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维基百科

便利朗角

便利朗角[1][2](英語:Bennelong Point,或譯班納隆角本尼朗角[3]贝尼朗角[4])是澳大利亚新南威尔士悉尼港的一个岬角[5]。自从1970年代以来,便利朗角就因作为悉尼歌剧院的所在地而闻名于世。[6][7]

便利朗角
Bennelong Point
位于便利朗角的地标建筑——悉尼歌剧院
便利朗角在悉尼中央区地图中的位置(图上红点)
位置悉尼,新南威尔士州,澳大利亚
座標33°51′24″S 151°12′54″E / 33.8567°S 151.2150°E / -33.8567; 151.2150坐标33°51′24″S 151°12′54″E / 33.8567°S 151.2150°E / -33.8567; 151.2150
属于悉尼
近海水体南太平洋
地质海角

历史 编辑

 
被英国殖民者聘为翻译官的当地土著居民“便利朗”(Bennelong)。此地因而得名。

在殖民时代开始之前,便利朗角便被当地的土著民族尕迪盖尔人[註 1][9]称为Dubbagullee[10]

十九世纪以前的便利朗角其实是一个小潮汐岛[11]。满潮的时候,其北端与悉尼湾南部的海岸彻底被潮水隔开,而在其他的大部分时候则与海湾连成一体,形成一个半岛海岬。便利朗角,或者说“便利朗岛”主要由岩石组成,在其西侧有一个天然的小海滩。在1788年殖民舰队刚刚在悉尼湾登陆的最初一段时间内,由于总督亚瑟·菲利普与他率领的的殖民舰队从开普敦带来澳洲的第一批牛和马都被圈养在此处,这个海角被殖民者称为牛角(Cattle Point)[12]

由于潮汐岛的潮间带很适合贝壳的生长繁殖,便利朗角周围的浅海内牡蛎众多,土著居民也因此以此为食。登陆后,殖民者发现在该地区散落很多当地土著住民长年采集牡蛎肉后随手丢弃的牡蛎壳[13]。成年累月,几乎堆积成山。见此情景,抱着资源利用的想法,殖民官员命令随舰队到达的流放女囚将这些牡蛎壳重新收集起来,烧成石灰,拌为水泥砂浆以建设这个一穷二白的新殖民地。由于这段往事,这个海角被赋予了殖民者登陆以来的第二个名字:石灰烧工角(Limeburners'Point)[14]。不过在烧完了海角上堆积的所有牡蛎壳之后,生产出来的所有石灰也仅仅勉强够建起一座建筑物——一栋堪堪两层的政府大楼。 [15]

1790年代初期,被英国殖民者聘为翻译官的当地土著居民“便利朗”(Bennelong)要求时任总督亚瑟·菲利普在此地为他建造一座砖砌小屋作为报酬并以他的名字为此地命名[16]。总督恩准了他的请求,这片海岬从此便定下了“便利朗角”这个沿用至今的名字[17]

1798年12月,威廉·肯特(时任海军中校)带领殖民者用卸下的第一殖民舰队英语First Fleet中“补给号”军舰(HMS Supply英语HMS Supply[18]的舰炮,在便利朗角的最北端建造了一个半月形的炮台[19],即麦格理堡,以保卫这个新生的脆弱殖民地[20]。麦格理堡经过多次扩建及改造,最终在20世纪伊始退出现役,交由地方当局改建为电车停车场。[21]

在1818年至1821年期间,当地的一个主要功能就是作为殖民地区的采石场[22]。为了开辟出一块平整的场地并为麦格理堡的建造提供合适的石材,整个海岬上的崎岖丘陵全部被挖平,潮间带也全部被采下的岩石所填满。自此,便利朗角彻底脱离了潮汐岛的身份,成为了一个永久的海岬。除了建造堡垒以外,采自便利朗角的一部分石材也被用以修筑从悉尼湾农场湾的一条道路。这条当年的石头小径,就是现如今悉尼海湾的塔沛安大道(Tarpeian Way)的前身[23]

