壁蜂属

壁蜂属（学名：Osmia）是昆虫纲膜翅目蜜蜂总科切叶蜂科的一属昆虫，约有80余种^[1]。该属昆虫多喜在土壁、石洞、墙壁等洞穴中筑巢，以采集花粉和花蜜为食^[2]。常作为人工放养野生蜜蜂用于苹果、樱桃、梨等果树的授粉^[3]。

壁蜂属
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲：	昆虫纲 Insecta
目：	膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科：	切葉蜂科 Megachilidae
属：	壁蜂属 Osmia Panzer, 1806
異名
Acanthosmoides Ashmead, 1899 Hapsidosmia Rightmyer, Griswold & Brady, 2013 Hoplosmia Thomson, 1872 Nothosmia Ashmead, 1899

下属物种

本属包括以下物种：

• Osmia adae Bingham, 1897
• Osmia aeruginosa Warncke, 1988
• Osmia agilis Morawitz, 1875
• Osmia aglaia Sandhouse, 1939
• Osmia alaiensis van der Zanden, 1994
• Osmia albiventris Cresson, 1864
• Osmia albolateralis Cockerell, 1906
• Osmia alfkenii Ducke, 1899
• Osmia aliciae Ayala & Griswold, 2005
• Osmia alpestris Rust & Bohart, 1986
• Osmia alticola Benoist, 1922
• Osmia amathusica Mavromoustakis, 1937
• Osmia anasazi
• Osmia anceps Pérez, 1895
• Osmia anceyi Pérez, 1879
• Osmia andrenoides Spinola, 1808
• Osmia angustipes Cockerell, 1933
• Osmia antiqua Heer, 1849
• Osmia apicata Smith, 1853
• Osmia aquila Warncke, 1988
• Osmia aquilonaria Rightmyer, Griswold & Arduser, 2010
• Osmia argyropyga Pérez, 1879
• Osmia ariadne Peters, 1978
• Osmia ashmeadii (Titus, 1904)
• Osmia atriventris Cresson, 1864
• Osmia atrocyanea Cockerell, 1897
• Osmia aurulenta (Panzer, 1799)
• Osmia austromaritima Michener, 1936
• Osmia avedata Warncke, 1992
• Osmia avosetta Warncke, 1988
• Osmia azteca Cresson, 1878
• Osmia balearica Schmiedeknecht, 1885
• Osmia bella Cresson, 1878
• Osmia bicolor (Schrank, 1781)
• Osmia bicornis (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Osmia bidentata Morawitz, 1876
• Osmia bischoffi Atanassov, 1938
• Osmia botitena Cockerell, 1909
• Osmia breviata Warncke, 1988
• Osmia brevicornis (Fabricius, 1798)
• Osmia brevipes van der Zanden, 1994
• Osmia brevis Cresson, 1864
• Osmia bruneri Cockerell, 1897
• Osmia bucephala Cresson, 1864
• Osmia caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Osmia cahuilla Cooper, 1993
• Osmia calaminthae Rightmyer, Ascher & Griswold, 2011
• Osmia calcarata White, 1952
• Osmia californica Cresson, 1864
• Osmia calla Cockerell, 1897
• Osmia cara Cockerell, 1910
• Osmia caraformis
• Osmia carbo (van der Zanden, 1994)
• Osmia carbonum von Heyden, 1862
• 脊唇壁蜂 Osmia carinoclypearis Wu, 1985
• Osmia caulicola Cockerell, 1934
• Osmia centaureae Müller, 2018
• Osmia cephalotes Morawitz, 1870
• Osmia cerasi Cockerell, 1897
• 尖唇壁蜂 Osmia cerinthidis Morawitz, 1876
• Osmia chalybea Smith, 1853
• 中国壁蜂 Osmia chinensis Morawitz, 1890
• Osmia chrysaetos Warncke, 1988
• Osmia chrysolepta Haeseler, 2005
• Osmia cinctella Dours, 1873
• Osmia cinerea Warncke, 1988
• Osmia cinnabarina Pérez, 1895
