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维基百科

喜瑪拉雅狼

一月 01, 1970

喜馬拉雅狼（學名：Canis lupus chanco）[3]是一種具爭議的犬屬分類[2]。根據它的遺傳標記，其線粒體DNA顯示它的遺傳基群是北極灰狼，而在遺傳上則與藏狼相同[2][4][5]。喜瑪拉雅狼與非洲金狼（Canis lupaster）間也有關聯[2][5][6]。在喜瑪拉雅狼和藏狼的狼之間並沒有明顯的形態差異。[7]喜馬拉雅狼生活在喜馬拉雅山的拉達克、青藏高原[8][9]和中亞高地（英语：Mountains of Central Asia）。它們主要在海拔4000米以上。喜瑪拉雅狼已經適應了低氧環境，而其他狼只發現在低海拔地區。[9]

喜瑪拉雅狼
尼泊爾安納布林納峰保護區內的喜瑪拉雅狼
科学分类
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲： 哺乳纲 Mammalia
目： 食肉目 Carnivora
科： 犬科 Canidae
属： 犬属 Canis
种：
C. lupus
亚种：
喜瑪拉雅狼 C. l. chanco
三名法
Canis lupus chanco
Gray, 1863 [1]
喜馬拉雅狼分佈（高地紅點）與全北界灰狼（低地藍點）的比較[2]

特徵 编辑

 
喜瑪拉雅狼

喜馬拉雅狼有厚厚的皮毛，背部和尾巴呈暗褐色，面部、腹部和四肢呈黃白色。它長約110厘米（45英寸），肩高76厘米（30英寸）[10][11][12][13]。比伊朗狼大[14]。口吻、眼睛下方、上臉頰和耳朵上都有緊密排列的黑色斑點[15]。重大約35公斤（77磅）[7]。

喜馬拉雅狼的心臟能承受高海拔地區的低氧水平，使它的心臟跳動的基因RYR2為其原因[16]。

生活習慣 编辑

喜馬拉雅狼是群居動物，一群狼的數量大約為6至8隻。一些喜馬拉雅狼的棲息範圍與印度狼重疊。然而，兩者似乎很少發生衝突。[17]

喜瑪拉雅狼通常在晚上捕獵，主要捕捉中小型動物。主要為齧齒動物和兔子，有時也會捕捉大型動物。其中包括岩羊、藏羚羊、喜馬拉雅旱獺等。[18]

