维基百科
按人口排列的世界城市地区列表
| 此條目需要更新。 (2021年11月21日) |
这是按人口排名的世界连续城市区域的列表。数据来自两个来源：Demographia的“World Urban Areas”研究[1]，以及citypopulation.de，由应用摄影测量与地理信息学研究所（Institut für Angewandte Photogrammetrie und Geoinformatik）的Thomas Brinkhoff创建。[2]
定义和问题
Demographia将城市区域（集聚的城市化区域或市中心）定义为在同一劳动力市场（即大都会区）内连续的城市地块，而不考虑行政边界（即市政，城市或公社）。除澳大利亚外，当局使用的最低城市密度定义为每平方公里400人（或美国几乎相同的每平方英里1000人）。Demographia使用地图和卫星照片来估算持续的城市化。Demographia还使用小面积人口数据（如果有的话）将人口估计值与城市化土地面积相匹配。国家人口普查局的数据在澳大利亚、加拿大、法国、挪威、瑞典、英国和美国有提供。在某些情况下不使用印度的城市群的普查数据，因为其组成单位（市）的地理规模通常包括大面积的农村（非城市）地区。
人口估计和土地面积定义的来源分别按下表中的字母编码。
- A：根据国家人口普查机构统计的数据（面积或人口）；
- B：根据地图或卫星照片估计的面积数据；
- C：根据下级行政辖区估计的人口数据，例如农村人口的减少；
- D：根据联合国城市化估计的城市群人口数据；
- E：根据国家权威统计的人口数据估计的城市群人口数据；
- F：其他方法估计的人口数据，例如当地的非官方报告；
- L：当地官方估计的人口数据；
- N：使用人口普查权威数据合算的城区面积。
- W：根据世界银行Urban Area 2015 estimate的人口估计值。
除非相邻国家之间可自由流动（包括劳动力），否则城市地区仅限于一个国家。目前，该条件仅在欧盟的一些大陆国家和瑞士之间得到满足（例如法国和比利时的里尔-科特赖克、德国和荷兰的亚琛-瓦爾斯、德国和法国的萨尔布吕肯-福尔巴克、瑞士和法国的日内瓦 -安纳马斯，以及瑞士、德国和法国的巴塞尔-罗拉赫-圣路易）。因此，美国和加拿大的底特律-温莎以及美国和墨西哥的圣迭戈-蒂华纳都不被视为单一的城市地区。此外，深圳和香港被视为独立的城市地区，主要是因为两者之间的劳工流动是受限的，前者是中华人民共和国的广东省内的一个城市，后者是中华人民共和国的特别行政区。
都會區人口前百大城市
| 城市地区 | 人口統計[1] | 排名/備註[2] | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 排名 | 2013 排名[3] | 城市 | 国家/地区 | 人口 | 面积 (km2)[1] | 密度 (/km2)[1] | 人口 / 面积 数据来源[1] | 排名 | 人口 | 備註 |
| 1 | 1 | 东京–横滨（首都圈）[4] | 日本 | 38,050,000 | 8,547 | 4,500 | C / B | 2 | 39,800,000 | 含千叶市、川崎市、前桥市、相模原市、埼玉市、宇都宫市、横滨市 |
| 2 | 2 | 雅加达[5] | 印度尼西亞 | 32,275,000 | 3,302 | 9,800 | C / B | 4 | 28,900,000 | 當地稱Jabodetabek，含勿加泗、茂物、德波、丹格朗、南丹格朗 |
| 3 | 4 | 德里（國家首都轄區）[6] | 印度 | 27,280,000 | 2,202 | 12,400 | A / B | 5 | 27,200,000 | 含法里达巴德、加濟阿巴德、古尔冈、诺伊达 |
| 4 | 6 | 马尼拉（马尼拉大都会）[7] | 菲律賓 | 24,650,000 | 1,787 | 13,600 | C / B | 8 | 24,100,000 | 含加洛坎市、奎松市 |
| 5 | 3 | 首尔-仁川（首都圈）[8] | 韩国 | 24,210,000 | 2,745 | 8,800 | C / B | 7 | 24,800,000 | 含 富川市、高阳市、仁川市、城南市、水原市 |
| 6 | 5 | 上海[9] | 中国大陆 | 24,115,000 | 4,015 | 6,000 | L / B | 3 | 31,100,000 | 含蘇州 |
| 7 | 13 | 孟买[10] | 印度 | 23,265,000 | 881 | 26,400 | C / B | 9 | 23,600,000 | 含孟买、新孟买、Bhiwandi-Nizampur Municipal Corporation、Kalyan-Dombivali、塔那、烏爾哈斯訥格爾、瓦塞維拉爾 |
| 8 | 8 | 纽约[11] | 美國 | 21,575,000 | 11,875 | 1,700 | N / A | 11 | 22,200,000 | 含布里奇波特、紐華克、纽黑文 |