• Osmia clarescens Cockerell, 1911
• Osmia clypearis Morawitz, 1871
• Osmia cobaltina Cresson, 1878
• 蓝壁蜂 Osmia coerulescens (Linneus,1758)
• Osmia collinsiae Robertson, 1905
• Osmia coloradensis Cresson, 1878
• 凹壁蜂 Osmia concavoclypearis Wu, 1985
• Osmia conjuncta Cresson, 1864
• Osmia conjunctoides Robertson, 1893
• Osmia cordata Robertson, 1902
• Osmia corniculata (van der Zanden, 1989)
• 角额壁蜂 Osmia cornifrons (Radoszkowski, 1887)
• Osmia cornuta (Latreille, 1805)
• Osmia crassa Rust & Bohart, 1986
• Osmia crinita Alfken, 1942
• Osmia croatica Friese, 1893
• Osmia croceiventris Radoszkowski, 1882
• Osmia cyanella Cockerell, 1897
• Osmia cyaneonitens Cockerell, 1906
• Osmia cyanescens Morawitz, 1875
• Osmia cyanopoda Cockerell, 1916
• Osmia cyanoxantha Pérez, 1879
• Osmia cyrenaica Peters, 1978
• Osmia dakotensis Michener, 1937
• Osmia damascena Pérez, 1911
• Osmia densa Cresson, 1864
• Osmia derasa Pérez, 1895
• Osmia dido Gribodo, 1894
• Osmia difficilis Morawitz, 1875
• Osmia dilaticornis Morawitz, 1875
• Osmia dimidiata Morawitz, 1870
• Osmia diomedia Warncke, 1988
• Osmia disjuncta Tkalcu, 1995
• Osmia distincta Cresson, 1864
• Osmia distinguenda (Tkalcu, 1974)^[4]
• Osmia dives Mocsáry, 1877
• Osmia dlabolae Tkalcu, 1978
• Osmia dolerosa Sandhouse, 1939
• Osmia dusmeti van der Zanden, 1998
• Osmia ednae Cockerell, 1907
• Osmia elegans (Tkalcu, 1992)
• Osmia emarginata Lepeletier, 1841
• Osmia enixa Sandhouse, 1924
• Osmia ephippiata Smith, 1879
• Osmia erythrogastra Ferton, 1905
• 凹唇壁蜂 Osmia excavata Alfken, 1903
• 缺口壁蜂 Osmia excisa Morawitz,1880
• Osmia exigua Cresson, 1878
• Osmia exquisita Griswold & Rightmyer, 2017
• Osmia fallax Pérez, 1895
• Osmia fasciata Latreille, 1811
• Osmia fedtschenkoi Morawitz, 1875
• Osmia felti Cockerell, 1911
• Osmia ferruginea Latreille, 1811
• Osmia fetschenkoi Morawitz, 1875
• Osmia forticornis van der Zanden, 1989
• Osmia foxi Cameron, 1901
• Osmia frieseana Ducke, 1899
• Osmia frunseensis Warncke, 1992
• 黄腹壁蜂 Osmia fulviventris (Panzer,1798)
• Osmia gabrielis Cockerell, 1910
• Osmia gallarum Spinola, 1808
• Osmia gaudiosa Cockerell, 1907
• Osmia gemmea Pérez, 1895
• Osmia georgica Cresson, 1878
• Osmia giffardi Sandhouse, 1939
• Osmia giliarum Cockerell, 1906
• Osmia glareola Warncke, 1988
• Osmia glauca (Fowler, 1899)
• Osmia gonzalezi Griswold & Rightmyer, 2017
• Osmia gracilicornis Pérez, 1895
• Osmia granulosa Cockerell, 1911
• Osmia grindeliae Cockerell, 1910
• Osmia grinnelli Cockerell, 1910
• Osmia gulmargensis Nurse, 1903
• Osmia gutturalis Warncke, 1988
• 丽壁蜂 Osmia haemorrhoa Morawitz, 1886
• Osmia heliaca Warncke, 1988
• Osmia helicicola Robinaeau, 1836
• Osmia helicola Robinaeau, 1836
• Osmia hellados van der Zanden, 1984
