大鼠屬

  本条目介绍的是大鼠属（Rattus）。關於大鼠和家鼠的其他意義，詳見「大鼠」及「家鼠」。关于动物实验用大鼠，詳見实验大鼠。

大鼠屬（学名：Rattus）又名家鼠属、大家鼠属、狭鼠属等等，是一個包括多種中型、長尾齧齒類物種，为鼠總科鼠科鼠亞科之下的一個屬。

大鼠属 化石时期：早更新世–現今 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
褐鼠 Rattus norvegicus
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	哺乳纲 Mammalia
目：	啮齿目 Rodentia
科：	鼠科 Eumuroida
亚科：	鼠亚科 Murinae
属：	大鼠属 Rattus G. Fischer（英语：Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim）, 1803
模式種
褐鼠 Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout（英语：John Berkenhout）, 1769)
種
64個物種
異名
Stenomys Thomas, 1910

在人類生活環境中最常見的是黑鼠（R. rattus）與褐鼠（R. norvegicus）。在日常生活中，屬於其他齧齒類科與屬的物種亦有時被當作是大鼠，而這些物種跟大鼠屬物種亦有多種特徵相似。

物種

本屬包括下列各物種：

• • 黄胸鼠 Rattus flavipectus (Milne-Edwards, 1871)
• 地位未定 incertae sedis
  • Annandale's rat (Rattus annandalei) – Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore
  • Enggano rat (Rattus enganus) – Indonesia
  • Philippine forest rat (Rattus everetti) – the Philippines
  • 波利尼西亚鼠（Rattus exulans）：生活於菲濟及大多數波利尼西亞島嶼、紐西蘭、復活節島及夏威夷。
  • Hainald's rat (Rattus hainaldi) – Indonesia
  • Hoogerwerf's rat (Rattus hoogerwerfi) – Indonesia
  • Korinch's rat (Rattus korinchi) – Indonesia
  • †麥克禮鼠（Rattus macleari）：聖誕島
  • Nillu rat (Rattus montanus) – Sri Lanka
  • Molaccan prehensile-tailed rat (Rattus morotaiensis) – Indonesia
  • †牛犬鼠（Rattus nativitatis）：聖誕島
  • Kerala rat (Rattus ranjiniae) – India
  • New Ireland forest rat (Rattus sanila)
  • Andaman rat (Rattus stoicus) – Andaman Islands
  • Timor rat (Rattus timorensis) – Timor
• R. norvegicus group
  • 大足鼠（Rattus nitidus）：孟加拉、不丹、中國、印度、印尼、寮國、緬甸、尼泊爾、帛琉、菲律賓、泰國及越南
  • 褐鼠（Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769)）：除南極洲以外的全世界
  • Turkestan rat (Rattus pyctoris; obs. Rattus turkestanicus) – Afghanistan, China, India, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, and Pakistan
• R. rattus group
  • Sunburned rat (Rattus adustus) – Enggano Island, Indonesia
  • 印支林鼠 (Rattus andamanensis) – Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam
  • 銀腹鼠（Rattus argentiventer）：東南亞
  • 巴鲁大家鼠（Rattus baluensis）：馬來西亞
  • Aceh rat (Rattus blangorum)
  • Nonsense rat (Rattus burrus) – India
  • Hoffmann's rat (Rattus hoffmanni) – Indonesia
  • Koopman's rat (Rattus koopmani) – Indonesia
  • 黄毛鼠（Rattus losea (Swinhoe, 1871)）：中國、寮國、台灣、泰國及越南
  • Mentawai rat (Rattus lugens) – Indonesia
  • Mindoro black rat (Rattus mindorensis) – the Philippines
  • Little soft-furred rat (Rattus mollicomulus) – Indonesia
  • Osgood's rat (Rattus osgoodi) – Vietnam
  • Palm rat (Rattus palmarum) – India
  • 黑鼠 Rattus rattus：除南極洲以外的全世界
  • Sahyadris forest rat (Rattus satarae)
  • Simalur rat (Rattus simalurensis) – Indonesia
  • 亞洲家鼠（Rattus tanezumi Temminck, 1844）：柬埔寨、中國、Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam
  • Tawitawi forest rat (Rattus tawitawiensis) – the Philippines
  • Malayan field rat (Rattus tiomanicus) – Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand
• R. xanthurus group
  • Bonthain rat (Rattus bontanus; obs. Rattus foramineus) – Indonesia
  • Opossum rat (Rattus marmosurus) – Indonesia
  • Peleng rat (Rattus pelurus) – Indonesia
  • Southeastern xanthurus rat (Rattus salocco]) - Indonesia
  • Yellow-tailed rat (Rattus xanthurus) – Indonesia
• R. leucopus group (New Guinean group)
  • Vogelkop mountain rat (Rattus arfakiensis)
  • Western New Guinea mountain rat (Rattus arrogans)
  • Sula rat (Rattus elaphinus) – Indonesia
  • Spiny Ceram rat (Rattus feliceus) – Indonesia
  • Giluwe rat (Rattus giluwensis) – Papua New Guinea
  • Japen rat (Rattus jobiensis) – Indonesia
  • Cape York rat (Rattus leucopus) – Australia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea
  • Eastern rat (Rattus mordax) – Papua New Guinea
  • Moss-forest rat (Rattus niobe) – Papua New Guinea, Indonesia
  • New Guinean rat (Rattus novaeguineae) – Papua New Guinea
  • Arianus's rat (Rattus omichlodes)
  • Pocock’s highland rat (Rattus pococki)
  • Large New Guinea spiny rat (Rattus praetor) – Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and Solomon Islands
  • Glacier rat (Rattus richardsoni) – Indonesia
  • 小棘鼠 (Rattus steini) – Indonesia and Papua New Guinea
  • Van Deusen's rat (Rattus vandeuseni) – Papua New Guinea
  • Slender rat (Rattus verecundus) – Indonesia and Papua New Guinea
• R. fuscipes group (Australian group)
  • Dusky rat (Rattus colletti) – Australia
  • Bush rat (Rattus fuscipes) – Australia
  • Australian swamp rat (Rattus lutreolus) – Australia
  • Dusky field rat (Rattus sordidus) – Australia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea
  • Pale field rat (Rattus tunneyi) – Australia
  • Long-haired rat (Rattus villosissimus) – Australia

