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维基百科

T4噬菌体

T4噬菌体是噬菌体的一个品系,属于T-系噬菌体,为烈性噬菌体。具有典型的蝌蚪状外形:六角形的头部和可收缩的长的尾部。头部的蛋白质外壳内含有折叠的DNA分子;尾部的蛋白质外壳为一中空的长管,外面包有可收缩的尾鞘。头部大小为65*95nm,颈部长95nm,尾部120nm。

Bacteriophage T4 Structural Model at Atomic Resolution[1]
T4噬菌体
病毒分類
–未分级– 病毒 Virus
域: 雙鏈DNA病毒域 Duplodnaviria
界: 香港病毒界 Heunggongvirae
门: 尾噬菌體門 Uroviricota
纲: 有尾噬菌體綱 Caudoviricetes
目: 有尾噬菌体目 Caudovirales
科: 肌尾噬菌体科 Myoviridae
属: T4噬菌体属 T4virus
种: T4噬菌体 Enterobacteria phage T4

介绍

侵染寄主时,尾鞘收缩,头部的DNA即通过中空的尾部注入细胞内。T-系噬菌体是研究最广泛和深入的细菌噬菌体,侵染大肠杆菌(一种正常栖居在人类肠道中的细菌)B菌株,T为英文Type的字头,并按其发现的前后顺序编号为T1,2,3,4,5,6,7,因其偶数型(2,4,6)结构的化学组成与奇数型(1,3,5,7)不同,故又分为T-偶数系与T-奇数系。例:T4属偶数系。

结构

其构造属复合对称体制。因结构简单、遗传背景清楚、增殖容易、对人无害,故是迄今被研究得最透彻、在病毒学分子遗传学研究中应用最广泛的模式生物之一。构造分头部、颈部和尾部3部分。头部呈拉长的二十面体结构,长95nm,宽65 nm,衣壳由9~19种蛋白质组成,蛋白质含量占 76%~81%,含有直径为6nm的衣壳粒212个。核心由线状dsDNA组成,长约50μm(约为头长的650倍),由1.7×10bp构成(包括约2.3%末端冗余)。 DNA成分特殊,以5-羟甲基胞嘧啶(HMC)取代常见的胞嘧啶。头、尾部相连处有一颈部,包括颈环和颈须,前者为一六角形盘状结构,直径37.5nm,每一角上各长一颈须,用以裹住吸附前的尾丝。长而可收缩的尾部由尾鞘、尾管、基板、刺突和尾丝5部分组成。尾鞘长95、宽22 nm,是一种由相对分子质量为55 000的衣壳粒共144个缠绕而成的24环螺旋组成。尾管长95 nm,直径8nm,中央孔道的直径为2.5~3.5 nm,它是头部核酸即基因组注入寄主细胞时的必经之路。尾管亦由24环螺旋组成,与尾鞘相对应。基板与颈环相似,为一有中央尾孔的六角形盘状物,直径为30.5 nm,上长6个刺突和6根尾丝。刺突长20nm,有吸附功能。尾丝可折成2段,长140nm,直径3~ 4nm,由2种相对分子质量较大的蛋白质和4种相对分子质量较小的蛋白质组成,能专一地吸附在敏感寄主细胞表面的相应受体上。T4的尾孔至少含溶菌酶等8种蛋白质。3种T偶数噬菌体在寄主细胞表面有不同的吸附位点:T4在大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli)B菌株上的吸附位点是LPS核心多糖中的α-葡糖基-(1→3)葡萄糖末端,在K菌株上则为LPS或外膜蛋白 OmpC。 科学家们在T4噬菌体中发现了一种酶,称为T4-DNA连接酶,在转基因技术中用作黏性末端和平末端的连接酶。对平末端连接效率低下。

参考

  1. ^ Padilla-Sanchez, Victor. Structural Model of Bacteriophage T4. WikiJournal of Science. 2021, 4 (1): 5 [2021-08-06]. doi:10.15347/WJS/2021.005. (原始内容存档于2022-04-28). 

