fbpx
维基百科

中觀應成派

十二月 13, 2023

中觀應成派（梵語：Prāsaṅgika Madhyamaka），又稱隨應破派、必過性空派，大乘佛教中觀學派之下的支派之一，由佛護、月稱建立。這個派別的學說未傳入漢傳佛教，但在藏傳佛教傳承下來。後世的格魯派主要採取他們的見解，並將此認定為中觀派的主流。[1]

名稱 编辑

此派得名於他們使用的辯論技巧。他們採用隨應破（prasaṅga）的方式來闡述空性。清辯採用自立量來作為辯論技巧，與他們形成對立，被稱為中觀自續派（svātantrika）。

隨應破，又譯為墮過，最早起源於龍樹《中論》。本意為「墮於過失」，這種辯論技巧認為對方的主張中必有過失，尋找出其過失，就可破斥其主張。當對方最後所有的立論都失敗之後，就可以確認一切法都沒有實體，亦即是空性的。

月稱解釋這種方法，為自無宗故。宗（pratijñā）是因明學術語，指主張命題；自無宗，也就是自身不需要先提出自己的意見與見解。這派的見解，同於嘉祥吉藏所說「破邪即是顯正」的見解。

歷史 编辑

隨應破派的名稱，最早起於佛護、月稱。佛護為《中論》作註，提出隨應破方法，被清辯認為此法不合理，主張應採自立量。其徒月稱反駁清辯的見解，之後形成一個宗派，在那爛陀寺中傳承。

月稱的見解，之後為寂天繼承。經阿底峽傳入西藏，在噶當派中傳承。經宗喀巴，成為格魯派的中心宗義。

註釋 编辑

  1. ^ Padmakara Translation Group 2005，第386, note 12頁.

參考文獻 编辑

主要參考資料
  • Geshe Kelsang Gyatso, Ocean of Nectar, Tharpa Publications, 1995, ISBN 978-0-948006-23-4 
  • Shantarakshita; Ju Mipham, The Adornment of the Middle Way, Padmakara Translation, 2005, ISBN 1-59030-241-9 
  • Tsong Khapa, The great treatise on the stages of the path to enlightenment: Volume 3, Snow Lion Publications, 2002, ISBN 1-55939-166-9 
  • Tsonghkhapa, Ocean of Reasoning, Oxford University Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-19-514732-2 
次要參考資料
  • Brunhölzl, Karl, Center of the Sunlit Sky: Madhyamaka in the Kagyu Tradition, Snow Lion Publications, 2004 
  • Garfield, Jay L.; Thakchöe, Sonam, Identifying the Object of Negation and the Status of Conventional Truth: Why the dGag Bya Matters So Much to Tibetan Mādhyamikas, Cowherds (编), Moonshadows: Conventional Truth in Buddhist Philosophy, Oxford University Press, 2011 
  • Cheng, Hsueh-Li, , Journal of Chinese Philosophy, 1981, 8: 451–478 [2021-01-22], doi:10.1111/j.1540-6253.1981.tb00267.x, （原始内容存档于2019-06-02） 
  • Dreyfus, Georges B.J.; McClintock, L. Sara, Introduction, Dreyfus, Georges B.J.; McClintock, L. Sara (编), Svatantrika-Prasangika Distinction: What Difference Does a Difference Make?, Simon and Schuster, 2015 
  • Hopkins, Jeffrey, A Tibetan Perspective on the Nature of Spiritual Experience, Buswell, Jr., Robert E.; Gimello, Robert M. (编), Paths to Liberation. The Marga and its Transformations in Buddhist Thought, Motilal Banarsidass, 1994 
  • Hopkins, Jeffrey, Emptiness Yoga, Kalachakra Tantra. Rite of Initiation, Wisom Publications, 1999 
  • Jinpa, Thupten, Negation, identyfying its object, Leaman, Oliver (编), Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy, Routledge, 2006 
  • Newland, Guy, Schijn en werkelijkheid. De twee waarheden in de vier boeddhistische leerstelsels, KunchabPublicaties, 1999 
  • Padmakara Translation Group, Translator's Introduction, The Adornment of the Middle Way. Shantarakshita’s Madhyamakalankara with commentary by Jamgön Mipham, Shambhala, 2005 
  • Padmakara Translation Group, Translator's Introduction, Introduction to the Middle Way. Candrakirti’s Madhyamakavatara; with commentary by Ju Mipham, Shambhala, 2012 
  • Rizzi, Cesare, Candrakīrti, Motilal Banarsidass, 1988 
Web-sources

