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维基百科

季節性流感疫苗

十月 19, 2023

「流感疫苗」重定向至此。關於针对H5N1、H7N9等的疫苗，請見「流感疫苗 (消歧义)」。
维基百科中的醫學内容仅供参考，並不能視作專業意見。如需獲取醫療幫助或意見，请咨询专业人士。詳見醫學聲明。

季節性流感疫苗，簡稱流感疫苗（influenza vaccine，flu shot），為針對流行性感冒（季节性流感）的疫苗。因為流感病毒變化的速度很快，一年會發展新的流感疫苗兩次。大部分狀況下，疫苗有中度到高度的保護力；然而每年情況略有不同。[2][3]對65歲以上的長者，目前證據較缺乏。[4][5]平均來說，他們可以減少半日因病而上班必須請假的狀況。[6]有打疫苗的孩童，可以保護他們周遭的人。[2]

季節性流感疫苗
美国海军人员接种疫苗
臨床資料
商品名（英语：Drug nomenclature）Fluarix、Fluzone、others
AHFS（英语：American Society of Health-System Pharmacists）/Drugs.comMonograph
给药途径IM、鼻内
ATC碼
  • J07BB01 (WHO)
法律規範狀態
法律規範
识别信息
CAS号1704512-59-3

世界衛生組織和美國疾病控制與預防中心都建議幾乎任何大於六個月的人，每年應該施打流感疫苗。[2][7]尤其是孕婦、六個月大至五歲的孩童、有慢性疾病者、美洲原住民、以及醫療相關人員。[2][1]

分類 编辑

流感疫苗多分为：（裂解）灭活疫苗（IIV）及裂解亚单位疫苗[8]、减毒活疫苗（LAIV）、重组亚单位疫苗（RIV）[9]。灭活疫苗（含灭活全病毒、灭活裂解、裂解亚单位三个子类[8]）最为常用，又分为三价与四价剂型。

有效性 编辑

过去灭活疫苗及减毒疫苗曾产生抗体依赖增强作用使2009年接种季节性甲型H1N1（针对类似A/Brisbane/59/2007的一株）疫苗的人更容易得甲型H1N1pdm09（A/California/7/2009病毒）新型流感。[10]2010年起H1N1株被改为“pandemic系”，2022年为人6B.1a.5a.2系。[11]2011年起开始推广亚单位疫苗。

年度更新 编辑

以下为北半球每年流感疫苗针对的毒株列表。Starting in the 2012–2013 season, the recommendation shifted from a trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) containing three strains to a quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) that contains both influenza B lineages.[來源請求]