在此之后,直到1950年代后期因为开工建设悉尼歌剧院而进行了大规模挖掘之前,好几代人都几乎遗忘了这个看似天成的海岬其实曾经是一个潮汐岛。这个事实终究在为了建设歌剧院而进行的地质调查中被“重新发现”,并通过查阅古籍纪录被证实。在世界闻名的歌剧院被建造起来之前,便利朗角曾是一个电车站的所在地[24]

图集 编辑

附近 编辑

注释 编辑

  1. ^ 关于该土著民族的名称,英文档案中有Cadigal, Gadigal和Caddiegal三种拼写方法。而由此土著民族组成的土著国家被记载称为Eora, Iyora或Yura。[8]

参考 编辑

  1. ^ 歐陽昱. 譯心雕蟲:一個澳華作家的翻譯筆記. 臺北: 釀出版. 2013: 88 [2023-03-28]. ISBN 978-986-5871-53-6. (原始内容于2023-03-29) (中文(臺灣)). Bennelong Point是雪梨歌劇院所在地,網上——估計大約雪梨的華人百姓也是這麼叫的——把它翻譯成「便利朗角」。 
  2. ^ 悉尼歌剧院. 《中国大百科全书》第三版网络版. [2023-03-31]. (原始内容于2023-03-31). 
  3. ^ 中国地图出版社. 澳大利亚地图册. 北京: 中国地图出版社. 2008: 85. ISBN 7-5031-4627-3. 
  4. ^ 卜爱萍, 魏国富编著. 实用艺术文化英语. 上海: 复旦大学出版社. 2009: 100. ISBN 978-7-309-06736-1. 
  5. ^ 悉尼市旅游指南. https://www.visitsydneyaustralia.com.au/. 2023-03-28. (原始内容于2023-03-21). Once a small island little more than a strong of rocks, the extreme tip of what is now known as Bennelong Point is today the site of one of the world's most well known 20th century buildings - The Sydney Opera House. 
  6. ^ Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water. 澳大利亚气候变化环境水文能源部官网关于悉尼歌剧院的世界遗产地位的介绍。World Heritage Places - The Sydney Opera House. https://www.dcceew.gov.au/. [2023-03-27]. (原始内容于2023-03-27). 
  7. ^ UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 联合国教科文组织关于悉尼歌剧院的介绍以及其入选世界文化遗产的原因。The List - Sydney Opera House. https://whc.unesco.org/. [2023-03-27]. (原始内容于2023-03-27). 
  8. ^ King, Robert J. (1986). "Eora and English at Port Jackson: A Spanish View" (PDF). (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)Aboriginal History. 10 (1): 47–58.“The Aborigines of the Port Jackson area, the Eora (or ‘Iyora’) as they called themselves, had tested and felt the strength of the Bereewalgal — the ‘people from afar’.”
  9. ^ City of Sydney. Aboriginal histories (html). https://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/. [2023-03-28]. (原始内容于2021-04-01) (English). There are about 29 clan groups of the Sydney metropolitan area referred to collectively as the Eora Nation. The ‘Eora people’ was the name given to the coastal Aboriginal peoples around Sydney. ‘Eora’ means ‘here’ or ‘from this place’. The Gadigal are a clan of the Eora Nation. 
  10. ^ Bennelong Point / Dubbagullee. sydneybarani.com.au. City of Sydney. [2018-09-20]. (原始内容于2023-03-27). 
  11. ^ Lucy Davidson. 便利朗角的今生前世。Bennelong Point - History and Facts. https://www.historyhit.com/. [2023-03-27]. (原始内容于2023-03-27) (English). Bennelong Point is known to the local indigenous Gadigal people of the Eora nation as Tubowgule. It was originally a small tidal island which was made up of rocks and a small beach. It is located on the tip of the eastern arm of Sydney Cove, and protrudes into Port Jackson (Sydney’s natural harbour). 
  12. ^ Stephen Yarrow. 悉尼湾南端海岸的地理特征。Geographical Features: Sydney Habour Southern Shore.. https://www.visitsydneyaustralia.com.au/. [2023-03-27]. (原始内容于2023-03-17) (English). The first midden to be used was the one on Cattle Point, which led to it becoming known as Limeburner's Point. 
  13. ^ Stephen Yarrow. 悉尼往事:便利朗岛。Lost Sydney: Bennelong Island (html). Pocket Guide to Sydney. [2023-03-27]. (原始内容于2023-03-21) (English). Within a year of the colony's founding, the middens or piles of discarded oysters left by generations of aborigines feasting on the shellfish of the harbour began to be burnt and ground down by groups of convicts to make the lime needed for mortar in brick construction. 
  14. ^ 新南威尔士州州立图书馆:悉尼大典(Dictionary of Sydney)--便利朗角。. The Dictionary of Sydney. [2023-03-27]. (原始内容于2022-11-26). 
  15. ^ Hughes, Robert. The Fatal Shore (paperback 1996). 1987: section 1.iii (page 11), and section 4.ii (page 90). ISBN 1-86046-150-6. 
