^ 1.01.11.21.31.4Eibling, David E. 78 - Neck Dissection. Operative Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery 1 2nd. Philadelphia: Saunders. 2008: 679 – 708. ISBN 978-1-4377-2083-9. OCLC 825780332. doi:10.1016/B978-1-4160-2445-3.50082-0（英语）.
^ 3.03.13.2Posnick, Jeffrey C. 40 - Aesthetic Alteration of the Soft Tissues of the Neck and Lower Face: Evaluation and Surgery. Orthognathic Surgery: Principles & Practice. St. Louis: Saunders. 2014: 1746 – 1783. ISBN 978-1-4557-5027-6. OCLC 860861780. doi:10.1016/B978-1-4557-2698-1.00040-X（英语）.
^Kim, Se-Hoon; Chang, Ung-Kyu; Kim, Daniel H.; Bilsky, Mark H., Kim, Daniel H.; Chang, Ung-Kyu; Kim, Se-Hoon; Bilsky, Mark H. , 编, Chapter 19 - Management of Upper Cervical Spine Tumors, Tumors of the Spine (Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders), 2006-01-01: 378–394 [2021-01-06], ISBN 978-1-4160-3367-7（英语）
^Kim, Se-Hoon; Chang, Ung-Kyu; Kim, Daniel H.; Bilsky, Mark H. 19 - Management of Upper Cervical Spine Tumors. Tumors of the Spine. Philadelphia: Saunders. 2008: 378 – 394. ISBN 978-1-4377-2164-5. OCLC 489078564. doi:10.1016/B978-1-4160-3367-7.10019-7（英语）.
^ 6.06.1Wolfe, Michael J.; Wilson, Keith. 21 - Head and Neck Cancer. Essentials of Surgical Oncology: Surgical Foundations. Philadelphia: Mosby. 2007: 329 – 357. ISBN 0-8151-4385-0. OCLC 608607674. doi:10.1016/B978-0-8151-4385-7.50027-8（英语）.
^Cothren, C. Clay; Moore, Ernest E. 19 - Penetrating Neck Trauma. Abernathy's Surgical Secrets 6th. Philadelphia: Mosby. 2009: 110 – 113. ISBN 0-323-07475-8. OCLC 460933202. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-05711-0.00019-7（英语）.
^Bell, RB; Osborn, T; Dierks, EJ; Potter, BE; Long, WB. Management of penetrating neck injuries: a new paradigm for civilian trauma. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2007, 65 (4): 691–705. PMID 17368366. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2006.04.044.
^Labb??n a similar fashion to other muscles, the platysma is vulnerable to tears, strains and muscle atrophy among many other possible conditions. The platysma is vulnerable to neck injuries that may penetrate it. A type of medical imaging called CTA (computed tomography angiography), used to visualise arterial and venous vessels, is useful to minimise the number of neck explorations, thus improving the handling of the condition.[3] Another area of importance of the platysma lies in plastic surgery. Neck bands in the area become most noticeable with age, aggravated by weightlifting or facelift. If it doesn't heal with time, there are many options to correct this: Botox/Dysport/Xeomin and platysmaplasty. Platysmaplasty is a surgery in this area, that can be open or closed, in the latter a specialised instrument called plastymotome that allow the surgery to be done without incisions. It takes approximately 2 weeks for the symptoms to be reduced.[4], Daniel; Franco, R G.; Nicolas, J. Platysma Suspension and Platysmaplasty during Neck Lift: Anatomical Study and Analysis of 30 Cases. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. May 2006, 117 (6): 2001–2007. ISSN 0032-1052. doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000218972.75144.9c.
^Daher, JC. Closed platysmotomy: a new procedure for the treatment of platysma bands without skin dissection. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2011, 35 (5): 866–77. PMC 3192284. PMID 21847680. doi:10.1007/s00266-011-9782-0.
^Alam, Murad; White, Lucile E. 1 - Anatomy in Dermatologic Surgery. Complications in Dermatologic Surgery. Philadelphia: Mosby. 2008: 1 – 18. ISBN 0-323-04546-4. OCLC 811786617. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-04546-9.10001-9（英语）.
延伸閱讀
David Burnie. 新世紀人體學習百科. 台灣: 貓頭鷹出版社. 1997-06-30. ISBN 957-9684-11-1（中文）.