參考文獻 编辑

  1. ^ Gray, J. E. Notice of the Chanco or Golden Wolf (Canis chanco) from Chinese Tartary. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1863: 94. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Werhahn, Geraldine; Senn, Helen; Ghazali, Muhammad; Karmacharya, Dibesh; Sherchan, Adarsh Man; Joshi, Jyoti; Kusi, Naresh; López-Bao, José Vincente; Rosen, Tanya; Kachel, Shannon; Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio. The unique genetic adaptation of the Himalayan wolf to high-altitudes and consequences for conservation. Global Ecology and Conservation. 2018-10, 16 [2022-07-21]. doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00455. （原始内容于2020-07-29） （英语）. 
  3. ^ Alvares, F.; Bogdanowicz, W.; Campbell, L.A.D.; Godinho, R.; Hatlauf, J.; Jhala, Y.V.; Kitchener, A. C.; Koepfli, K.-P.; Krofel, M.; Moehlman, P. D.; Senn, H.; Sillero-Zubiri, C.; Viranta, S.; Werhahn, G. Old World Canis spp. with taxonomic ambiguity: Workshop conclusions and recommendations (PDF) (报告). Vairão, Portugal: IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos. 28th–30th May 2019 [2020-03-06]. （原始内容 (PDF)于2021-03-08）. 
  4. ^ Ersmark, Erik; Klütsch, Cornelya F. C.; Chan, Yvonne L.; Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.; Fain, Steven R.; Illarionova, Natalia A.; Oskarsson, Mattias; Uhlén, Mathias; Zhang, Ya-ping; Dalén, Love; Savolainen, Peter. From the Past to the Present: Wolf Phylogeography and Demographic History Based on the Mitochondrial Control Region. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 2016-12-02, 4 [2022-07-21]. ISSN 2296-701X. doi:10.3389/fevo.2016.00134. （原始内容于2017-03-13）. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Werhahn, Geraldine; Senn, Helen; Kaden, Jennifer; Joshi, Jyoti; Bhattarai, Susmita; Kusi, Naresh; Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio; Macdonald, David W. Phylogenetic evidence for the ancient Himalayan wolf: towards a clarification of its taxonomic status based on genetic sampling from western Nepal. Royal Society Open Science. 2017-06, 4 (6) [2022-07-21]. ISSN 2054-5703. PMC 5493914  . PMID 28680672. doi:10.1098/rsos.170186. （原始内容于2022-08-03） （英语）. 
  6. ^ Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Pollinger, John; Godinho, Raquel; Robinson, Jacqueline; Lea, Amanda; Hendricks, Sarah; Schweizer, Rena M.; Thalmann, Olaf; Silva, Pedro; Fan, Zhenxin; Yurchenko, Andrey A. Genome-wide Evidence Reveals that African and Eurasian Golden Jackals Are Distinct Species. Current Biology. 2015-08, 25 (16) [2022-07-21]. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.060. （原始内容于2022-08-03） （英语）. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Shrotriya, S.; Lyngdoh, S.; Habib, B. Wolves in Trans-Himalayas: 165 years of taxonomic confusion (PDF). Current Science. 2012, 103 (8) [June 27, 2014]. （原始内容 (PDF)于2015-09-23）. 
  8. ^ Joshi, BheemDutt; Lyngdoh, Salvador; Singh, Sujeet Kumar; Sharma, Reeta; Kumar, Vinay; Tiwari, Ved Prakash; Dar, S. A.; Maheswari, Aishwarya; Pal, Ranjana; Bashir, Tawqir; Reshamwala, Hussain Saifee. Janke, Axel , 编. Revisiting the Woolly wolf (Canis lupus chanco) phylogeny in Himalaya: Addressing taxonomy, spatial extent and distribution of an ancient lineage in Asia. PLOS ONE. 2020-04-16, 15 (4). ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7162449  . PMID 32298359. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231621 （英语）. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Werhahn, Geraldine; Liu, Yanjiang; Meng, Yao; Cheng, Chen; Lu, Zhi; Atzeni, Luciano; Deng, Zhixiong; Kun, Shi; Shao, Xinning; Lu, Qi; Joshi, Jyoti. Himalayan wolf distribution and admixture based on multiple genetic markers. Journal of Biogeography. 2020-06, 47 (6) [2022-07-21]. ISSN 0305-0270. doi:10.1111/jbi.13824. （原始内容于2022-07-21） （英语）. 
  10. ^ Hodgson, B. H. 7. Description of the Wild Ass (Asinus polydon) and Wolf of Tibet (Lupus laniger). Calcutta Journal of Natural History. 1847, 7: 469–477. 
  11. ^ Blanford, W. T. Canis lupus. The Wolf. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia First. London: Taylor and Francis. 1888: 135–140. 
  12. ^ Lydekker, R. The Tibetan Wolf. The great and small game of India, Burma, and Tibet. London: R. Ward. 1900: 339–340. 
  13. ^ Pocock, R. I. Canis lupus chanco Gray. The Woolly Wolf. Fauna of British India. Mammals Volume 2. London: Taylor and Francis. 1941: 86–90. 
  14. ^ Jerdon, T. C. The Indian wolf. The mammals of India: a natural history of all the animals known to inhabit continental India. London: John Wheldon. 1874: 140–141. 
  15. ^ Chetri, Madhu; Jhala, Yadvendradev; Jnawali, Shant Raj; Subedi, Naresh; Dhakal, Maheshwar; Yumnam, Bibek. Ancient Himalayan wolf (Canis lupus chanco) lineage in Upper Mustang of the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. ZooKeys. 2016-04-21, 582 [2022-07-21]. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 4857050  . PMID 27199590. doi:10.3897/zookeys.582.5966. （原始内容于2022-01-26）. 
  16. ^ Zhang, Wenping; Fan, Zhenxin; Han, Eunjung; Hou, Rong; Zhang, Liang; Galaverni, Marco; Huang, Jie; Liu, Hong; Silva, Pedro; Li, Peng; Pollinger, John P. Akey, Joshua M. , 编. Hypoxia Adaptations in the Grey Wolf (Canis lupus chanco) from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. PLoS Genetics. 2014-07-31, 10 (7). ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 4117439  . PMID 25078401. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004466 （英语）. 
  17. ^ Himalayan Wolf. Wolf Facts. [2022-01-09]. （原始内容于2021-01-23）. 
  18. ^ Himalayan Wolf (Canis himalayensis). The Wolf Intelligencer. [2022-01-09]. （原始内容于2022-01-11）. 