  16. ^ Keith Vincent Smith. 新南威尔士州州立图书馆:悉尼大典(Dictionary of Sydney)--“便利朗”(Bennelong(Eora man)) (html). The Dictionary of Sydney. [2023-03-27]. (原始内容于2020-11-25) (English). At Bennelong's request, Phillip built him a brick hut 'on a point of land fixed upon by himself' on the headland at Tubowgulle, now Bennelong Point and the site of the Sydney Opera House. It was 12 feet (3.5 metres) square and had a tiled roof and an external fireplace. Phillip had a tin shield made for Bennelong, to ward off the spears of his enemies'. 
  17. ^ Sydney Opera House. 悉尼歌剧院官网,“悉尼歌剧院的15个不为人知的小细节”,第一条。Interesting facts about the Sydney Opera House - 15 pieces of useful trivia about the beloved building (html). https://www.sydneyoperahouse.com/. [2023-03-27]. (原始内容于2018-10-11) (English). Sydney Opera House sits on Bennelong Point. Bennelong Point was named after Woollarawarre Bennelong, a senior Eora man at the time of the arrival of British colonisers in Australia in 1788. 
  18. ^ Museums of History NSW. 新南威尔士州历史博物馆,“补给号”军舰简介。Museums of History NSW: HMS Supply - Naval ship.. https://mhnsw.au/. [2023-03-27]. (原始内容于2023-03-27) (English). 
  19. ^ The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser. Vanishing Sydney. https://trove.nla.gov.au/. Sydney, NSW, Australia: National Library of Australia: 539. [2023-03-29]. (原始内容于2021-10-20). In a statement of public works for 1798 it is men tioned that a half-moon battery on the extreme end of the point was completed in December, and a few guns from the Supply were mounted by the ship's company. This is the battery M. Peron refers to when he describes Sydney as he saw it 1802. 
  20. ^ David Morgan. 新南威尔士州州立图书馆:悉尼大典(Dictionary of Sydney)--麦夸里堡(Fort Macquarie) (html). The Dictionary of Sydney. [2023-03-27]. (原始内容于2023-03-27) (English). Square castellated fort built on Bennelong Point, incorporating some of the guns taken from HMS Supply. 
  21. ^ Macquarie University. Journeys in Time - FORT MACQUARIE (HTMI). https://www.mq.edu.au/macquarie-archive/. Macquarie University. [2023-03-29]. (原始内容于2023-03-29) (English). Fort Macquarie was demolished in 1901 to make way for the new electric tramway sheds. The new building was constructed of red brick and sandstone with a facade adorned with crenellated towers, parapets and convex bay walls. It was named the Fort Macquarie Depot and opened on 10 August 1902. It was demolished in 1959 to allow for the construction of the Sydney Opera House.  外部链接存在于|website= (帮助)
  22. ^ Paul Ashton. 新南威尔士州州立图书馆:悉尼大典(Dictionary of Sydney)--东环采石场(East Circular Quay)。 (html). The Dictionary of Sydney. [2023-03-27]. (原始内容于2021-02-27) (English). hus, while animals grazed on the rocky outcrop, the tip of which was first known as 'Cattle' and later 'Bennelong Point', the initial decisions about the spatial arrangements for the new settlement were to have long-term meaning for the development of the area around Sydney Cove and its immediate environs. Convict, military and some civil establishments were centred on the western side of the cove, and land to the east was reserved for the governor's benefit and for administrative and legal establishments. 
  23. ^ 新南威尔士州州立图书馆:悉尼大典(Dictionary of Sydney)--塔沛安岩石(Tarpeian Rock) (html). The Dictionary of Sydney. [2023-03-27]. (原始内容于2023-03-27) (English). A stairway constructed in the 1880s connects the Sydney Opera House to the top of the rock and Domain and is known as the Tarpeian Way. 
  24. ^ 新南威尔士州州立图书馆:悉尼大典(Dictionary of Sydney)--麦夸里堡电车停车场(Fort Macquarie Tram Depot) (html). The Dictionary of Sydney. [2023-03-27]. (原始内容于2023-03-27) (English). Castellated brick building constructed in 1902 on the site of Fort Macquarie on Bennelong Point as a terminus and depot for the city's tram network. 