延伸閲讀 编辑

導論
  • Lopez, Introduction; Chapter 2: Svatantrika and Prasangika, A Study of Svatantrika, Snow Lion Publications, 1987 
  • Padmakara Translation Group, Translator's Introduction, The Adornment of the Middle Way. Shantarakshita’s Madhyamakalankara with commentary by Jamgön Mipham, Shambhala, 2005 
  • Padmakara Translation Group, Translator's Introduction, Introduction to the Middle Way. Candrakirti’s Madhyamakavatara; with commentary by Ju Mipham, Shambhala, 2012 
印度中觀
  • della Santina, Peter. Madhyamaka Schools in India. Motilal Banarsidass. Delhi. (1986)
西藏中觀(主要/次要 參考資料)
  • Candrakirti; Ju Mipham, Introduction to the Middle Way. Candrakirti’s Madhyamakavatara; with commentary by Ju Mipham, Shambhala, 2012  (Candrakirti/Nyingma)
  • Shantarakshita; Ju Mipham, The Adornment of the Middle Way, Shambhala, 2005, ISBN 1-59030-241-9  (Shantarakshita/Nyingma)
  • Tsong Khapa, The great treatise on the stages of the path to enlightenment: Volume 3, Snow Lion Publications, 2002, ISBN 1-55939-166-9  (Gelugpa)
  • Khedrup Gelek Pelzang, 1st Panchen Lama; 14th Dalai Lama; Berzin, Alexander, Session 10, (PDF), Shambhala, 1997 [2021-01-22], （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-01-29）  (Gelugpa)
  • Jang-Gya; Lopez, Donald, A Study of Svatantrika, Snow Lion Publications, 1987  (Gelugpa)
  • Brunhölzl, Karl, Center of the Sunlit Sky: Madhyamaka in the Kagyu Tradition, Snow Lion Publications, 2004  (Kagyu)
  • Cabezon, J. I.; Lobsang Dargyay, Freedom from Extremes. Gorampa's "Distinguishing the View" and the Polemics of Emptiness, Wisdom, 2007  (Sakya)
西藏中觀(次要參考資料)
  • Dreyfus, Georges B.J.; McClintock, L. Sara (编), Svatantrika-Prasangika Distinction: What Difference Does a Difference Make?, Wisdom Publications, 2003 
  • Vose, Kevin Alan, The Birth of Prāsaṅgika: A Buddhist Movement in India and Tibet, University of Virginia, 2005 
  • Jay L. Garfield (2011), Identifying the Object of Negation and the Status of Conventional Truth: Why the dGag Bya Matters So Much to Tibetan Mādhyamikas （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. In: Moonshadows: Conventional Truth in Buddhist Philosophy （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Oxford University Press ( focuses on the debate between Tsongkhapa and Gorampa)
  • Phuntsho, Karma. Mipham's Dialectics and Debates on Emptiness: To Be, Not to Be or Neither. London: RoutledgeCurzon (2005) ISBN 0-415-35252-5
  • Cornu, Philippe, Nawoord, Schijn en werkelijkheid. De twee waarheden in de vier boeddhistische leerstelsels, KunchabPublicaties, 2001 