| 9 | 11 | 北京[12] | 中国大陆 | 21,250,000 | 4,144 | 5,100 | L / B | 13 | 20,700,000 | |
| 10 | 9 | 圣保罗[13] | 巴西 | 21,100,000 | 3,043 | 6,900 | C / B | 12 | 21,900,000 | 含Guarulhos |
| 11 | 10 | 墨西哥城[14] | 墨西哥 | 20,565,000 | 2,370 | 8,700 | C / B | 10 | 22,300,000 | 含Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl, Ecatepec, Naucalpan |
| 12 | 12 | 广州–佛山（广佛）[15] | 中国大陆 | 19,864,000 | 3,820 | 5,200 | L / B | 1 | 48,600,000 | 北珠江三角洲地区；含东莞市、佛山市, 江门市, 深圳市, 中山市；不含香港 |
| 13 | 21 | 达卡[16] | 孟加拉国 | 17,425,000 | 368 | 47,400 | C / B | 14 | 17,900,000 | |
| 14 | 14 | 大阪–神户–京都（京阪神）[17] | 日本 | 17,165,000 | 3,238 | 5,300 | C / B | 15 | 17,800,000 | 含姬路市、神户市、京都市、堺市 |
| 15 | 15 | 莫斯科[18] | 俄羅斯 | 16,855,000 | 5,698 | 3,000 | C / B | 19 | 17,100,000 | |
| 16 | 16 | 大开罗 | 埃及 | 16,545,000 | 1,917 | 8,600 | C / B | 19 | 17,100,000 | 含Al-Jizah, Hulwan, Shubra al-Khaymah |
| 17 | 20 | 曼谷 | 泰國 | 15,975,000 | 3,043 | 5,200 | C / B | 18 | 17,400,000 | |
| 18 | 17 | 洛杉矶[19] | 美國 | 15,620,000 | 6,299 | 2,300 | N / A | 16 | 17,700,000 | 含Anaheim, Riverside |
| 19 | 22 | 布宜诺斯艾利斯[20] | 阿根廷 | 15,520,000 | 3,212 | 4,800 | C / B | 22 | 16,000,000 | 含圣胡斯托、拉普拉塔 |
| 20 | 19 | 加尔各答 | 印度 | 15,095,000 | 1,347 | 11,200 | A / B | 21 | 16,200,000 | 含豪拉 |
| 21 | 23 | 伊斯坦布尔 | 土耳其 | 13,995,000 | 1,360 | 10,300 | C / B | 23 | 14,600,000 | |
| 22 | 22 | 德黑兰[21] | 伊朗 | 13,945,000 | 1,748 | 8,000 | C / B | 25 | 14,000,000 | 含卡拉季 |
| 23 | 15 | 拉各斯 | 奈及利亞 | 13,910,000 | 1,502 | 9,300 | W / B | 17 | 17,600,000 | |
| 24 | 32 | 天津[22] | 中国大陆 | 13,655,000 | 2,771 | 4,900 | L / B | 28 | 11,800,000 | |
| 25 | 7 | 卡拉奇[23] | 巴基斯坦 | 13,255,000 | 1,036 | 12,800 | C / B | 6 | 25,100,000 | Based on population estimates before completion of 2017 Census. |
| 26 | 24 | 深圳[15] | 中国大陆 | 12,905,000 | 1,748 | 7,400 | L / B | （已包含于广州） | ||
| 27 | 31 | 金沙萨[24] | 刚果民主共和国 | 12,350,000 | 583 | 21,200 | C / B | 30 | 10,900,000 | |
| 28 | 26 | 里约热内卢 | 巴西 | 11,990,000 | 1,917 | 6,300 | C / B | 27 | 12,700,000 | 含新伊瓜苏、圣贡萨洛 |
| 29 | 39 | 成都 | 中国大陆 | 11,430,000 | 1,761 | 6,500 | L / B | 38 | 9,750,000 | 含双流区 |
| 30 | 30 | 利马 | 秘魯 | 11,355,000 | 894 | 12,700 | C / B | 35 | 10,100,000 | |
| 31 | 42 | 拉合尔 | 巴基斯坦 | 11,070,000 | 896 | 12,400 | C / B | 32 | 10,500,000 | |