便利朗角, 英語, bennelong, point, 或譯班納隆角, 本尼朗角, 贝尼朗角, 是澳大利亚新南威尔士州悉尼港的一个岬角, 自从1970年代以来, 就因作为悉尼歌剧院的所在地而闻名于世, bennelong, point位于的地标建筑, 悉尼歌剧院在悉尼中央区地图中的位置, 图上红点, 位置悉尼, 新南威尔士州, 澳大利亚座標33, 8567, 2150, 8567, 2150, 坐标, 8567, 2150, 8567, 2150属于悉尼近海水体南太平洋地质海角, 目录, 历史, 图集, 附近, 注. 便利朗角 1 2 英語 Bennelong Point 或譯班納隆角 本尼朗角 3 贝尼朗角 4 是澳大利亚新南威尔士州悉尼港的一个岬角 5 自从1970年代以来 便利朗角就因作为悉尼歌剧院的所在地而闻名于世 6 7 便利朗角Bennelong Point位于便利朗角的地标建筑 悉尼歌剧院便利朗角在悉尼中央区地图中的位置 图上红点 位置悉尼 新南威尔士州 澳大利亚座標33 51 24 S 151 12 54 E 33 8567 S 151 2150 E 33 8567 151 2150 坐标 33 51 24 S 151 12 54 E 33 8567 S 151 2150 E 33 8567 151 2150属于悉尼近海水体南太平洋地质海角 目录 1 历史 2 图集 3 附近 4 注释 5 参考历史 编辑 nbsp 被英国殖民者聘为翻译官的当地土著居民 便利朗 Bennelong 此地因而得名 在殖民时代开始之前 便利朗角便被当地的土著民族尕迪盖尔人 註 1 9 称为Dubbagullee 10 十九世纪以前的便利朗角其实是一个小潮汐岛 11 满潮的时候 其北端与悉尼湾南部的海岸彻底被潮水隔开 而在其他的大部分时候则与海湾连成一体 形成一个半岛海岬 便利朗角 或者说 便利朗岛 主要由岩石组成 在其西侧有一个天然的小海滩 在1788年殖民舰队刚刚在悉尼湾登陆的最初一段时间内 由于总督亚瑟 菲利普与他率领的的殖民舰队从开普敦带来澳洲的第一批牛和马都被圈养在此处 这个海角被殖民者称为牛角 Cattle Point 12 由于潮汐岛的潮间带很适合贝壳的生长繁殖 便利朗角周围的浅海内牡蛎众多 土著居民也因此以此为食 登陆后 殖民者发现在该地区散落很多当地土著住民长年采集牡蛎肉后随手丢弃的牡蛎壳 13 成年累月 几乎堆积成山 见此情景 抱着资源利用的想法 殖民官员命令随舰队到达的流放女囚将这些牡蛎壳重新收集起来 烧成石灰 拌为水泥砂浆以建设这个一穷二白的新殖民地 由于这段往事 这个海角被赋予了殖民者登陆以来的第二个名字 石灰烧工角 Limeburners Point 14 不过在烧完了海角上堆积的所有牡蛎壳之后 生产出来的所有石灰也仅仅勉强够建起一座建筑物 一栋堪堪两层的政府大楼 15 1790年代初期 被英国殖民者聘为翻译官的当地土著居民 便利朗 Bennelong 要求时任总督亚瑟 菲利普在此地为他建造一座砖砌小屋作为报酬并以他的名字为此地命名 16 总督恩准了他的请求 这片海岬从此便定下了 便利朗角 这个沿用至今的名字 17 1798年12月 威廉 肯特 时任海军中校 带领殖民者用卸下的第一殖民舰队 英语 First Fleet 中 补给号 军舰 HMS Supply 英语 HMS Supply 18 的舰炮 在便利朗角的最北端建造了一个半月形的炮台 19 即麦格理堡 以保卫这个新生的脆弱殖民地 20 麦格理堡经过多次扩建及改造 最终在20世纪伊始退出现役 交由地方当局改建为电车停车场 21 在1818年至1821年期间 当地的一个主要功能就是作为殖民地区的采石场 22 为了开辟出一块平整的场地并为麦格理堡的建造提供合适的石材 整个海岬上的崎岖丘陵全部被挖平 潮间带也全部被采下的岩石所填满 自此 便利朗角彻底脱离了潮汐岛的身份 成为了一个永久的海岬 除了建造堡垒以外 采自便利朗角的一部分石材也被用以修筑从悉尼湾到农场湾的一条道路 这条当年的石头小径 就是现如今悉尼海湾的塔沛安大道 Tarpeian Way 的前身 23 在此之后 直到1950年代后期因为开工建设悉尼歌剧院而进行了大规模挖掘之前 好几代人都几乎遗忘了这个看似天成的海岬其实曾经是一个潮汐岛 这个事实终究在为了建设歌剧院而进行的地质调查中被 重新发现 并通过查阅古籍纪录被证实 在世界闻名的歌剧院被建造起来之前 便利朗角曾是一个电车站的所在地 24 图集 编辑 nbsp 约1841年时 从便利朗角北端堡垒向悉尼湾眺望的海景 nbsp 1845年的便利朗角水彩画 nbsp 1880年代的悉尼湾 近处半岛为便利朗角 其背后为农场湾 nbsp 1920 年代的便利朗角 nbsp 1939年 时任澳洲总理约瑟夫 莱昂斯在悉尼突发心脏病离世 照片摄于其遗体在葬礼后于便利朗角登上军舰 归葬其位于塔斯马尼亚州的故里 nbsp 1940年代的便利朗角 nbsp 1958年拆除前不久的麦夸里堡电车站 nbsp 悉尼歌剧院与悉尼天际线夜景 摄于2008年 nbsp 航拍俯瞰如今的便利朗角 摄于2010 年 nbsp 从便利朗角北望悉尼夜景 摄于2017年 nbsp 从东面鸟瞰便利朗角 摄于2019年附近 编辑农场湾 悉尼海港大桥注释 编辑 关于该土著民族的名称 英文档案中有Cadigal Gadigal和Caddiegal三种拼写方法 而由此土著民族组成的土著国家被记载称为Eora