年度 H1N1甲流 演化支 类似猪H1支[note 1] H3N2甲流 演化支 乙流Victoria株 演化支 乙流山形株
November 1998–April 1999[12] A/Beijing/262/95 (H1N1)-like virus 未谱系 A/Sydney/5/97 (H3N2)-like virus N/A B/Beijing/184/93-like virus
November 1999–April 2000[13] B/Shangdong/7/97-like virus[note 2] B/Beijing/184/93-like virus[note 2]
2000–2001[14] A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1)-like virus A/Moscow/10/99 (H3N2)-like virus N/A B/Beijing/184/93-like virus
2001–2002[15] N/A B/Sichuan/379/99-like virus
2002–2003[16] B/Hong Kong/330/2001-like virus N/A
2003–2004[17] B/Hong Kong/330/2001-like virus N/A
2004–2005[18] A/Fujian/411/2002 (H3N2)-like virus N/A B/Shanghai/361/2002-like virus
2005–2006[19] A/California/7/2004 (H3N2)-like virus N/A B/Shanghai/361/2002-like virus
2006–2007[20] A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2)-like virus B/Malaysia/2506/2004-like virus N/A
2007–2008[21] A/Solomon Islands/3/2006 (H1N1)-like virus B/Malaysia/2506/2004-like virus N/A
2008–2009[22] A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1)-like virus 1B.2.1[11] A/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2)-like virus N/A B/Florida/4/2006-like virus
2009–2010[23] B/Brisbane/60/2008-like virus N/A
2010–2011[24] A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)-like virus (0)[25] 1A.3.3.2[11] A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like virus N/A
2011–2012[26] A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)-like virus N/A
2012–2013[27] A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)pdm09[note 3]-like virus[28] A/Victoria/361/2011 (H3N2)-like virus B/Wisconsin/1/2010-like virus
2013–2014[29] A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)pdm09[note 3]-like virus A(H3N2) virus antigenically like the cell-propagated prototype virus A/Victoria/361/2011[note 4] B/Massachusetts/2/2012-like virus
2014–2015[30] A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)pdm09[note 3]-like virus A/Texas/50/2012 (H3N2)-like virus[note 5]
2015–2016[31] A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)pdm09[note 3]-like virus A/Switzerland/9715293/2013 (H3N2)-like virus B/Phuket/3073/2013-like virus
2016–2017[32][33] A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)pdm09[note 3]-like virus A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2)-like virus 3C.2a
2017–2018[34][35] A/Michigan/45/2015 (H1N1)pdm09[note 3]-like virus[36] 6B.1 不再使用
2018–2019[37][38] A/Michigan/45/2015 (H1N1)pdm09[note 3]-like virus A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 (H3N2)-like virus 3C.2a1 B/Colorado/06/2017-like virus (B/Victoria/2/87 lineage)
2019–2020[39][40][41] A/Brisbane/02/2018 (H1N1)pdm09[note 3]-like virus 6B.1A.1 A/Kansas/14/2017 (H3N2)-like virus 3C.3a
2020–2021 egg-based vaccines[42] A/Guangdong-Maonan/SWL1536/2019 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus[note 3] 6B.1A.5a.1 A/Hong Kong/2671/2019 (H3N2)-like virus 3C.2a1b.1b B/Washington/02/2019 (B/Victoria lineage)-like virus V1A.3
2020–2021 cell- or recombinant-based vaccines[42] A/Hawaii/70/2019 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus[note 3] A/Hong Kong/45/2019 (H3N2)-like virus
2021–2022 egg-based vaccines[43] A/Victoria/2570/2019 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus[note 3] 6B.1A.5a.2 A/Cambodia/e0826360/2020 (H3N2)-like virus 3C.2a1b.2a.1
2021–2022 cell- or recombinant-based vaccines[43] A/Wisconsin/588/2019 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus[note 3]
2022–2023 egg-based vaccines[44] A/Victoria/2570/2019 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus A/Darwin/9/2021 (H3N2)-like virus 3C.2a1b.2a.2a B/Austria/1359417/2021 (B/Victoria lineage)-like virus V1A.3a.2
2022–2023 cell- or recombinant-based vaccines[44] A/Wisconsin/588/2019 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus A/Darwin/6/2021 (H3N2)-like virus
2023–2024 egg-based vaccines[45] A/Victoria/4897/2022 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus 6B.1A.5a.2a.1 A/Darwin/9/2021 (H3N2)-like virus
2023–2024 cell- or recombinant-based vaccines[45] A/Wisconsin/67/2022 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus A/Darwin/6/2021 (H3N2)-like virus
  1. ^ 早期针对人类流感病毒进行详细谱系，仅存在最接近的猪H1流感病毒的HA蛋白谱系，一些最接近人H1N1流感病毒的猪H1流感病毒甚至属于H1N2型。
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 The recommendation was for either the B Victoria or the B Yamagata strain.
  3. ^ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 (H1N1)pdm09 is newer nomenclature for the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus, not a different strain.
  4. ^ It is recommended that A/Texas/50/2012 is used as the A(H3N2) vaccine component because of antigenic changes in earlier A/Victoria/361/2011-like vaccine viruses (such as IVR-165) resulting from adaptation to propagation in eggs.
  5. ^ A/Texas/50/2012 is an A(H3N2) virus that following adaptation to growth in eggs has maintained antigenic properties similar to the majority of recently circulating cell-propagated A(H3N2) viruses including A/Victoria/361/2011

副作用 编辑

疫苗大致上是安全的。在兒童，有5-10%會有發燒的反應，也有可能有肌肉痛、疲倦等症狀。在某些年份，疫苗可能在年長者引起格林－巴利综合征，機率約百萬分之一。疫苗不應該施打於對蛋嚴重過敏者、或有流感疫苗過敏史者。疫苗有不活化疫苗及減毒疫苗兩種。孕婦應該使用不活化疫苗。在施打類型方面，有肌肉內注射、鼻噴劑、皮內注射等形式。[2]

歷史 编辑

對抗流感的疫苗在1930年代開始，一直到1945年開始在美國廣為使用。[46][47]它被列在世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單，即其建議之對基礎健康照護系統最重要的藥物。[48]在2014年，其批發價約5.25美元。[49]在美國，則是少於25美元。[50]