| 32 | 27 | 巴黎 | 法國 | 10,980,000 | 2,845 | 3,700 | A / A | 29 | 11,300,000 | |
| 33 | 33 | 班加罗尔 | 印度 | 10,920,000 | 1,166 | 9,400 | A / B | 31 | 10,800,000 | |
| 34 | 37 | 胡志明市（西贡） | 越南 | 10,690,000 | 1,580 | 6,800 | C / B | 44 | 8,300,000 | 含边和市 |
| 35 | 29 | 伦敦[25] | 英国 | 10,585,000 | 1,738 | 5,600 | A / A | 24 | 14,500,000 | |
| 36 | 35 | 金奈 | 印度 | 10,555,000 | 1,049 | 10,100 | A / B | 34 | 10,300,000 | |
| 37 | 28 | 名古屋（中京圈）[26] | 日本 | 10,105,000 | 3,885 | 2,600 | C / B | 32 | 10,500,000 | |
| 38 | 36 | 波哥大 | 哥伦比亚 | 9,965,000 | 562 | 17,700 | C / B | 39 | 9,500,000 | |
| 39 | 41 | 海得拉巴 | 印度 | 9,595,000 | 1,230 | 7,800 | A / B | 40 | 9,200,000 | |
| 40 | 34 | 芝加哥[27] | 美國 | 9,160,000 | 6,856 | 1,300 | N / A | 37 | 9,800,000 | |
| 41 | 43 | 约翰尼斯堡–东兰德[28] | 南非 | 9,115,000 | 2,590 | 3,500 | C / B | 26 | 13,100,000 | 含东兰德、伊瓦顿、比勒陀利亚、Soshanguve、索韦托、弗里尼欣、西兰德 |
| 42 | 48 | 重庆[29] | 中国大陆 | 8,875,000 | 6,000 | 1,479 | L / B | 54 | 7,200,000 | |
| 43 | 40 | 台北-桃園（大台北都會區）[30] | 中華民國（臺灣） | 8,605,000 | 1,140 | 7,600 | C / B | 41 | 9,050,000 | 含新北市、基隆市、桃園市 |
| 44 | 38 | 东莞[15] | 中国大陆 | 8,340,000 | 1,619 | 5,200 | L / B | （已包含于广州） | ||
| 45 | 169 | 河内 | 越南 | 8,140,000 | 868 | 9,400 | C / B | 139 | 3,450,000 | |
| 46 | 60 | 沈阳[31] | 中国大陆 | 8,095,000 | 1,502 | 5,400 | C / B | 47 | 7,800,000 | 含抚顺市 |
| 47 | 44 | 武汉 | 中国大陆 | 7,980,000 | 1,528 | 5,200 | L / B | 46 | 8,100,000 | |
| 48 | 47 | 艾哈迈达巴德 | 印度 | 7,880,000 | 350 | 22,500 | A / B | 49 | 7,650,000 | |
| 49 | 529 | 奥尼沙 | 奈及利亞 | 7,850,000 | 1,965 | 4,000 | W / B | 495 | 1,100,000 | |
| 50 | 49 | 吉隆坡（巴生谷）[32] | 马来西亚 | 7,820,000 | 2,163 | 3,600 | C / B | 62 | 6,800,000 | 含巴生市 |
| 51 | 64 | 罗安达 | 安哥拉 | 7,560,000 | 894 | 7,700 | C / B | 51 | 7,450,000 | |
| 52 | 46 | 香港[15] | 香港 | 7,380,000 | 285 | 25,900 | C / B | 53 | 7,300,000 | 包含香港特別行政區全域 |
| 53 | 83 | 波士顿[33] | 美國 | 7,315,000 | 9,189 | 800 | N / A | 50 | 7,550,000 | 含普罗维登斯 |
| 54 | 51 | 巴格达 | 伊拉克 | 7,135,000 | 673 | 10,600 | D / B | 58 | 7,000,000 | |
| 55 | 50 | 杭州[9] | 中国大陆 | 7,100,000 | 1,269 | 6,000 | L / B | 42 | 8,450,000 | 含绍兴 |
| 56 | 89 | 郑州–荥阳 | 中国大陆 | 7,005,000 | 1,295 | 4,400 | L / B | 89 | 4,800,000 | |
| 57 | 57 | 泉州[34] | 中国大陆 | 6,720,000 | 1,645 | 4,300 | L / B | （已包含于厦门） | ||