Iyora或Yura 8 参考 编辑 歐陽昱 譯心雕蟲 一個澳華作家的翻譯筆記 臺北 釀出版 2013 88 2023 03 28 ISBN 978 986 5871 53 6 原始内容存档于2023 03 29 中文 臺灣 Bennelong Point是雪梨歌劇院所在地 網上 估計大約雪梨的華人百姓也是這麼叫的 把它翻譯成 便利朗角 悉尼歌剧院 中国大百科全书 第三版网络版 2023 03 31 原始内容存档于2023 03 31 中国地图出版社 澳大利亚地图册 北京 中国地图出版社 2008 85 ISBN 7 5031 4627 3 卜爱萍 魏国富编著 实用艺术文化英语 上海 复旦大学出版社 2009 100 ISBN 978 7 309 06736 1 悉尼市旅游指南 https www visitsydneyaustralia com au 2023 03 28 原始内容存档于2023 03 21 Once a small island little more than a strong of rocks the extreme tip of what is now known as Bennelong Point is today the site of one of the world s most well known 20th century buildings The Sydney Opera House Department of Climate Change Energy the Environment and Water 澳大利亚气候变化环境水文能源部官网关于悉尼歌剧院的世界遗产地位的介绍 World Heritage Places The Sydney Opera House https www dcceew gov au 2023 03 27 原始内容存档于2023 03 27 UNESCO World Heritage Centre 联合国教科文组织关于悉尼歌剧院的介绍以及其入选世界文化遗产的原因 The List Sydney Opera House https whc unesco org 2023 03 27 原始内容存档于2023 03 27 King Robert J 1986 Eora and English at Port Jackson A Spanish View PDF 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Aboriginal History 10 1 47 58 The Aborigines of the Port Jackson area the Eora or Iyora as they called themselves had tested and felt the strength of the Bereewalgal the people from afar City of Sydney Aboriginal histories html https www cityofsydney nsw gov au 2023 03 28 原始内容存档于2021 04 01 English There are about 29 clan groups of the Sydney metropolitan area referred to collectively as the Eora Nation The Eora people was the name given to the coastal Aboriginal peoples around Sydney Eora means here or from this place The Gadigal are a clan of the Eora Nation 引文格式1维护 未识别语文类型 link Bennelong Point Dubbagullee sydneybarani com au City of Sydney 2018 09 20 原始内容存档于2023 03 27 Lucy Davidson 便利朗角的今生前世 Bennelong Point History and Facts https www historyhit com 2023 03 27 原始内容存档于2023 03 27 English Bennelong Point is known to the local indigenous Gadigal people of the Eora nation as Tubowgule It was originally a small tidal island which was made up of rocks and a small beach It is located on the tip of the eastern arm of Sydney Cove and protrudes into Port Jackson Sydney s natural harbour 引文格式1维护 未识别语文类型 link Stephen Yarrow 悉尼湾南端海岸的地理特征 Geographical Features Sydney Habour Southern Shore https www visitsydneyaustralia