延伸阅读

  • Padilla-Sanchez, Victor. Structural Model of Bacteriophage T4. WikiJournal of Science. 2021, 4 (1): 5 [2021-08-06]. doi:10.15347/WJS/2021.005. (原始内容存档于2022-04-28). 
  • Leiman P.G.; Kanamaru S; Mesyanzhinov V.V.; Arisaka F.; Rossmann M.G. Structure and morphogenesis of bacteriophage T4.. Cellulal and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS. 2003, 60 (11): 2356–2370. doi:10.1007/s00018-003-3072-1. 
  • Karam, J., Petrov, V., Nolan, J., Chin, D., Shatley, C., Krisch, H., and Letarov, A. The T4-like phages genome project. . (The T4-like phage full genomic sequence depository)
  • Mosig, G., and F. Eiserling. 2006. T4 and related phages: structure and development, R. Calendar and S. T. Abedon (eds.), The Bacteriophages. Oxford University Press, Oxford. (Review of phage T4 biology) ISBN 0-19-514850-9
  • Filee J. Tetart F.; Suttle C.A.; Krisch H.M. Marine T4-type bacteriophages, a ubiquitous component of the dark matter of the biosphere. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2005, 102 (35): 12471–6 [2018-04-08]. PMC 1194919 . PMID 16116082. doi:10.1073/pnas.0503404102. (原始内容于2008-06-20).  (Indication of prevalence and T4-like phages in the wild)
  • Chibani-Chennoufi S.; Canchaya C.; Bruttin A.; Brussow H. Comparative genomics of the T4-Like Escherichia coli phage JS98: implications for the evolution of T4 phages. J. Bacteriol. 2004, 186 (24): 8276–86 [2018-04-08]. PMC 532421 . PMID 15576776. doi:10.1128/JB.186.24.8276-8286.2004. (原始内容于2011-05-11).  (Characterization of a T4-like phage)
  • Desplats C, Krisch HM. The diversity and evolution of the T4-type bacteriophages. Res. Microbiol. May 2003, 154 (4): 259–67 [2018-04-08]. PMID 12798230. doi:10.1016/S0923-2508(03)00069-X. (原始内容于2019-02-18). 
  • Miller, E.S.; Kutter E.; Mosig G.; Arisaka F.; Kunisawa T.; Ruger W. Bacteriophage T4 genome. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 2003, 67 (1): 86–156 [2018-04-08]. PMC 150520 . PMID 12626685. doi:10.1128/MMBR.67.1.86-156.2003. (原始内容于2011-05-11).  (Review of phage T4, from the perspective of its genome)
  • Desplats C.; Dez C.; Tetart F.; Eleaume H.; Krisch H.M. Snapshot of the genome of the pseudo-T-even bacteriophage RB49. J. Bacteriol. 2002, 184 (10): 2789–2804 [2018-04-08]. PMC 135041 . PMID 11976309. doi:10.1128/JB.184.10.2789-2804.2002. (原始内容于2011-05-11).  (Overview of the RB49 genome, a T4-like phage)
  • Malys N, Chang DY, Baumann RG, Xie D, Black LW. A bipartite bacteriophage T4 SOC and HOC randomized peptide display library: detection and analysis of phage T4 terminase (gp17) and late sigma factor (gp55) interaction. J Mol Biol. 2002, 319 (2): 289–304. PMID 12051907. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00298-X.  (T4 phage application in biotechnology for studying protein interaction)
