^ 3.03.1. La Brea Tar Pits & Museum. [14 March 2017]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-11）.
^Bell, C.J.; et al. The Blancan, Irvingtonian, and Rancholabrean mammal ages. Woodburne, M.O. (编). Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic Mammals of North America: Biostratigraphy and Geochronology. New York: Columbia Univ. Press. 2004: 232–314. ISBN 0-231-13040-6.
^ 5.05.1Scott, E.; Cox, S.M. Late Pleistocene distribution of Bison (Mammalia; Artiodactyla) in the Mojave Desert of Southern California and Nevada. Wang, X.; Barnes, L.G. (编). Geology and Vertebrate Paleontology of Western and Southern North America. Los Angeles: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 2008: 359–382.
^Sanders, A.E.; R.E. Weems & L.B. Albright III. Formalization of the mid-Pleistocene "Ten Mile Hill beds" in South Carolina with evidence for placement of the Irvingtonian–Rancholabrean boundary. Albright III, L.B. (编). Papers on Geology, Vertebrate Paleontology, and Biostratigraphy in Honor of Michael O. Woodburne. Flagstaff: Museum of Northern Arizona. 2009: 369–375.
^Wilson, M.C. & L.V. Hills, B. Shapiro. Late Pleistocene northward-dispersing Bison antiquus from the Bighill Creek Formation, Gallelli Gravel Pit, Alberta, Canada, and the fate of Bison occidentalis. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 2008, 45 (7): 827–859. Bibcode:2008CaJES..45..827W. doi:10.1139/E08-027.
古風野牛, 學名, bison, antiquus, 是1萬年前更新世晚期時北美洲最普遍的大型草食性動物, 且是現存美洲野牛的直接祖先, 化石时期, preЄ, 全身骨架保护状况化石科学分类界, 动物界, animalia门, 脊索动物门, chordata纲, 哺乳纲, mammalia目, 偶蹄目, artiodactyla科, 牛科, bovidae属, 野牛属, bison种, antiquus二名法, bison, antiquusleidy, 1852, 描述, 编辑, nbsp, 的頭顱骨西伯利亞野牛. 古風野牛 學名 Bison antiquus 是1萬年前更新世晚期時北美洲最普遍的大型草食性動物 且是現存美洲野牛的直接祖先 3 古風野牛 化石时期 0 24 0 01 Ma PreYe Ye O S D C P T J K Pg N 古風野牛全身骨架保护状况化石科学分类界 动物界 Animalia门 脊索动物门 Chordata纲 哺乳纲 Mammalia目 偶蹄目 Artiodactyla科 牛科 Bovidae属 野牛属 Bison种 古風野牛 B antiquus二名法 Bison antiquusLeidy 1852 1 2 描述 编辑 nbsp 古風野牛的頭顱骨西伯利亞野牛於更新世冰河時期 大約 240 000 至 220 000 年前 4 5 6 從西伯利亞遷徙至阿拉斯加 西伯利亞野牛於300萬年前在北美洲發展成長角野牛 約距今2萬2千年前 長角野牛被古風野牛所取代 古風野牛於1萬8千年前開始大量繁殖 並於1萬年前與其他更新世大型動物群一同滅絕 5 而在這之後美洲野牛出現 直到現今 7 古風野牛在拉布雷亞瀝青坑中是最為普遍的草食性動物 3 對比現今的美洲野牛屬 古風野牛體型較高 骨頭及角較大 體型上較現存的美洲野牛大上 15 25 肩高可達 2 27米 7 4英尺 體長可達 4 6米 15英尺 體重則可達 1 588公斤 3 501英磅 8 古風野牛雙角角尖之間的距離約為 1米 3 3英尺 參考文獻 编辑 Leidy amp 1852a 117 sfn error no target CITEREFLeidy1852a117 help Leidy 1852b amp 11 sfn error no target CITEREFLeidy1852b11 help 3 0 3 1 Animals of the La Brea Tar Pits Timeline La Brea Tar Pits amp Museum 14 March 2017 原始内容存档于2018 01 11 Bell C J et al The Blancan Irvingtonian and Rancholabrean mammal ages Woodburne M O 编 Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic Mammals of North America Biostratigraphy and Geochronology New York Columbia Univ Press 2004 232 314 ISBN 0 231 13040 6 5 0 5 1 Scott E Cox S M Late Pleistocene distribution of Bison Mammalia Artiodactyla in the Mojave Desert of Southern California and Nevada Wang X Barnes L G 编 Geology and Vertebrate Paleontology of Western and Southern North America Los Angeles Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 2008 359 382 Sanders A E R E Weems amp L B Albright III Formalization of the mid Pleistocene Ten Mile Hill beds in South Carolina with evidence for placement of the Irvingtonian Rancholabrean boundary Albright III L B 编 Papers on Geology Vertebrate Paleontology and Biostratigraphy in Honor of Michael O Woodburne Flagstaff Museum of Northern Arizona 2009 369 375 Wilson M C amp L V Hills B Shapiro Late Pleistocene northward dispersing Bison antiquus from the Bighill Creek Formation Gallelli Gravel Pit Alberta Canada and the fate of Bison occidentalis Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 2008 45 7 827 859 Bibcode 2008CaJES 45 827W doi 10 1139 E08 027 存档副本 2018 10 15 原始内容存档于2011 08 21 外部連結 编辑數位典藏與數位學習聯合目錄 古風野牛頭顱骨 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Ancient Bison foot fossil 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Paleobiology Database Bison antiquus 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 維基物種上的相關信息 古風野牛 nbsp 灭绝与濒危物种主题 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 古風野牛 amp oldid 68267117, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，