十二月 29, 2022
頸闊肌, platysma, 是頸部前側的淺層肌肉, 它是一塊表面肌肉, 主要覆蓋在胸鎖乳突肌表面, 收縮時, 會使頸部皮膚稍微起皺, 產生, 弓弦, bowstring, 的效果, 位於圖中橘色位置, 仔細移除頸部皮膚後, 會露出, 基本信息起點, 英语, anatomical, terms, muscle, insertion, origin, 鎖骨上下方的皮下組織終點, 英语, anatomical, terms, muscle, insertion, origin, 下頷骨底部, 臉頰皮膚, 下脣皮膚, 嘴. 頸闊肌 Platysma 是頸部前側的淺層肌肉 它是一塊表面肌肉 主要覆蓋在胸鎖乳突肌表面 頸闊肌收縮時 會使頸部皮膚稍微起皺 產生 弓弦 Bowstring 的效果 頸闊肌頸闊肌位於圖中橘色位置 仔細移除頸部皮膚後 會露出頸闊肌 基本信息起點 英语 Anatomical terms of muscle Insertion and origin 鎖骨上下方的皮下組織終點 英语 Anatomical terms of muscle Insertion and origin 下頷骨底部 臉頰皮膚 下脣皮膚 嘴角 口輪匝肌动脉頦下動脈 英语 submental artery 與肩胛上動脈 英语 suprascapular artery 兩者的分支神经顏面神經頸支 英语 cervical branch of the facial nerve 相關動作 英语 Kinesiology 悲傷或驚嚇時 使嘴往下往外 使頸部皮膚往上緊貼牙齒拮抗肌 英语 Antagonist muscle 嚼肌 顳肌 英语 temporalis muscle 标识字符拉丁文PlatysmaTA98A04 2 01 001TA22147FMAFMA 45738格雷氏p 387 肌肉解剖学术语 英语 Anatomical terms of muscle 在维基数据上编辑 目录 1 結構 1 1 神經 1 2 血管 1 3 相對位置 1 4 變異 2 功能 2 1 起皺 2 2 下顎及下脣 3 臨床重要性 3 1 傷害 3 2 頸部手術 3 3 整形手術 4 动物 5 參考資料 6 延伸閱讀結構 编辑頸闊肌是一塊大片的扇形肌肉 肌肉纖維從蓋住胸大肌 Pectoralis major 與三角肌 Deltoid 上段的筋膜出發 構成扇形的寬端 接著肌肉向上越過鎖骨 沿著頸部邊緣向上向內側走 留下頸部中線下半段沒有被覆蓋 一些肌肉纖維在下頷聯合 英语 Mandibular symphysis 後下方會合 往後沿斜線 Oblique line 穿過下頷骨 其他肌肉纖維則附著在臉下方的皮膚與皮下組織上 或者與顴大肌 英语 zygomaticus major muscle 口輪匝肌等肌肉融合 1 如果將嘴的外緣盡量向下拉 就會感受到頸部的頸闊肌拉緊 神經 编辑 頸闊肌由顏面神經頸支 英语 cervical branch of the facial nerve 支配 1 2 血管 编辑 頸闊肌由頦下動脈 英语 submental artery 與肩胛上動脈 英语 suprascapular artery 兩者的分支供應血液 相對位置 编辑 頸闊肌淺層有皮下筋膜與組織 1 3 深層有許多頸部構造 包含由下頷角 英语 angle of the mandible 下至鎖骨的頸外靜脈 英语 external jugular vein 4 以及更深的頸外動脈 英语 external carotid artery 腮腺 小枕神經 英语 lesser occipital nerve 大耳神經 英语 great auricular nerve 5 及顏面神經下頷支 英语 marginal mandibular branch 6 變異 编辑 頸闊肌變異發生於延展程度 伸展入面部的高度 穿過鎖骨或肩部的程度都因人而異 頸闊肌可能會在單側消失或交叉到對側 可能附著在鎖骨 乳突 Mastoid process 或枕骨上 一小部分的肌束可能會形成枕小肌 Occipitalis minor 從斜方肌 Trapezius 通到胸鎖乳突肌 Sternocleidomastoid SCM 終點 功能 编辑起皺 编辑 頸闊肌整片運動時 頸部表面皮膚會產生斜向的皺紋 有如弓弦 bowstring 一般 3 下顎及下脣 编辑 頸闊肌前部 整塊肌肉最厚的部分 能夠使下顎向下降 並在蹙額撇嘴 frown 時把下脣與嘴角往下拉 平時頸闊肌的降下脣作用很小 該動作主要由降口角肌 英语 depressor anguli oris muscle 與降下脣肌 英语 depressor labii inferioris muscle 負責 只有很少人能够有意识地操纵颈阔肌 皮肤松弛的老年人的颈部前部两侧可以看到两根沟 就是颈阔肌形成的 臨床重要性 编辑頸闊肌可能發生撕裂傷 拉傷 英语 Strain injury 或萎縮 傷害 编辑 由於頸闊肌既淺且薄 因此容易發生穿刺傷 英语 Penetrating trauma 它的破壞是頸部穿刺傷的標誌 於槍擊時搭配CTA 能夠有效診斷血管損傷 7 有效減少需要手術的個案數 8 頸部手術 编辑 頸闊肌在頸部手術中一定會被切開 以便醫療團隊處理深層結構 1 6 若要避免疤痕產生 就必須精準縫合頸闊肌肌肉纖維 1 整形手術 编辑 頸闊肌張力下降產生皺紋 可能導致肌肉變薄縮短 可能與正常衰老有關 也可能是顏面神經麻痺 Facial nerve palsy 的續發性併發症 3 舉重或拉皮手術可能會使頸闊肌張力進一步下降 造成頸闊肌運動障礙 Platysma dyskinesia 英語俗稱Turkey neck 火雞頸 保守治療是可行選項之一 也可以注射肉毒桿菌毒素並執行頸闊肌成形術 英语 platysmaplasty 9 症狀減緩約需兩周 10 脂肪組織分布比頸闊肌表淺 因此抽脂手術很容易刺傷頸闊肌 必須盡力避免 以防出血 11 动物 编辑在宠物中只有食肉目和猪有颈阔肌 这些动物的颈阔肌終點不在喉部 肌肉會向后一直延伸到肩膀 食肉目还有两块下颌和胸之间的表皮肌肉 它们可以使得颈部下部的皮肤拉紧 有蹄類没有颈阔肌 它们只有在颈部的背部有两块表皮肌肉 參考資料 编辑 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 Eibling David E 78 Neck Dissection Operative Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 1 2nd Philadelphia Saunders 2008 679 708 ISBN 978 1 4377 2083 9 OCLC 825780332 doi 10 1016 B978 1 4160 2445 3 50082 0 英语 Anatomy amp Physiology 8th Edition McGraw Hill Co 2008 3 0 3 1 3 2 Posnick Jeffrey C 40 Aesthetic Alteration of the Soft Tissues of the Neck and Lower Face Evaluation and Surgery