  • Tétart F.; Desplats C.; Kutateladze M.; Monod C.; Ackermann H.-W.; Krisch H.M. Phylogeny of the major head and tail genes of the wide-ranging T4-type bacteriophages. J. Bacteriol. 2001, 183 (1): 358–366 [2018-04-08]. PMC 94885 . PMID 11114936. doi:10.1128/JB.183.1.358-366.2001. (原始内容于2011-05-11).  (Indication of the prevalence of T4-type sequences in the wild)
  • Abedon S.T. The murky origin of Snow White and her T-even dwarfs. Genetics. 2000, 155 (2): 481–6 [2018-04-08]. PMC 1461100 . PMID 10835374. (原始内容于2011-01-28).  (Historical description of the isolation of the T4-like phages T2, T4, and T6)
  • Ackermann HW, Krisch HM. . Arch. Virol. 1997, 142 (12): 2329–45 [2018-04-08]. PMID 9672598. doi:10.1007/s007050050246. (原始内容存档于2001-11-01).  (Nearly complete list of then-known T4-like phages)
  • Monod C, Repoila F, Kutateladze M, Tétart F, Krisch HM. The genome of the pseudo T-even bacteriophages, a diverse group that resembles T4. J. Mol. Biol. March 1997, 267 (2): 237–49 [2018-04-08]. PMID 9096222. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1996.0867. (原始内容于2019-02-18).  (Overview of various T4-like phages from the perspective of their genomes)
  • Kutter E.; Gachechiladze K.; Poglazov A.; Marusich E.; Shneider M.; Aronsson P.; Napuli A.; Porter D.; Mesyanzhinov V. Evolution of T4-related phages. Virus Genes. 1995, 11 (2–3): 285–297. PMID 8828153. doi:10.1007/BF01728666. [永久失效連結] (Comparison of the genomes of various T4-like phages)
  • Karam, J. D. et al. 1994. Molecular Biology of Bacteriophage T4. ASM Press, Washington, DC. (The second T4 bible, go here, as well as Mosig and Eiserling, 2006, to begin to learn about the biology T4 phage) ISBN 1-55581-064-0
  • Eddy, S. R. 1992. Introns in the T-Even Bacteriophages. Ph.D. thesis. University of Colorado at Boulder. (Chapter 3 provides overview of various T4-like phages as well as the isolation of then-new T4-like phages)
  • Surdis, T.J "et al" Bacteriophage attachment methods specific to T4, analysis, Overview.
  • Mathews, C. K., E. M. Kutter, G. Mosig, and P. B. Berget. 1983. Bacteriophage T4. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC. (The first T4 bible; not all information here is duplicated in Karam et al., 1994; see especially the introductory chapter by Doermann for a historical overview of the T4-like phages) ISBN 0-914826-56-5
  • Russell, R. L. 1967. Speciation Among the T-Even Bacteriophages. Ph.D. thesis. California Institute of Technology. (Isolation of the RB series of T4-like phages)
  • Malys N, Nivinskas R. Non-canonical RNA arrangement in T4-even phages: accommodated ribosome binding site at the gene 26-25 intercistronic junction. Mol Microbiol. 2009, 73 (6): 1115–1127. PMID 19708923. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06840.x.  (rare type of translational regulation characterized in T4)
  • Kay D.; Fildes P. Hydroxymethylcytosine-containing and tryptophan-dependent bacteriophages isolated from city effluents. J. Gen. Microbiol. 1962, 27: 143–6. PMID 14454648. doi:10.1099/00221287-27-1-143.  (T4-like phage isolation, including that of phage Ox2)