參看

• 鼠肉
• 東方鼠蝨：蚤科

參考文獻

延伸閱讀

• Barnett, S. Anthony (2002) The Story of Rats: Their Impact on Us, and Our Impact on Them, Allen & Unwin, Crows Nest, NSW, 202 pages, ISBN 1-86508-519-7.
• Hendrickson, R. (1983) More Cunning than Man: A Complete History of the Rat and its Role in Civilization, Kensington Books. ISBN 1-57566-393-7.
• Jahn, G. C., P. Cox, S. Mak, and N. Chhorn (1999) "Farmer participatory research on rat management in Cambodia", In G. Singleton, L. Hinds, H. Leirs and Zhibin Zhang [Eds.] Ecologically-based rodent management ACIAR, Canberra. Ch. 17, pp. 358–371. ISBN 1-86320-262-5.
• Leung, LKP; Cox, Peter G.; Jahn, G. C.; Nugent, Robert. Evaluating rodent management with Cambodian rice farmers. Cambodian Journal of Agriculture. 2002, 5: 21–26. 
• Matthews, I. (1898). Full Revelations of a Professional Rat-Catcher, after 25 Years’ Experience （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. 1st ed. Manchester: Friendly Societies Printing Co. ISBN 1-905124-64-3.
• Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton. 1993. "Family Muridae" in D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. "Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference", Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. pp. 501–755.
• Nowak, R. M. (1999) Walker's Mammals of the World Vol. 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, London.
• Sullivan, Robert (2004). Rats: A Year with New York's Most Unwanted Inhabitants. Granta Books, London.
• Sullivan, Robert (2005). Rats: Observations on the History and Habitat of the City's Most Unwanted Inhabitants. Bloomsbury USA. ISBN 1-58234-477-9.

外部連結

维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：大鼠屬

• Rat Behaviour and Biology（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• Rat Genome Database（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
•   维基文库中的相關文獻：
  • Rat. 新国际百科全书. 1905. 
  • Rat. 大英百科全书 (11th ed.). 1911. 
  • Rat. Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.