• Osmia hemera Sandhouse, 1939
• Osmia hermona Warncke, 1992
• Osmia hermonensis (Tkalcu, 1992)
• Osmia hesperos Sandhouse, 1939
• Osmia heteracantha Pérez, 1895
• Osmia iberica van der Zanden, 1987
• Osmia illinoensis Robertson, 1897
• Osmia imitatrix (Tkalcu, 1992)
• Osmia indeprensa Sandhouse, 1939
• Osmia indigotea Morawitz, 1875
• 无戎壁蜂 Osmia inermis (Zetterstedt, 1838)
• Osmia inspergens Lovell & Cockerell, 1907
• Osmia integra Cresson, 1878
• Osmia inurbana Cresson, 1878
• Osmia iridis Cockerell & Titus, 1902
• 石川壁蜂 Osmia ishikawai Hirashima, 1973
• 紫壁蜂 Osmia jacoti Cockerell, 1929
• Osmia jason Benoist, 1929
• 吉林壁蜂 Osmia jilinensis Wu, 2004
• Osmia juxta Cresson, 1864
• Osmia kashmirensis Nurse, 1903
• Osmia kincaidii Cockerell, 1897
• Osmia kirgisiana van der Zanden, 1994
• Osmia kohlii Ducke, 1899
• Osmia labialis Pérez, 1879
• Osmia lacunosa Griswold & Rightmyer, 2017
• Osmia lacus Sandhouse, 1939
• Osmia laeta Sandhouse, 1924
• Osmia lanei Sandhouse, 1939
• Osmia larochei Tkalcu, 1993
• Osmia laticauda Stanek, 1969
• Osmia laticella van der Zanden, 1986
• Osmia laticeps Thomson, 1872
• Osmia latisulcata Michener, 1936
• Osmia latreillei (Spinola, 1806)
• Osmia lazulina Benoist, 1928
• Osmia leaiana (Kirby, 1802)
• Osmia lhotelleriei Pérez, 1887
• Osmia lignaria Say, 1837
• Osmia ligurica Morawitz, 1868
• Osmia liogastra Cockerell, 1933
• Osmia livida Tkalcu, 1978
• Osmia lobata Friese, 1899
• Osmia longicornis Morawitz, 1875
• Osmia longula Cresson, 1864
• Osmia lunata Benoist, 1928
• Osmia lupinicola Cockerell, 1937
• Osmia madeirensis van der Zanden, 1991
• Osmia malina Cockerell, 1909
• Osmia maracandica Morawitz, 1894
• Osmia marginata Michener, 1936
• Osmia marginipennis Cresson, 1878
• Osmia (Diceratosmia) marilaunidii (Cockerell, 1914) Rightmyer, 2017
• Osmia marilaunidii Cockerell, 1914
• Osmia maritima Friese, 1885
• Osmia maxillaris Morawitz, 1875
• Osmia maxschwarzi Müller, 2012
• Osmia mediana Engel, 2006
• 黑头壁蜂 Osmia melanocephala Morawitz, 1875
• 黑腹壁蜂 Osmia melanogaster Spinola, 1808
• Osmia melanopleura Cockerell, 1916
• Osmia melanota Morawitz, 1888
• Osmia melanura Morawitz, 1871
• Osmia mertensiae Cockerell, 1907
• 小壁蜂 Osmia microdonta Cockerell, 1931
• Osmia mirhiji Mavromoustakis, 1957
• Osmia mixta Michener, 1936
• 蒙古壁蜂 Osmia mongolica Morawitz, 1880
• Osmia montana Cresson, 1864
• Osmia moreensis van der Zanden, 1984
• Osmia morongana Cockerell, 1937
• Osmia mustelina Gerstäcker, 1869
• Osmia mutensis Peters, 1978
• Osmia nana Morawitz, 1874
• Osmia nanula Cockerell, 1897
• Osmia nasoproducta Ferton, 1909
• Osmia nasuta Friese, 1899
• Osmia nearctica Rightmyer, Griswold & Arduser, 2010
• Osmia nemoris Sandhouse, 1924