参閲

外部链接

警告:默认排序关键字“Enterobacteria Phage T4”覆盖了之前的默认排序关键字“Enterobacteria phage T4”。

t4噬菌体, 是噬菌体的一个品系, 属于t, 系噬菌体, 为烈性噬菌体, 具有典型的蝌蚪状外形, 六角形的头部和可收缩的长的尾部, 头部的蛋白质外壳内含有折叠的dna分子, 尾部的蛋白质外壳为一中空的长管, 外面包有可收缩的尾鞘, 头部大小为65, 95nm, 颈部长95nm, 尾部120nm, bacteriophage, structural, model, atomic, resolution, 病毒分類, 未分级, 病毒, virus域, 雙鏈dna病毒域, duplodnaviria界, 香港病毒界, h. T4噬菌体是噬菌体的一个品系 属于T 系噬菌体 为烈性噬菌体 具有典型的蝌蚪状外形 六角形的头部和可收缩的长的尾部 头部的蛋白质外壳内含有折叠的DNA分子 尾部的蛋白质外壳为一中空的长管 外面包有可收缩的尾鞘 头部大小为65 95nm 颈部长95nm 尾部120nm Bacteriophage T4 Structural Model at Atomic Resolution 1 T4噬菌体病毒分類 未分级 病毒 Virus域 雙鏈DNA病毒域 Duplodnaviria界 香港病毒界 Heunggongvirae门 尾噬菌體門 Uroviricota纲 有尾噬菌體綱 Caudoviricetes目 有尾噬菌体目 Caudovirales科 肌尾噬菌体科 Myoviridae属 T4噬菌体属 T4virus种 T4噬菌体 Enterobacteria phage T4 目录 1 介绍 2 结构 3 参考 4 延伸阅读 5 参閲 6 外部链接介绍 编辑侵染寄主时 尾鞘收缩 头部的DNA即通过中空的尾部注入细胞内 T 系噬菌体是研究最广泛和深入的细菌噬菌体 侵染大肠杆菌 一种正常栖居在人类肠道中的细菌 B菌株 T为英文Type的字头 并按其发现的前后顺序编号为T1 2 3 4 5 6 7 因其偶数型 2 4 6 结构的化学组成与奇数型 1 3 5 7 不同 故又分为T 偶数系与T 奇数系 例 T4属偶数系 结构 编辑其构造属复合对称体制 因结构简单 遗传背景清楚 增殖容易 对人无害 故是迄今被研究得最透彻 在病毒学和分子遗传学研究中应用最广泛的模式生物之一 构造分头部 颈部和尾部3部分 头部呈拉长的二十面体结构 长95nm 宽65 nm 衣壳由9 19种蛋白质组成 蛋白质含量占 76 81 含有直径为6nm的衣壳粒212个 核心由线状dsDNA组成 长约50mm 约为头长的650倍 由1 7 10bp构成 包括约2 3 末端冗余 DNA成分特殊 以5 羟甲基胞嘧啶 HMC 取代常见的胞嘧啶 头 尾部相连处有一颈部 包括颈环和颈须 前者为一六角形盘状结构 直径37 5nm 每一角上各长一颈须 用以裹住吸附前的尾丝 长而可收缩的尾部由尾鞘 尾管 基板 刺突和尾丝5部分组成 尾鞘长95 宽22 nm 是一种由相对分子质量为55 000的衣壳粒共144个缠绕而成的24环螺旋组成 尾管长95 nm 直径8nm 中央孔道的直径为2 5 3 5 nm 它是头部核酸即基因组注入寄主细胞时的必经之路 尾管亦由24环螺旋组成 与尾鞘相对应 基板与颈环相似 为一有中央尾孔的六角形盘状物 直径为30 5 nm 上长6个刺突和6根尾丝 刺突长20nm 有吸附功能 尾丝可折成2段 长140nm 直径3 4nm 由2种相对分子质量较大的蛋白质和4种相对分子质量较小的蛋白质组成 能专一地吸附在敏感寄主细胞表面的相应受体上 T4的尾孔至少含溶菌酶等8种蛋白质 3种T偶数噬菌体在寄主细胞表面有不同的吸附位点 T4在大肠埃希氏菌 Escherichia coli B菌株上的吸附位点是LPS核心多糖中的a 葡糖基 1 3 葡萄糖末端 在K菌株上则为LPS或外膜蛋白 OmpC 科学家们在T4噬菌体中发现了一种酶 称为T4 DNA连接酶 在转基因技术中用作黏性末端和平末端的连接酶 对平末端连接效率低下 参考 编辑 Padilla Sanchez Victor Structural Model of Bacteriophage T4 WikiJournal of Science 2021 4 1 5 2021 08 06 doi 10 15347 WJS 2021 005 原始内容存档于2022 04 28 延伸阅读 编辑Padilla Sanchez Victor Structural Model of Bacteriophage T4 WikiJournal of Science 2021 4 1 5 2021 08 06 doi 10 15347 WJS 2021 005 原始内容存档于2022 04 28 Leiman P G Kanamaru S Mesyanzhinov V V Arisaka F Rossmann M G Structure and morphogenesis of bacteriophage T4 Cellulal and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS 2003 60 11 2356 2370 doi 10 1007 s00018 003 3072 1 Karam J Petrov V Nolan J Chin D Shatley C Krisch H and Letarov A The T4 like phages genome project https web archive org web 20070523215704 http phage bioc tulane edu The T4 like phage full genomic sequence depository Mosig G and F Eiserling 2006 T4 and related phages structure and development R Calendar and S T Abedon eds The Bacteriophages Oxford University Press Oxford Review of phage T4 biology ISBN 0 19 514850 9 Filee J Tetart F Suttle C A Krisch H M Marine T4 type bacteriophages a ubiquitous component of the dark matter of the biosphere Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005 102 35 12471 6 2018 04 08 PMC 1194919 PMID 16116082 doi 10 1073 pnas 0503404102 原始内容存档于2008 06 20 Indication of prevalence and T4 like phages in the wild Chibani Chennoufi S Canchaya C Bruttin A Brussow H Comparative genomics of the T4 Like Escherichia coli phage JS98 implications for the evolution of T4 phages J Bacteriol 2004 186 24 8276 86 2018 04 08 PMC 532421 PMID 15576776 doi 10 1128 JB 186 24 8276 8286 2004 原始内容存档于2011 05 11 Characterization of a T4 like phage Desplats C Krisch HM The diversity and evolution of the T4 type bacteriophages Res Microbiol May 2003 154 4 259 67 2018 04 08 PMID 12798230 doi 10 1016 S0923 2508 03 00069 X 原始内容存档于2019 02 18 Miller E S Kutter E Mosig G Arisaka F Kunisawa T Ruger W Bacteriophage T4 genome Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2003 67 1 86 156 2018 04 08 PMC 150520 PMID 12626685 doi 10 1128 MMBR 67 1 86 156 2003 原始内容存档于2011 05 11 Review of phage T4 from the perspective of its genome Desplats C Dez C Tetart