| 58 | 45 | 埃森–杜塞尔多夫（鲁尔区）[35] | 德國 | 6,665,000 | 2,655 | 2,500 | C / B | 72 | 5,700,000 | |
| 59 | 52 | 多伦多–哈密尔顿 | 加拿大 | 6,635,000 | 2,287 | 2,900 | N / A | 54 | 7,200,000 | 含Hamilton |
| 60 | 55 | 达拉斯–沃思堡[36] | 美國 | 6,600,000 | 5,175 | 1,100 | N / A | 63 | 6,750,000 | 含Fort Worth |
| 61 | 56 | 旧金山湾区 | 美國 | 6,540,000 | 2,797 | 2,100 | N / A | 48 | 7,700,000 | 含Concord, Oakland, San Jose, Santa Rosa |
| 62 | 59 | 南京[9] | 中国大陆 | 6,525,000 | 1,489 | 4,400 | L / B | 57 | 7,050,000 | |
| 63 | 54 | 马德里 | 西班牙 | 6,385,000 | 1,360 | 4,700 | C / B | 65 | 6,250,000 | |
| 64 | 53 | 圣地亚哥[37] | 智利 | 6,350,000 | 1,140 | 5,600 | C / B | 56 | 7,150,000 | |
| 65 | 63 | 休斯顿[38] | 美國 | 6,285,000 | 4,841 | 1,100 | N / A | 64 | 6,350,000 | |
| 66 | 69 | 利雅得 | 沙烏地阿拉伯 | 6,220,000 | 1,658 | 3,800 | C / B | 60 | 6,900,000 | |
| 67 | 73 | 苏拉特 | 印度 | 6,200,000 | 233 | 26,600 | A / B | 70 | 5,900,000 | |
| 68 | 58 | 迈阿密[39] | 美國 | 6,195,000 | 3,209 | 1,700 | A / A | 67 | 6,200,000 | 含Fort Lauderdale, West Palm Beach |
| 69 | 86 | 苏州[9] | 中国大陆 | 6,175,000 | 1,360 | 4,500 | C / B | （已包含于上海） | ||
| 70 | 67 | 普纳 | 印度 | 6,110,000 | 583 | 10,500 | A / B | 65 | 6,250,000 | 含Pimpri-Chinchwad |
| 71 | 74 | 万隆 | 印度尼西亞 | 5,945,000 | 557 | 10,700 | C / B | 68 | 6,050,000 | |
| 72 | 66 | 新加坡[40] | 新加坡 | 5,930,000 | 518 | 11,400 | A / B | 59 | 6,950,000 | 含新山市（馬來西亞） |
| 72 | 85 | 青岛–即墨 | 中国大陆 | 5,930,000 | 1,632 | 3,600 | L / B | 71 | 5,850,000 | |
| 74 | 65 | 西安–咸阳[41] | 中国大陆 | 5,905,000 | 1,088 | 5,400 | L / B | 61 | 6,850,000 | 含咸阳市 |
| 75 | 84 | 内罗毕 | 肯尼亚 | 5,765,000 | 829 | 7,000 | C / B | 78 | 5,350,000 | |
| 76 | 62 | 费城[11] | 美國 | 5,575,000 | 5,131 | 1,100 | A / A | 52 | 7,350,000 | 含Allentown, Trenton |
| 77 | 77 | 仰光 | 緬甸 | 5,550,000 | 596 | 9,300 | C / B | 80 | 5,250,000 | |
| 78 | 70 | 喀土穆 | 苏丹 | 5,490,000 | 971 | 5,700 | C / B | 72 | 5,700,000 | |
| 79 | 245 | 福州 | 中国大陆 | 5,400,000 | 1,243 | 4,300 | L / B | 118 | 4,025,000 | |
| 80 | 75 | 亚特兰大[42] | 美國 | 5,325,000 | 7,296 | 600 | N / A | 75 | 5,600,000 | |
| 81 | 68 | 米兰[43] | 義大利 | 5,290,000 | 1,891 | 2,800 | C / B | 84 | 5,150,000 | |
| 82 | 72 | 华盛顿哥伦比亚特区[44] | 美國 | 5,180,000 | 3,424 | 1,300 | A / A | 43 | 8,400,000 | 含巴尔的摩 |