• Osmia neocyanopoda Rust & Bohart, 1986
• Osmia nifoata Cockerell, 1909
• Osmia nigra Zeuner & Manning, 1976
• Osmia nigricollis Warncke, 1992
• Osmia nigrifrons Cresson, 1878
• 黑腹面壁蜂 Osmia nigriventris (Zetterstedt, 1838)
• Osmia nigrobarbata Cockerell, 1916
• Osmia nigrohirta Friese, 1899
• 黑毛刷壁蜂 Osmia nigroscopula (Wu, 1982)
• Osmia niveata (Fabricius, 1804)
• Osmia niveocincta Pérez, 1879
• Osmia notata (Fabricius, 1804)
• Osmia novaescotiae Cockerell, 1912
• Osmia nuda Friese, 1899
• Osmia obliqua White, 1952
• Osmia ocularis Warncke, 1988
• Osmia odontogaster Cockerell, 1897
• Osmia olgae (Tkalcu, 1978)
• Osmia onocrotala Warncke, 1988
• Osmia opima Romankova, 1985
• Osmia oramara Warncke, 1992
• Osmia orientalis Benoist, 1929
• Osmia padri (Tkalcu, 1974)
• Osmia pagosa Sandhouse, 1939
• Osmia palmae Tkalcu, 2001
• Osmia palmula Rightmyer & Griswold, 2010
• Osmia palmyrae van der Zanden, 1998
• 帕米尔壁蜂 Osmia pamirensis Gussakovsky, 1930
• Osmia paradisica Sandhouse, 1924
• Osmia parietina Curtis, 1828
• Osmia parva (Radoszkowski, 1874)
• 叉壁蜂 Osmia pedicornis Cockerell, 1919
• Osmia pennata Warncke, 1988
• Osmia pentstemonis Cockerell, 1906
• Osmia peregrina Warncke, 1988
• Osmia phenax Cockerell, 1897
• Osmia picena (Tkalcu, 1999)
• 皮氏壁蜂 Osmia pieli Cockerell, 1931
• Osmia pikei Cockerell, 1907
• 毛角壁蜂 Osmia pilicornis Smith, 1846
• Osmia pingreeana Michener, 1937
• Osmia pinguis Pérez, 1895
• Osmia pinorum Cockerell, 1935
• Osmia polkruga Warncke, 1992
• Osmia potentillae Michener, 1936
• Osmia prasina Morawitz, 1875
• Osmia pratincola Warncke, 1988
• Osmia proxima Cresson, 1864
• Osmia prunorum Cockerell, 1897
• Osmia pulsatillae Cockerell, 1907
• Osmia pumila Cresson, 1864
• Osmia punica Pérez, 1895
• Osmia purpurata Ducke, 1899
• Osmia pusilla Cresson, 1864
• 方角壁蜂 Osmia quadricornuta Wu, 2004
• Osmia quadridentata (Dumeril, 1860)
• Osmia ramona Warncke, 1992
• Osmia raritatis Michener, 1957
• Osmia rawlinsi Sandhouse, 1939
• Osmia regulina Cockerell, 1911
• Osmia relicta (Popov, 1954)
• Osmia rhodoensis (van der Zanden, 1983)
• Osmia ribifloris Cockerell, 1900
• Osmia rostrata Sandhouse, 1924
• 黄足壁蜂 Osmia rubripes Smith,1879
• Osmia rufigastra Lepeletier, 1841
• 红壁蜂 Osmia rufina Cockerell, 1931
• 拟红壁蜂 Osmia rufinoides Wu, 2004
• 红毛壁蜂 Osmia rufohirta Latreille, 1811
• Osmia rufotibialis Friese, 1920
• Osmia rutila Erichson, 1839
• Osmia sanctaerosae Cockerell, 1910
• Osmia sandhouseae Mitchell, 1927
• Osmia sanrafaelae Parker, 1985
• 怪唇壁蜂 Osmia satoi Yasumatsu & Hirashima, 1950
• Osmia saxatilis Warncke, 1988
• Osmia saxicola Ducke, 1899
• Osmia scheherazade Peters, 1978
• Osmia sculleni Sandhouse, 1939
• Osmia scutellaris Morawitz, 1868