一月 01, 1970
喜瑪拉雅狼, 喜馬拉雅狼, 學名, canis, lupus, chanco, 是一種具爭議的犬屬分類, 根據它的遺傳標記, 其線粒體dna顯示它的遺傳基群是北極灰狼, 而在遺傳上則與藏狼相同, 與非洲金狼, canis, lupaster, 間也有關聯, 在和藏狼的狼之間並沒有明顯的形態差異, 喜馬拉雅狼生活在喜馬拉雅山的拉達克, 青藏高原, 和中亞高地, 英语, mountains, central, asia, 它們主要在海拔4000米以上, 已經適應了低氧環境, 而其他狼只發現在低海拔地區, 尼泊爾安納布林. 喜馬拉雅狼 學名 Canis lupus chanco 3 是一種具爭議的犬屬分類 2 根據它的遺傳標記 其線粒體DNA顯示它的遺傳基群是北極灰狼 而在遺傳上則與藏狼相同 2 4 5 喜瑪拉雅狼與非洲金狼 Canis lupaster 間也有關聯 2 5 6 在喜瑪拉雅狼和藏狼的狼之間並沒有明顯的形態差異 7 喜馬拉雅狼生活在喜馬拉雅山的拉達克 青藏高原 8 9 和中亞高地 英语 Mountains of Central Asia 它們主要在海拔4000米以上 喜瑪拉雅狼已經適應了低氧環境 而其他狼只發現在低海拔地區 9 喜瑪拉雅狼 尼泊爾安納布林納峰保護區內的喜瑪拉雅狼 科学分类 界 动物界 Animalia 门 脊索动物门 Chordata 纲 哺乳纲 Mammalia 目 食肉目 Carnivora 科 犬科 Canidae 属 犬属 Canis 种 C lupus 亚种 喜瑪拉雅狼 C l chanco 三名法 Canis lupus chancoGray 1863 1 喜馬拉雅狼分佈 高地紅點 與全北界灰狼 低地藍點 的比較 2 特徵 编辑 nbsp 喜瑪拉雅狼 喜馬拉雅狼有厚厚的皮毛 背部和尾巴呈暗褐色 面部 腹部和四肢呈黃白色 它長約110厘米 45英寸 肩高76厘米 30英寸 10 11 12 13 比伊朗狼大 14 口吻 眼睛下方 上臉頰和耳朵上都有緊密排列的黑色斑點 15 重大約35公斤 77磅 7 喜馬拉雅狼的心臟能承受高海拔地區的低氧水平 使它的心臟跳動的基因RYR2為其原因 16 生活習慣 编辑喜馬拉雅狼是群居動物 一群狼的數量大約為6至8隻 一些喜馬拉雅狼的棲息範圍與印度狼重疊 然而 兩者似乎很少發生衝突 17 喜瑪拉雅狼通常在晚上捕獵 主要捕捉中小型動物 主要為齧齒動物和兔子 有時也會捕捉大型動物 其中包括岩羊 藏羚羊 喜馬拉雅旱獺等 18 參考文獻 编辑 Gray J E Notice of the Chanco or Golden Wolf Canis chanco from Chinese Tartary Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863 94 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 Werhahn Geraldine Senn Helen Ghazali Muhammad Karmacharya Dibesh Sherchan Adarsh Man Joshi Jyoti Kusi Naresh Lopez Bao Jose Vincente Rosen Tanya Kachel Shannon Sillero Zubiri Claudio The unique genetic adaptation of the Himalayan wolf to high altitudes and consequences for conservation Global Ecology and Conservation 2018 10 16 2022 07 21 doi 10 1016 j gecco 2018 e00455 原始内容存档于2020 07 29 英语 Alvares F Bogdanowicz W Campbell L A D Godinho R Hatlauf J Jhala Y V Kitchener A C Koepfli K P Krofel M Moehlman P D Senn H Sillero Zubiri C Viranta S Werhahn G Old World Canis spp with taxonomic ambiguity Workshop conclusions and recommendations PDF 报告 Vairao Portugal IUCN SSC Canid Specialist Group Centro de Investigacao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos 28th 30th May 2019 2020 03 06 原始内容存档 PDF 于2021 03 08 请检查 date 中的日期值 帮助 Ersmark Erik Klutsch Cornelya F C Chan Yvonne L Sinding Mikkel Holger S Fain Steven R Illarionova Natalia A Oskarsson Mattias Uhlen Mathias Zhang Ya ping Dalen Love Savolainen Peter From the Past to the Present Wolf Phylogeography and Demographic History Based on the Mitochondrial Control Region Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 2016 12 02 4 2022 07 21 ISSN 2296 701X doi 10 3389 fevo 2016 00134 原始内容存档于2017 03 13 5 0 5 1 Werhahn Geraldine Senn Helen Kaden Jennifer Joshi Jyoti Bhattarai Susmita Kusi Naresh Sillero Zubiri Claudio Macdonald David W Phylogenetic evidence for the ancient Himalayan wolf towards a clarification of its taxonomic status based on genetic sampling from western Nepal Royal Society Open Science 2017 06 4 6 2022 07 21 ISSN 2054 5703 PMC 5493914 nbsp PMID 28680672 doi 10 1098 rsos 170186 原始内容存档于2022 