| 83 | 71 | 圣彼德堡[45] | 俄羅斯 | 5,175,000 | 1,347 | 3,800 | C / B | 77 | 5,500,000 | |
| 84 | 79 | 阿比让 | 科特迪瓦 | 5,145,000 | 376 | 13,700 | W / B | 82 | 5,200,000 | |
| 85 | 82 | 哈尔滨[46] | 中国大陆 | 5,115,000 | 609 | 8,400 | C / B | 79 | 5,300,000 | |
| 86 | 329 | 安曼 | 约旦 | 5,020,000 | 855 | 5,900 | C / B | 82 | 5,200,000 | |
| 87 | 104 | 达累斯萨拉姆 | 坦桑尼亚 | 4,980,000 | 596 | 8,400 | C / B | 76 | 5,550,000 | |
| 88 | 79 | 亚历山大港 | 埃及 | 4,960,000 | 293 | 16,900 | C / B | 80 | 5,250,000 | |
| 89 | 96 | 科威特城 | 科威特 | 4,860,000 | 712 | 6,800 | C / B | 104 | 4,275,000 | |
| 90 | 87 | 安卡拉 | 土耳其 | 4,850,000 | 660 | 7,300 | C / B | 91 | 4,750,000 | |
| 91 | 78 | 巴塞罗纳 | 西班牙 | 4,840,000 | 1,075 | 4,500 | C / B | 95 | 4,650,000 | |
| 92 | 81 | 瓜达拉哈拉 | 墨西哥 | 4,830,000 | 803 | 6,000 | C / B | 85 | 5,050,000 | 含Zapopan |
| 93 | 61 | 贝洛哈里桑塔 | 巴西 | 4,750,000 | 1,269 | 3,700 | C / B | 87 | 4,950,000 | |
| 94 | 99 | 大连 | 中国大陆 | 4,600,000 | 971 | 4,700 | C / B | 96 | 4,600,000 | |
| 95 | 155 | 贵阳 | 中国大陆 | 4,480,000 | 557 | 8,000 | C / B | 173 | 2,950,000 | |
| 96 | 151 | 温州 | 中国大陆 | 4,460,000 | 479 | 9,300 | C / B | 69 | 5,950,000 | |
| 97 | 136 | 卡萨布兰卡 | 摩洛哥 | 4,410,000 | 272 | 16,200 | C / B | 108 | 4,225,000 | |
| 98 | 93 | 悉尼 | 澳大利亞 | 4,390,000 | 2,179 | 2,000 | A / A | 86 | 4,975,000 | 含Central Coast |
| 99 | 91 | 凤凰城[47] | 美國 | 4,365,000 | 3,225 | 1,200 | N / A | 102 | 4,400,000 | |
| 100 | 359 | 泗水 | 印度尼西亞 | 4,325,000 | 907 | 4,800 | C / B | 90 | 4,775,000 | |
参考资料
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 (PDF). April 2018. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-05-03）.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Brinkhoff, Thomas. . City Population. 2017-01-01. （原始内容存档于2018-01-18）.
- ^ Demographia. (PDF) 9th. March 2013. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-05-01）.
- ^ 包括神奈川、千叶和埼玉县的大部分，以及群马、栃木和茨城县的小部分。
- ^ Various international sources limit their population estimates to DKI Jakarta itself (the national capital district). However, the urbanization of Jakarta extends into the regencies of Tangerang, Bekasi, Bogor and Karawang and the separate cities of Bekasi, Depok and Bogor. Excludes urban areas of Karawang (650,000; 207 km2) and Serang (525,000; 65 km2).