• Osmia scutispina Gribodo, 1894
• Osmia sedula Sandhouse, 1924
• Osmia sequoiae Michener, 1936
• 陕西壁蜂 Osmia shaanxiensis Wu, 2004
• Osmia signata Erichson, 1839
• Osmia simillima Smith, 1853
• 简壁蜂 Osmia simplex Morawitz, 1875
• Osmia sogdiana Morawitz, 1875
• Osmia solitaria Sandhouse, 1924
• Osmia sparsipuncta Alfken, 1914
• Osmia spinicoxa Müller, 2020
• Osmia spinigera Latreille, 1811
• Osmia spinulifera Griswold & Rightmyer, 2017
• Osmia spinulosa (Kirby, 1802)
• Osmia sponsa Nurse, 1904
• Osmia stangei Genaro, 2001
• Osmia steinmanni Müller, 2002
• Osmia subarctica Cockerell, 1912
• Osmia subaustralis Cockerell, 1900
• Osmia subcornuta Morawitz, 1875
• Osmia subfasciata Cresson, 1872
• Osmia submicans Morawitz, 1870
• 拟简壁蜂 Osmia subtersa Cockerell, 1930
• Osmia svenssoni Tkalcu, 1983
• Osmia sybarita Smith, 1853
• Osmia tadjika Warncke, 1992
• Osmia tanneri Sandhouse, 1939
• Osmia tarsata Provancher, 1888
• 壮壁蜂 Osmia taurus Smith, 1873
• Osmia tawildara Warncke, 1992
• Osmia tergestensis Ducke, 1897
• Osmia tersula Cockerell, 1912
• Osmia teunisseni van der Zanden, 1981
• Osmia texana Cresson, 1872
• Osmia thoracica Radoszkowski, 1874
• Osmia thysanisca Michener, 1957
• Osmia tingitana Benoist, 1969
• Osmia tokopahensis Michener, 1936
• Osmia torquata Warncke, 1988
• Osmia trevoris Cockerell, 1897
• Osmia tricornis Latreille, 1811
• Osmia tricuspidata Dours, 1873
• Osmia trifoliama Sandhouse, 1939
• Osmia tristella Cockerell, 1897
• Osmia tunensis (Fabricius, 1787)
• 土库曼壁蜂 Osmia turcestanica Dalla Torre,1875
• Osmia tyrneri (Tkalcu, 1992)
• Osmia unca Michener, 1937
• Osmia uncicornis Pérez, 1895
• Osmia uncinata Gerstäcker, 1869
• Osmia vandykei Sandhouse, 1924
• Osmia versicolor Latreille, 1811
• 寡壁蜂 Osmia vidua Gestaecker,1869
• Osmia virga Sandhouse, 1939
• Osmia viridana Morawitz, 1874
• Osmia warnckei (Tkalcu, 1992)
• Osmia watsoni Cockerell, 1911
• Osmia wyomingensis Michener, 1936
• Osmia xanthomelana (Kirby, 1802)
• 延边壁蜂 Osmia yanbianensis Wu, 2004
• Osmia zarzisa Warncke, 1992
• Osmia zephyros Sandhouse, 1939

参考文献

1. 闫卓; 王丽娜,门兴元,肖云丽,戈峰,欧阳芳. 苹果园周围生境对凹唇壁蜂种群的维持作用. 应用昆虫学报. 2018, 55 (6) [2022-08-02].  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
2. 袁锋; 黄尚志. 陕西省壁蜂区系调查与利用研究：膜翅目：切叶蜂科. 昆虫分类学报. 1992, (2): 148–152 [2022-08-02].  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
3. 窦飞越; 李红英，宋海涛，寇若玫，周泽扬，罗阿蓉，黄敦元. 凹唇壁蜂的营巢生物学研究. 环境昆虫学报. 2022, 44 (1): 184–193 [2022-08-02]. （原始内容于2022-06-21）.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
4. Andreas Müller. 2018. Palaearctic Osmia Bees of the Subgenus Hoplosmia (Megachilidae, Osmiini): Biology, Taxonomy and Key to Species. Zootaxa. 4415(2); 297–329. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4415.2.4