com au 2023 03 27 原始内容存档于2023 03 17 English The first midden to be used was the one on Cattle Point which led to it becoming known as Limeburner s Point 引文格式1维护 未识别语文类型 link Stephen Yarrow 悉尼往事 便利朗岛 Lost Sydney Bennelong Island html Pocket Guide to Sydney 2023 03 27 原始内容存档于2023 03 21 English Within a year of the colony s founding the middens or piles of discarded oysters left by generations of aborigines feasting on the shellfish of the harbour began to be burnt and ground down by groups of convicts to make the lime needed for mortar in brick construction 引文格式1维护 未识别语文类型 link 新南威尔士州州立图书馆 悉尼大典 Dictionary of Sydney 便利朗角 The Dictionary of Sydney 2023 03 27 原始内容存档于2022 11 26 Hughes Robert The Fatal Shore paperback 1996 1987 section 1 iii page 11 and section 4 ii page 90 ISBN 1 86046 150 6 Keith Vincent Smith 新南威尔士州州立图书馆 悉尼大典 Dictionary of Sydney 便利朗 Bennelong Eora man html The Dictionary of Sydney 2023 03 27 原始内容存档于2020 11 25 English At Bennelong s request Phillip built him a brick hut on a point of land fixed upon by himself on the headland at Tubowgulle now Bennelong Point and the site of the Sydney Opera House It was 12 feet 3 5 metres square and had a tiled roof and an external fireplace Phillip had a tin shield made for Bennelong to ward off the spears of his enemies 引文格式1维护 未识别语文类型 link Sydney Opera House 悉尼歌剧院官网 悉尼歌剧院的15个不为人知的小细节 第一条 Interesting facts about the Sydney Opera House 15 pieces of useful trivia about the beloved building html https www sydneyoperahouse com 2023 03 27 原始内容存档于2018 10 11 English Sydney Opera House sits on Bennelong Point Bennelong Point was named after Woollarawarre Bennelong a senior Eora man at the time of the arrival of British colonisers in Australia in 1788 引文格式1维护 未识别语文类型 link Museums of History NSW 新南威尔士州历史博物馆 补给号 军舰简介 Museums of History NSW HMS Supply Naval ship https mhnsw au 2023 03 27 原始内容存档于2023 03 27 English 引文格式1维护 未识别语文类型 link The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser Vanishing Sydney https trove nla gov au Sydney NSW Australia National Library of Australia 539 2023 03 29 原始内容存档于2021 10 20 In a statement of public works for 1798 it is men tioned that a half moon battery on the extreme end of the point was completed in December and a few guns from the Supply were mounted by the ship s company This is