- ^ Includes Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Noida, Gurgaon and Bahadurgarh. Excludes urban area of Meerut (1,489,000; 104 km2).
- ^ The population is higher than other agglomeration estimates (such as the United Nations), tend to be limited to Metro Manila, which is a province-level jurisdiction. The continuous urbanization of Manila extends outward into Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal and Batangas provinces. The Demographia population estimate is a "build-up" of municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration).
- ^ Includes satellite cities in Gyeonggi Province such as Suwon, Goyang, Seongnam, Yongin, Bucheon and Ansand which are treated as separate urban agglomerations by the United Nations. Excludes urban area of Cheonan (500,000; 57 km2) in Chungcheongnam-do.
- ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Suzhou, Wuxi, Ningbo, Changzhou, Shaoxing, and urban area of Zhangjiaggang-Jiangyin within the prefecture-level cities of Suzhou and Wuxi are treated as separate urban areas which constitute the Yangtze River Delta economic zone. Huai'an (1,856,000; 148 km2), Xuzhou (1,246,000; 233 km2), Nantong (1,036,000; 233 km2), Lianyungang (985,000; 155 km2), Zhenjiang (983,000; 168 km2), Yancheng (797,000; 207 km2), Huzhou (690,000; 111 km2), Taizhou (in Jiangsu Province; 300,000; 117 km2) and Suqian (220,000; 36 km2), as well as urban areas of Yangzhou (1,593,000; 233 km2) and Gaoyou (180,000; 39 km2) within the prefecture-level city of Yangzhou, urban areas of Kunshan (1,596,000; 492 km2), Changshu (1,139,000; 285 km2) and Taicang (523,000; 117 km2) within the prefecture-level city of Suzhou, urban areas of Cixi (1,200,000; 298 km2) and Yuyao (650,000; 122 km2) within the sub-provincial city of Ningbo, urban areas of Jiaxing (1,044,000; 259 km2) and Tongxiang (510,000; 52 km2) within the prefecture-level city of Jiaxing, urban areas of Wenling (510,000; 52 km2), Jiaojiang (375,000; 41 km2) and Huangyan (200,000; 34 km2) within the prefectrure-level city of Taizhou (in Zhejiang Province), urban areas of Zhuji (500,000; 117 km2) and Shangyu (400,000; 158 km2) within the prefecture-level city of Shaoxing, urban areas of Yiwu-Dongyang (925,000; 233 km2), Jinhua (520,000; 186 km2), Yongkang (500,000; 223 km2), Dongyang (260,000; 104 km2) and Lanxi (220,000; 34 km2) within the prefecture-level city of Jinhua, and urban area of Fuyang (450,000; 49 km2) within the sub-provincial city of Hangzhou are also excluded.
- ^ Includes Kalyan, and the Panvel urban area. As of 2016, also includes the Census of India urban areas of Bhiwandi, Kalyan, VasaiVirar beginning in 2016.
- ^ 11.0 11.1 Demographia defines urban area of New York as a combination of New York–Newark, Bridgeport–Stamford, New Haven, Trenton, Danbury and Twin Rivers urbanized areas. New York and Philadelphia (same with Philadelphia urbanized area) are treated as separate urban areas. Urban areas of Hartford (925,000; 1,336 km2), Allentown–Bethlehem (665,000; 896 km2), Springfield (621,000; 904 km2), Harrisburg (446,000; 673 km2), Poughkeepsie (427,000; 847 km2), Lancaster (405,000; 642 km2), Reading (284,000; 269 km2), Atlantic City (250,000; 324 km2), York (235,000; 342 km2), Norwich–New London (209,000; 394 km2), Waterbury (195,000; 233 km2) and Pottstown (108,000; 205 km2) are also excluded.
- ^ Excludes urban areas of Baoding (1,283,000; 220 km2), Zhangjiakou (1,322,000; 220 km2) and Chengde (108,000; 23 km2).
- ^ Includes Francisco Morato. Excludes urban area of Santos (1,716,000; 207 km2).
- ^ Excludes urban areas of Toluca (1,747,000; 220 km2) and Cuernavaca (675,000; 171 km2).