參見 编辑

外部連結 编辑

  • The Buddha Within by S. K. Hookham on Rangtong and Shentong

十二月 13, 2023
中觀應成派, 此條目没有列出任何参考或来源, 2014年7月27日, 維基百科所有的內容都應該可供查證, 请协助補充可靠来源以改善这篇条目, 无法查证的內容可能會因為異議提出而被移除, 梵語, prāsaṅgika, madhyamaka, 又稱隨應破派, 必過性空派, 大乘佛教中觀學派之下的支派之一, 由佛護, 月稱建立, 這個派別的學說未傳入漢傳佛教, 但在藏傳佛教傳承下來, 後世的格魯派主要採取他們的見解, 並將此認定為中觀派的主流, 目录, 名稱, 歷史, 註釋, 參考文獻, 延伸閲讀, 參見, 外部連結名. 此條目没有列出任何参考或来源 2014年7月27日 維基百科所有的內容都應該可供查證 请协助補充可靠来源以改善这篇条目 无法查证的內容可能會因為異議提出而被移除 中觀應成派 梵語 Prasaṅgika Madhyamaka 又稱隨應破派 必過性空派 大乘佛教中觀學派之下的支派之一 由佛護 月稱建立 這個派別的學說未傳入漢傳佛教 但在藏傳佛教傳承下來 後世的格魯派主要採取他們的見解 並將此認定為中觀派的主流 1 目录 1 名稱 2 歷史 3 註釋 4 參考文獻 5 延伸閲讀 6 參見 7 外部連結名稱 编辑此派得名於他們使用的辯論技巧 他們採用隨應破 prasaṅga 的方式來闡述空性 清辯採用自立量來作為辯論技巧 與他們形成對立 被稱為中觀自續派 svatantrika 隨應破 又譯為墮過 最早起源於龍樹 中論 本意為 墮於過失 這種辯論技巧認為對方的主張中必有過失 尋找出其過失 就可破斥其主張 當對方最後所有的立論都失敗之後 就可以確認一切法都沒有實體 亦即是空性的 月稱解釋這種方法 為自無宗故 宗 pratijna 是因明學術語 指主張命題 自無宗 也就是自身不需要先提出自己的意見與見解 這派的見解 同於嘉祥吉藏所說 破邪即是顯正 的見解 歷史 编辑隨應破派的名稱 最早起於佛護 月稱 佛護為 中論 作註 提出隨應破方法 被清辯認為此法不合理 主張應採自立量 其徒月稱反駁清辯的見解 之後形成一個宗派 在那爛陀寺中傳承 月稱的見解 之後為寂天繼承 經阿底峽傳入西藏 在噶當派中傳承 經宗喀巴 成為格魯派的中心宗義 註釋 编辑 Padmakara Translation Group 2005 第386 note 12頁 sfn error multiple targets 2 CITEREFPadmakara Translation Group2005 help 參考文獻 编辑主要參考資料Geshe Kelsang Gyatso Ocean of Nectar Tharpa Publications 1995 ISBN 978 0 948006 23 4 Shantarakshita Ju Mipham The Adornment of the Middle Way Padmakara Translation 2005 ISBN 1 59030 241 9 Tsong Khapa The great treatise on the stages of the path to enlightenment Volume 3 Snow Lion Publications 2002 ISBN 1 55939 166 9 Tsonghkhapa Ocean of Reasoning Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 978 0 19 514732 2 次要參考資料Brunholzl Karl Center of the Sunlit Sky Madhyamaka in the Kagyu Tradition Snow Lion Publications 2004 Garfield Jay L Thakchoe Sonam Identifying the Object of Negation and the Status of Conventional Truth Why the dGag Bya Matters So Much to Tibetan Madhyamikas Cowherds 编 Moonshadows Conventional Truth in Buddhist Philosophy Oxford University Press 2011 Cheng Hsueh Li The Roots of Zen Buddhism Journal of Chinese Philosophy 1981 8 451 478 2021 01 22 doi 10 1111 j 1540 6253 1981 tb00267 x 原始内容存档于2019 06 02 Dreyfus Georges B J McClintock L Sara Introduction Dreyfus Georges B J McClintock L Sara 编 Svatantrika Prasangika Distinction What Difference Does a Difference Make Simon and Schuster 2015 Hopkins Jeffrey A Tibetan Perspective on the Nature of Spiritual Experience Buswell Jr Robert E Gimello Robert M 编 Paths to Liberation The Marga and its Transformations in Buddhist Thought Motilal Banarsidass 1994 Hopkins Jeffrey Emptiness Yoga Kalachakra Tantra Rite of Initiation Wisom Publications 1999 Jinpa Thupten Negation identyfying its object Leaman Oliver 编 Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy Routledge 2006 Newland Guy Schijn en werkelijkheid De twee waarheden in de vier boeddhistische leerstelsels KunchabPublicaties 1999 Padmakara Translation Group Translator s Introduction The Adornment of the Middle Way Shantarakshita