马三奇 (人物)

马三奇（東干語：Магәзы Масанчын，俄語：Магазы Масанчи，1886年—1937年）是苏联东干族的共产主义革命家和政治家。^[1] 前布尔什维克黨員。 后在大清洗中被斯大林迫害。哈萨克斯坦江布爾州下轄的卡拉庫努孜村改名为马三奇来纪念他。

马三奇

职业生涯

他出生在阿拉木图一个普通农场工人家庭。^[2][3]

在俄国内战时期，共产党人有有意寻求非俄罗斯的中亚人民支持。东干人于是被邀请来加入苏联红军。^[4]

居住在镇上的东干人在沙皇军队中服役后回到比什凯克，再加入了苏联红军，在七河地区为苏联作战。然而，东干人中的农民在内战中对双方都漠不关心，据报道布尔什维克对中亚土著居民犯下了暴行，而富有的东干人和伊斯兰教的东干教士却站在白人一边，对同胞被杀漠不关心。^[5]

马三奇最初作为俄罗斯帝国军队的一员参加了第一次世界大战。沙皇被推翻后，他去了塔什干。^[3]

马三奇曾指挥过苏联红军的东干骑兵团，并因在哈萨克斯坦与反革命分子作战而闻名。^[6][7]马三奇曾与德米特里·安德烈耶维奇·富尔马诺夫一起为苏联而战。^[8]内战结束后，他成为乌兹别克斯坦和哈萨克斯坦的一名官员。^[9]

1921年参加共产国际第三次代表大会后，马三奇与巴斯玛奇运动进行了斗争。他也是苏联秘密警察的一员。^[10]

马三奇是斯大林大清洗的受害者^[2] ，后被平反。^[9]

参考文献

1. Joseph L. Wieczynski. The Modern encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet history, Volume 21. Academic International Press. 1994: 125 [2011-01-01]. ISBN 0-87569-064-5. （原始内容于2017-07-28）. 
2. Borys Lewytzkyj. The Stalinist terror in the thirties: documentation from the Soviet press. Hoover Institution Press. 1974: 493 [2011-01-01]. ISBN 0-8179-1261-4. 
3. Joseph L. Wieczynski. The Modern encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet history, Volume 21. Academic International Press. 1994: 125 [2011-01-01]. ISBN 0-87569-064-5. （原始内容于2017-06-19）. 
4. Central Asian Research Centre (London, England), St. Antony's College (University of Oxford). Soviet Affairs Study Group. Situating Central Asian review, Volume 16. Published by the Central Asian Research Centre in association with the Soviet Affairs Study Group, St. Antony's College, Oxford. 1968: 251 [2011-01-01]. （原始内容于2018-08-01）. 
5. Central Asian Research Centre (London, England), St. Antony's College (University of Oxford). Soviet Affairs Study Group. Situating Central Asian review, Volume 16. Published by the Central Asian Research Centre in association with the Soviet Affairs Study Group, St. Antony's College, Oxford. 1968: 251 [2011-01-01]. 
6. Central Asian Research Centre (London, England), St. Antony's College (University of Oxford). Soviet Affairs Study Group. Situating Central Asian review, Volume 16. Published by the Central Asian Research Centre in association with the Soviet Affairs Study Group, St. Antony's College, Oxford. 1968: 250 [2011-01-01]. （原始内容于2013-06-22）. 
7. Rais Abdulkhakovich Tuzmukhamedov. How the national question was solved in Soviet Central Asia (a reply to falsifiers). Progress Publishers. 1973: 74 [2011-01-01]. 
8. Joint Committee on Slavic Studies, American Council of Learned Societies, Social Science Research Council (U.S.), American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies. The Current digest of the Soviet press, Volume 20. American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies. 1968: 35 [2011-01-01]. 
9. Central Asian Research Centre (London, England), St. Antony's College (University of Oxford). Soviet Affairs Study Group. Situating Central Asian review, Volume 16. Published by the Central Asian Research Centre in association with the Soviet Affairs Study Group, St. Antony's College, Oxford. 1968: 250 [2011-01-01]. 
10. Joseph L. Wieczynski. The Modern encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet history, Volume 21. Academic International Press. 1994: 125 [2011-01-01]. ISBN 0-87569-064-5. （原始内容于2013-05-27）.