- ^ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 由于存在海关边境，劳动力、移民不能自由流动，香港和深圳被视为分别的城区。广州-佛山、深圳、东莞和中山也视作分别的城市地区，它们共同构成了珠江三角洲地区。尽管广州和佛山因经济紧密融合而合并为一个城区，珠三角其他地区仍被分为独立的城区。Thus, urban areas of Huizhou (1,387,000; 168 km2), Zhuhai (1,274,000; 246 km2) and Zhaoqing (500,000; 65 km2) as well as urban areas of Jiangmen (920,000; 259 km2) and Taishan (204,000; 44 km2) within the prefecture-level city of Jiangmen, urban area of Lishui (300,000; 44 km2) within the prefecture-level city of Foshan and urban are of Macau (560,000; 21 km2) in the Macau Special Administrative Region are excluded. Urban area of Guangzhou–Foshan includes Shunde within the prefecture-level city of Foshan, which has been excluded in the 2011 edition. Urban area of Shenzhen includes Huiyang within the prefecture-level city of Huizhou, which has been excluded in the 2010 edition. Urban area of Huizhou includes only Huicheng District. The Demographia estimate for Dongguan is lower than last year, because local estimates previously used were higher than reported in the 2010 census.
- ^ Includes urban area of Narayanganj which has been excluded in the 2011 edition.
- ^ Includes Nara and Himeji. United Nations estimates separate Osaka–Kobe and Kyoto and exclude both Nara and Himeji. Excludes urban area of Ōtsu (775,000; 303 km2) and Wakayama (430,000; 91 km2).
- ^ The population estimate is suspect, due to the lack of readily available data for local areas outside the city jurisdiction (Moscow Oblast). Demographia is indebted to Richard Forstall, who has provided local authority area population data for portions of Moscow Oblast within the Moscow urban areas. Other estimates (such as the United Nations estimate) include only the municipality of Moscow, which includes only part of the urban footprint. Includes Elektrostal–Noginsk within Moscow Oblast, which has been excluded in the 2011 edition.
- ^ Combination of Los Angeles–Long Beach–Santa Ana, Riverside–San Bernardino and Mission Viejo urbanized areas. Excludes urban areas of Temecula–Murrieta (472,000; 420 km2), Indio–Palm Springs (370,000; 373 km2), Oxnard (369,000; 218 km2), Lancaster–Palmdale (358,000; 300 km2), Victorville–Hesperia–Apple Valley (350,000; 433 km2), Santa Clarita (272,000; 199 km2), Thousand Oaks (216,000; 223 km2), Santa Barbara (196,000; 145 km2), Hemet (163,000; 127 km2) and Simi Valley (126,000; 80 km2).
- ^ Excludes urban area of La Plata (675,000; 228 km2) which has been included in the 2007 edition.
- ^ Includes Eslamshahr and Karaj which has been excluded in the 2012 edition.
- ^ Tianjin and Tangshan are treated as separate urban areas. Urban areas of Cangzhou (500,000; 130 km2) and Langfang (465,000; 130 km2) as well as urban area of Qian'an (400,000; 168 km2) within the prefecture-level city of Tangshan are also excluded. The population of the urban area of Tianjin is lower than other estimates (such as the United Nations), which include metropolitan area population not within the continuously developed urban area. The Demographia population estimate is a "build-up" of sub-municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration).
- ^ The population is lower than other estimates (such as the United Nations), which include metropolitan area population not within the continuously developed urban area.
- ^ Excludes urban area of Brazzaville (1,685,000; 181 km2) in the Republic of the Congo.
- ^ Greater London urban area. Excludes urban areas of Reading (318,000; 84 km2), Southend-on-Sea (295,000; 72 km2), Aldershot (252,000; 79 km2), Luton (258,000; 51 km2), Medway (244,000; 52 km2), Crawley (181,000; 58 km2), Slough (164,000; 34 km2), Basildon (145,000; 37 km2), High Wycombe (133,000; 39 km2), Chelmsford (112,000; 26 km2) and Maidstone (108,000; 25 km2).
- ^ Includes Toyohashi.