the battery M Peron refers to when he describes Sydney as he saw it 1802 David Morgan 新南威尔士州州立图书馆 悉尼大典 Dictionary of Sydney 麦夸里堡 Fort Macquarie html The Dictionary of Sydney 2023 03 27 原始内容存档于2023 03 27 English Square castellated fort built on Bennelong Point incorporating some of the guns taken from HMS Supply 引文格式1维护 未识别语文类型 link Macquarie University Journeys in Time FORT MACQUARIE HTMI https www mq edu au macquarie archive Macquarie University 2023 03 29 原始内容存档于2023 03 29 English Fort Macquarie was demolished in 1901 to make way for the new electric tramway sheds The new building was constructed of red brick and sandstone with a facade adorned with crenellated towers parapets and convex bay walls It was named the Fort Macquarie Depot and opened on 10 August 1902 It was demolished in 1959 to allow for the construction of the Sydney Opera House 外部链接存在于 website 帮助 引文格式1维护 未识别语文类型 link Paul Ashton 新南威尔士州州立图书馆 悉尼大典 Dictionary of Sydney 东环采石场 East Circular Quay html The Dictionary of Sydney 2023 03 27 原始内容存档于2021 02 27 English hus while animals grazed on the rocky outcrop the tip of which was first known as Cattle and later Bennelong Point the initial decisions about the spatial arrangements for the new settlement were to have long term meaning for the development of the area around Sydney Cove and its immediate environs Convict military and some civil establishments were centred on the western side of the cove and land to the east was reserved for the governor s benefit and for administrative and legal establishments 引文格式1维护 未识别语文类型 link 新南威尔士州州立图书馆 悉尼大典 Dictionary of Sydney 塔沛安岩石 Tarpeian Rock html The Dictionary of Sydney 2023 03 27 原始内容存档于2023 03 27 English A stairway constructed in the 1880s connects the Sydney Opera House to the top of the rock and Domain and is known as the Tarpeian Way 引文格式1维护 未识别语文类型 link 新南威尔士州州立图书馆 悉尼大典 Dictionary of Sydney 麦夸里堡电车停车场 Fort Macquarie Tram Depot html The Dictionary of Sydney 2023 03 27 原始内容存档于2023 03 27 English Castellated brick building constructed in 1902 on the site of Fort Macquarie on Bennelong Point as a terminus and depot for the city s tram network 引文格式1维护 未识别语文类型 link 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 便利朗角 amp oldid 78001863, 维基百科,wiki,书籍,书籍,图书馆,

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