08 03 英语 Koepfli Klaus Peter Pollinger John Godinho Raquel Robinson Jacqueline Lea Amanda Hendricks Sarah Schweizer Rena M Thalmann Olaf Silva Pedro Fan Zhenxin Yurchenko Andrey A Genome wide Evidence Reveals that African and Eurasian Golden Jackals Are Distinct Species Current Biology 2015 08 25 16 2022 07 21 doi 10 1016 j cub 2015 06 060 原始内容存档于2022 08 03 英语 7 0 7 1 Shrotriya S Lyngdoh S Habib B Wolves in Trans Himalayas 165 years of taxonomic confusion PDF Current Science 2012 103 8 June 27 2014 原始内容存档 PDF 于2015 09 23 Joshi BheemDutt Lyngdoh Salvador Singh Sujeet Kumar Sharma Reeta Kumar Vinay Tiwari Ved Prakash Dar S A Maheswari Aishwarya Pal Ranjana Bashir Tawqir Reshamwala Hussain Saifee Janke Axel 编 Revisiting the Woolly wolf Canis lupus chanco phylogeny in Himalaya Addressing taxonomy spatial extent and distribution of an ancient lineage in Asia PLOS ONE 2020 04 16 15 4 ISSN 1932 6203 PMC 7162449 nbsp PMID 32298359 doi 10 1371 journal pone 0231621 英语 9 0 9 1 Werhahn Geraldine Liu Yanjiang Meng Yao Cheng Chen Lu Zhi Atzeni Luciano Deng Zhixiong Kun Shi Shao Xinning Lu Qi Joshi Jyoti Himalayan wolf distribution and admixture based on multiple genetic markers Journal of Biogeography 2020 06 47 6 2022 07 21 ISSN 0305 0270 doi 10 1111 jbi 13824 原始内容存档于2022 07 21 英语 Hodgson B H 7 Description of the Wild Ass Asinus polydon and Wolf of Tibet Lupus laniger Calcutta Journal of Natural History 1847 7 469 477 Blanford W T Canis lupus The Wolf The Fauna of British India Including Ceylon and Burma Mammalia First London Taylor and Francis 1888 135 140 Lydekker R The Tibetan Wolf The great and small game of India Burma and Tibet London R Ward 1900 339 340 Pocock R I Canis lupus chanco Gray The Woolly Wolf Fauna of British India Mammals Volume 2 London Taylor and Francis 1941 86 90 Jerdon T C The Indian wolf The mammals of India a natural history of all the animals known to inhabit continental India London John Wheldon 1874 140 141 Chetri Madhu Jhala Yadvendradev Jnawali Shant Raj Subedi Naresh Dhakal Maheshwar Yumnam Bibek Ancient Himalayan wolf Canis lupus chanco lineage in Upper Mustang of the Annapurna Conservation Area Nepal ZooKeys 2016 04 21 582 2022 07 21 ISSN 1313 2970 PMC 4857050 nbsp PMID 27199590 doi 10 3897 zookeys 582 5966 原始内容存档于2022 01 26 Zhang Wenping Fan Zhenxin Han Eunjung Hou Rong Zhang Liang Galaverni Marco Huang Jie Liu Hong Silva Pedro Li Peng Pollinger John P Akey Joshua M 编 Hypoxia Adaptations in the Grey Wolf Canis lupus chanco from Qinghai Tibet Plateau PLoS Genetics 2014 07 31 10 7 ISSN 1553 7404 PMC 4117439 nbsp PMID 25078401 doi 10 1371 journal pgen 1004466 英语 Himalayan Wolf Wolf Facts 2022 01 09 原始内容存档于2021 01 23 Himalayan Wolf Canis himalayensis The Wolf Intelligencer 2022 01 09 原始内容存档于2022 01 11 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 喜瑪拉雅狼 amp oldid 80044113, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，

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