237-248. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.235.111400
22. Piyaporn Saensouk, Thawatphong Boonma and Surapon Saensouk. 2022. Curcuma nakhonphanomensis (Zingiberaceae), A New Species from the lower Mekong River Basin, northeastern Thailand. Biodiversitas. 23: 6040-6048. https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/12165 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
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24. Sutthinut Soonthornkalump, Annop Ongsakul, Aumdah Dolaji and Jana Leong-Škorničková. 2020. Curcuma papilionacea (Zingiberaceae), An Unusual New Species from southern Thailand. Phytotaxa. 432(1); 11–16. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.432.1.2
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27. Charun Maknoi, Saroj Ruchisansakun and Thaya Jenjittikul. 2019. Curcuma putii (Zingiberaceae), A New Species from Thailand. Annales Botanici Fennici. 56; 351-353. plantscience.sc.mahidol.ac.th/?p=2837
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29. Juan Chen, Yu‐Shi Ye and Nian‐He Xia. 2021. Curcuma ruiliensis (Zingiberaceae), A New Species from Yunnan, China. Nordic Journal of Botany. DOI: 10.1111/njb.02910
30. Thawatphong Boonma and Surapon Saensouk. 2019. Curcuma saraburiensis (Zingiberaceae), A New Species from Thailand. Taiwania. 64(3); 245-248. DOI: 10.6165/tai.2019.64.245
31. Saensouk P, Boonma T, Saensouk S. 2021. Curcuma siamensis (Zingiberaceae, Zingibereae), A New Species of Curcuma subgen. Ecomatae from Southeastern Thailand. Biodiversitas. 22(12); 5239-5246. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221201 smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/9607
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36. Piyaporn SAENSOUK, Thawatphong BOONMA, Charun MAKNOI and Surapon SAENSOUK. 2023. Curcuma ubonensis (Zingiberaceae), A New Species of Curcuma subgen. Hitcheniopsis from Eastern Thailand. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 51(4), 13374. DOI: 10.15835/nbha51413374
37. Surapon Saensouk, Thawatphong Boonma, Adisak Thomudtha, Pariya Thomudtha and Piyaporn Saensouk. 2021. Curcuma wanenlueanga (Zingiberaceae), A New Species of Subgenus Curcuma from Thailand. Biodiversitas: Journal of Biological Diversity. 22(7); 2988-2994. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220752
38. Juan CHEN, Anders J. LINDSTROM and Nian-He XIA . 2015. Curcuma woodii (Zingiberaceae), A New Species from Thailand. Phytotaxa. 227(1): 075–082. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.227.1.8

维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：姜黄属