F Eleaume H Krisch H M Snapshot of the genome of the pseudo T even bacteriophage RB49 J Bacteriol 2002 184 10 2789 2804 2018 04 08 PMC 135041 PMID 11976309 doi 10 1128 JB 184 10 2789 2804 2002 原始内容存档于2011 05 11 Overview of the RB49 genome a T4 like phage Malys N Chang DY Baumann RG Xie D Black LW A bipartite bacteriophage T4 SOC and HOC randomized peptide display library detection and analysis of phage T4 terminase gp17 and late sigma factor gp55 interaction J Mol Biol 2002 319 2 289 304 PMID 12051907 doi 10 1016 S0022 2836 02 00298 X T4 phage application in biotechnology for studying protein interaction Tetart F Desplats C Kutateladze M Monod C Ackermann H W Krisch H M Phylogeny of the major head and tail genes of the wide ranging T4 type bacteriophages J Bacteriol 2001 183 1 358 366 2018 04 08 PMC 94885 PMID 11114936 doi 10 1128 JB 183 1 358 366 2001 原始内容存档于2011 05 11 Indication of the prevalence of T4 type sequences in the wild Abedon S T The murky origin of Snow White and her T even dwarfs Genetics 2000 155 2 481 6 2018 04 08 PMC 1461100 PMID 10835374 原始内容存档于2011 01 28 Historical description of the isolation of the T4 like phages T2 T4 and T6 Ackermann HW Krisch HM A catalogue of T4 type bacteriophages Arch Virol 1997 142 12 2329 45 2018 04 08 PMID 9672598 doi 10 1007 s007050050246 原始内容存档于2001 11 01 Nearly complete list of then known T4 like phages Monod C Repoila F Kutateladze M Tetart F Krisch HM The genome of the pseudo T even bacteriophages a diverse group that resembles T4 J Mol Biol March 1997 267 2 237 49 2018 04 08 PMID 9096222 doi 10 1006 jmbi 1996 0867 原始内容存档于2019 02 18 Overview of various T4 like phages from the perspective of their genomes Kutter E Gachechiladze K Poglazov A Marusich E Shneider M Aronsson P Napuli A Porter D Mesyanzhinov V Evolution of T4 related phages Virus Genes 1995 11 2 3 285 297 PMID 8828153 doi 10 1007 BF01728666 永久失效連結 Comparison of the genomes of various T4 like phages Karam J D et al 1994 Molecular Biology of Bacteriophage T4 ASM Press Washington DC The second T4 bible go here as well as Mosig and Eiserling 2006 to begin to learn about the biology T4 phage ISBN 1 55581 064 0 Eddy S R 1992 Introns in the T Even Bacteriophages Ph D thesis University of Colorado at Boulder Chapter 3 provides overview of various T4 like phages as well as the isolation of then new T4 like phages Surdis T J et al Bacteriophage attachment methods specific to T4 analysis Overview Mathews C K E M Kutter G Mosig and P B Berget 1983 Bacteriophage T4 American Society for Microbiology Washington DC The first T4 bible not all information here is duplicated in Karamet al 1994 see especially the introductory chapter by Doermann for a historical overview of the T4 like phages ISBN 0 914826 56 5 Russell R L 1967 Speciation Among the T Even Bacteriophages Ph D thesis California Institute of Technology Isolation of the RB series of T4 like phages Malys N Nivinskas R Non canonical RNA arrangement in T4 even phages accommodated ribosome binding site at the gene 26 25 intercistronic junction Mol Microbiol 2009 73 6 1115 1127 PMID 19708923 doi 10 1111 j 1365 2958 2009 06840 x rare type of translational regulation characterized in T4 Kay D Fildes P Hydroxymethylcytosine containing and tryptophan dependent bacteriophages isolated from city effluents J Gen Microbiol 1962 27 143 6 PMID 14454648 doi 10 1099 00221287 27 1 143 T4 like phage isolation including that of phage Ox2 参閲 编辑 病毒主题 噬菌体外部链接 编辑Viralzone T4 like viruses 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 T4 Bacteriophage Infection Process Animations 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 警告 默认排序关键字 Enterobacteria Phage T4 覆盖了之前的默认排序关键字 Enterobacteria phage T4 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title T4噬菌体 amp oldid 71685511, 维基百科,wiki,书籍,书籍,图书馆,

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