s Madhyamakalankara with commentary by Jamgon Mipham Shambhala 2005 Padmakara Translation Group Translator s Introduction Introduction to the Middle Way Candrakirti s Madhyamakavatara with commentary by Ju Mipham Shambhala 2012 Rizzi Cesare Candrakirti Motilal Banarsidass 1988 Web sources延伸閲讀 编辑導論Lopez Introduction Chapter 2 Svatantrika and Prasangika A Study of Svatantrika Snow Lion Publications 1987 Padmakara Translation Group Translator s Introduction The Adornment of the Middle Way Shantarakshita s Madhyamakalankara with commentary by Jamgon Mipham Shambhala 2005 Padmakara Translation Group Translator s Introduction Introduction to the Middle Way Candrakirti s Madhyamakavatara with commentary by Ju Mipham Shambhala 2012 印度中觀della Santina Peter Madhyamaka Schools in India Motilal Banarsidass Delhi 1986 西藏中觀 主要 次要 參考資料 Candrakirti Ju Mipham Introduction to the Middle Way Candrakirti s Madhyamakavatara with commentary by Ju Mipham Shambhala 2012 Candrakirti Nyingma Shantarakshita Ju Mipham The Adornment of the Middle Way Shambhala 2005 ISBN 1 59030 241 9 Shantarakshita Nyingma Tsong Khapa The great treatise on the stages of the path to enlightenment Volume 3 Snow Lion Publications 2002 ISBN 1 55939 166 9 Gelugpa Khedrup Gelek Pelzang 1st Panchen Lama 14th Dalai Lama Berzin Alexander Session 10 The Gelug Kagyu Tradition of Mahamudra PDF Shambhala 1997 2021 01 22 原始内容 PDF 存档于2021 01 29 Gelugpa Jang Gya Lopez Donald A Study of Svatantrika Snow Lion Publications 1987 Gelugpa Brunholzl Karl Center of the Sunlit Sky Madhyamaka in the Kagyu Tradition Snow Lion Publications 2004 Kagyu Cabezon J I Lobsang Dargyay Freedom from Extremes Gorampa s Distinguishing the View and the Polemics of Emptiness Wisdom 2007 Sakya 西藏中觀 次要參考資料 Dreyfus Georges B J McClintock L Sara 编 Svatantrika Prasangika Distinction What Difference Does a Difference Make Wisdom Publications 2003 Vose Kevin Alan The Birth of Prasaṅgika A Buddhist Movement in India and Tibet University of Virginia 2005 Jay L Garfield 2011 Identifying the Object of Negation and the Status of Conventional Truth Why the dGag Bya Matters So Much to Tibetan Madhyamikas 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 In Moonshadows Conventional Truth in Buddhist Philosophy 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Oxford University Press focuses on the debate between Tsongkhapa and Gorampa Phuntsho Karma Mipham s Dialectics and Debates on Emptiness To Be Not to Be or Neither London RoutledgeCurzon 2005 ISBN 0 415 35252 5 Cornu Philippe Nawoord Schijn en werkelijkheid De twee waarheden in de vier boeddhistische leerstelsels KunchabPublicaties 2001 參見 编辑中觀 中論 中觀學派外部連結 编辑The Buddha Within by S K Hookham on Rangtong and Shentong 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 中觀應成派 amp oldid 73593350, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，

文章

，阅读，下载，免费，免费下载，mp3，视频，mp4，3gp， jpg，jpeg，gif，png，图片，音乐，歌曲，电影，书籍，游戏，游戏。