Orthognathic Surgery Principles amp Practice St Louis Saunders 2014 1746 1783 ISBN 978 1 4557 5027 6 OCLC 860861780 doi 10 1016 B978 1 4557 2698 1 00040 X 英语 Kim Se Hoon Chang Ung Kyu Kim Daniel H Bilsky Mark H Kim Daniel H Chang Ung Kyu Kim Se Hoon Bilsky Mark H 编 Chapter 19 Management of Upper Cervical Spine Tumors Tumors of the Spine Philadelphia W B Saunders 2006 01 01 378 394 2021 01 06 ISBN 978 1 4160 3367 7 英语 Kim Se Hoon Chang Ung Kyu Kim Daniel H Bilsky Mark H 19 Management of Upper Cervical Spine Tumors Tumors of the Spine Philadelphia Saunders 2008 378 394 ISBN 978 1 4377 2164 5 OCLC 489078564 doi 10 1016 B978 1 4160 3367 7 10019 7 英语 6 0 6 1 Wolfe Michael J Wilson Keith 21 Head and Neck Cancer Essentials of Surgical Oncology Surgical Foundations Philadelphia Mosby 2007 329 357 ISBN 0 8151 4385 0 OCLC 608607674 doi 10 1016 B978 0 8151 4385 7 50027 8 英语 Cothren C Clay Moore Ernest E 19 Penetrating Neck Trauma Abernathy s Surgical Secrets 6th Philadelphia Mosby 2009 110 113 ISBN 0 323 07475 8 OCLC 460933202 doi 10 1016 B978 0 323 05711 0 00019 7 英语 Bell RB Osborn T Dierks EJ Potter BE Long WB Management of penetrating neck injuries a new paradigm for civilian trauma J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007 65 4 691 705 PMID 17368366 doi 10 1016 j joms 2006 04 044 Labb n a similar fashion to other muscles the platysma is vulnerable to tears strains and muscle atrophy among many other possible conditions The platysma is vulnerable to neck injuries that may penetrate it A type of medical imaging called CTA computed tomography angiography used to visualise arterial and venous vessels is useful to minimise the number of neck explorations thus improving the handling of the condition 3 Another area of importance of the platysma lies in plastic surgery Neck bands in the area become most noticeable with age aggravated by weightlifting or facelift If it doesn t heal with time there are many options to correct this Botox Dysport Xeomin and platysmaplasty Platysmaplasty is a surgery in this area that can be open or closed in the latter a specialised instrument called plastymotome that allow the surgery to be done without incisions It takes approximately 2 weeks for the symptoms to be reduced 4 Daniel Franco R G Nicolas J Platysma Suspension and Platysmaplasty during Neck Lift Anatomical Study and Analysis of 30 Cases Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery May 2006 117 6 2001 2007 ISSN 0032 1052 doi 10 1097 01 prs 0000218972 75144 9c Daher JC Closed platysmotomy a new procedure for the treatment of platysma bands without skin dissection Aesthetic Plast Surg 2011 35 5 866 77 PMC 3192284 PMID 21847680 doi 10 1007 s00266 011 9782 0 Alam Murad White Lucile E 1 Anatomy in Dermatologic Surgery Complications in Dermatologic Surgery Philadelphia Mosby 2008 1 18 ISBN 0 323 04546 4 OCLC 811786617 doi 10 1016 B978 0 323 04546 9 10001 9 英语 延伸閱讀 编辑David Burnie 新世紀人體學習百科 台灣 貓頭鷹出版社 1997 06 30 ISBN 957 9684 11 1 中文 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 頸闊肌 amp oldid 73714568, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，