- ^ Combination of Chicago, Kenosha and Round Lake Beach–McHenry–Grayslake urbanized areas. Excludes urban areas of Milwaukee (1,388,000; 1,414 km2), Rockford (301,000; 396 km2), South Bend (278,000; 417 km2), Elkhart (144,000; 238 km2) and Racine (134,000; 127 km).
- ^ Johannesburg–East Rand and Pretoria are treated as separate urban areas which constitute the Vaal Triangle. Urban area of Vereeninging (Emfuleni) (650,000; 337 km2) is also excluded.
- ^ Excludes urban area of Wanzhou (Wanxian) (500,000; 41 km2) within the municipality of Chongqing. The direct-controlled municipality of Chongqing, which is sometimes translated as the direct-controlled city of Chongqing, has the largest population of any organism called a city in the stretches far beyond any reasonable definition of a metropolitan area.
- ^ The population is higher than other estimates (such as the United Nations), which do not include all population within the continuously developed urban area (especially in New Taipei City). Includes Taoyuan and Jhongli (Chungli) which have been excluded in the 2010 edition. Excludes urban area of Hsinchu (650,000; 117 km2).
- ^ Excludes urban areas of Fushun (1,412,000; 130 km2) and Tieling (325,000; 65 km2).
- ^ The population is higher than other agglomeration estimates (such as the United Nations), which does not include all of the continuously developed urban area in the state of Selangor. Continuous urbanization extends well beyond the municipality of Kuala Lumpur, for example to Port Klang and the area represents a single labor market (metropolitan area). The Demographia population estimate is a "build-up" of municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration). Excludes urban area of Seremban (500,000; 155 km2).
- ^ Combination of Boston, Nashua, Providence (1,187,000; 1,412 km2), Worcester (489,000; 787 km2), Barnstable (247,000; 717 km2), Manchester (159,000; 223 km2), New Bedford (149,000; 142 km2) and Leominster–Fitchburg (117,000; 168 km2).
- ^ Includes Shishi and Jinjiang within the prefecture-level city of Quanzhou.
- ^ Essen–Düsseldorf and Cologne–Bonn are treated as separate urban areas which constitute the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan area. Excludes urban area of Aachen–Vaals (585,000; 401 km2) in both Germany and the Netherlands.
- ^ Combination of Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington, Denton–Lewisville and McKinney urbanized areas.
- ^ Excludes urban area of Valparaíso–Viña del Mar (875,000; 161 km2).
- ^ Combination of Houston and Conroe urbanized areas. Excludes urban area of Texas City (106,000; 197 km2).
- ^ Miami urbanized area. Includes former urban areas of Fort Lauderdale and West Palm Beach, which were combined by the US Census Bureau into Miami in 2000.
- ^ Excludes urban area of Johor Bahru (1,640,000; 712 km2) in Malaysia and urban area of Batam (900,000; 218 km2) in Indonesia.
- ^ Includes Xianyang which has been excluded in the 2010 edition.
- ^ Atlanta urbanized area. Excludes urban areas of Gainesville (131,000; 326 km2) and Athens (129,000; 254 km2).
- ^ The population is higher than other agglomeration estimates (such as the United Nations), which does not include all of the continuously developed urban area, which stretches into Como, Lecco and Varese provinces. Excludes Bergamo which has been included in the 2007 edition (4,950,000; 3,043 km2 in total).
- ^ The US Census Bureau combines Washington and Baltimore into a single metropolitan area (consolidated area) but Demographia considers the two (same with Washington, DC and Baltimore urbanized areas) as separate urban areas. Urban areas of Aberdeen–Havre de Grace (214,000; 339 km2), Hagerstown (183,000; 344 km2), Frederick (142,000; 189 km2), Fredericksburg (141,000; 202 km2) and Waldorf (110,000; 176 km2) are also excluded.
- ^ Includes communities under the authority of the Town Council.
- ^ Excludes urban areas of Acheng (300,000; 39 km2) and Shangzhi (250,000; 18 km2) within the sub-provincial city of Harbin.
- ^ Combination of Phoenix–Mesa, Avondale and Sierra Vista urbanized area.
参见
外部链接
- UN Demographic Yearbook （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Demographia （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Th. Brinkhoff: The Principal Agglomerations of the World（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- insee.fr - Geopolis study of urban areas （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Gridded Population of the World （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）