參考 编辑

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  25. ^ 不属于1～7，为1～7系的祖型
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十月 19, 2023
季節性流感疫苗, 流感疫苗, 重定向至此, 關於针对h5n1, h7n9等的疫苗, 請見, 流感疫苗, 消歧义, 维基百科中的醫學内容仅供参考, 並不能視作專業意見, 如需獲取醫療幫助或意見, 请咨询专业人士, 詳見醫學聲明, 簡稱流感疫苗, influenza, vaccine, shot, 為針對流行性感冒, 季节性流感, 的疫苗, 因為流感病毒變化的速度很快, 一年會發展新的流感疫苗兩次, 大部分狀況下, 疫苗有中度到高度的保護力, 然而每年情況略有不同, 對65歲以上的長者, 目前證據較缺乏, 平均來說, . 流感疫苗 重定向至此 關於针对H5N1 H7N9等的疫苗 請見 流感疫苗 消歧义 维基百科中的醫學内容仅供参考 並不能視作專業意見 如需獲取醫療幫助或意見 请咨询专业人士 詳見醫學聲明 季節性流感疫苗 簡稱流感疫苗 influenza vaccine flu shot 為針對流行性感冒 季节性流感 的疫苗 因為流感病毒變化的速度很快 一年會發展新的流感疫苗兩次 大部分狀況下 疫苗有中度到高度的保護力 然而每年情況略有不同 2 3 對65歲以上的長者 目前證據較缺乏 4 5 平均來說 他們可以減少半日因病而上班必須請假的狀況 6 有打疫苗的孩童 可以保護他們周遭的人 2 季節性流感疫苗美国海军人员接种疫苗臨床資料商品名 英语 Drug nomenclature Fluarix Fluzone othersAHFS 英语 American Society of Health System Pharmacists Drugs comMonograph给药途径IM 鼻内ATC碼J07BB01 WHO 法律規範狀態法律規範美 处方药 only 识别信息CAS号1704512 59 3世界衛生組織和美國疾病控制與預防中心都建議幾乎任何大於六個月的人 每年應該施打流感疫苗 2 7 尤其是孕婦 六個月大至五歲的孩童 有慢性疾病者 美洲原住民 以及醫療相關人員 2 1 目录 1 分類 2 有效性 2 1 年度更新 3 副作用 4 歷史 5 參考分類 编辑流感疫苗多分为 裂解 灭活疫苗 IIV 及裂解亚单位疫苗 8 减毒活疫苗 LAIV 重组亚单位疫苗 RIV 9 灭活疫苗 含灭活全病毒 灭活裂解 裂解亚单位三个子类 8 最为常用 又分为三价与四价剂型 有效性 编辑过去灭活疫苗及减毒疫苗曾产生抗体依赖增强作用使2009年接种季节性甲型H1N1 针对类似A Brisbane 59 2007的一株 疫苗的人更容易得甲型H1N1pdm09 A California 7 2009病毒 新型流感 10 2010年起H1N1株被改为 pandemic系 2022年为人6B 1a 5a 2系 11 2011年起开始推广亚单位疫苗 年度更新 编辑 以下为北半球每年流感疫苗针对的毒株列表 Starting in the 2012 2013 season the recommendation shifted from a trivalent influenza vaccine TIV containing three strains to a quadrivalent influenza vaccine QIV that contains both influenza B lineages 來源請求 年度 H1N1甲流 演化支 类似猪H1支 note 1 H3N2甲流 演化支 乙流Victoria株 演化支 乙流山形株November 1998 April 1999 12 A Beijing 262 95 H1N1 like virus 未谱系 A Sydney 5 97 H3N2 like virus N A B Beijing 184 93 like virusNovember 1999 April 2000 13 B Shangdong 7 97 like virus note 2 B Beijing 184 93 like virus note 2 2000 2001 14 A New Caledonia 20 99 H1N1 like virus A Moscow 10 99 H3N2 like virus N A B Beijing 184 93 like virus2001 2002 15 N A B Sichuan 379 99 like virus2002 2003 16 B Hong Kong 330 2001 like virus N A2003 2004 17 B Hong Kong 330 2001 like virus N A2004 2005 18 A Fujian 411 2002 H3N2 like virus N A B Shanghai 361 2002 like virus2005 2006 19 A California 7 2004 H3N2 like virus N A B Shanghai 361 2002 like virus2006 2007 20 A Wisconsin 67 2005 H3N2 like virus B Malaysia 2506 2004 like virus N A2007 2008 21 A Solomon Islands 3 2006 H1N1 like virus B Malaysia 2506 2004 like virus N A2008 2009 22 A Brisbane 59 2007 H1N1 like virus 1B 2 1 11 A Brisbane 10 2007 H3N2 like virus N A B Florida 4 2006 like virus2009 2010 23 B Brisbane 60 2008 like virus N A2010 2011 24 A California 7 2009 H1N1 like virus 0 25 1A 3 3 2 11 A Perth 16 2009 H3N2 like virus N A2011 2012 26 A California 7 2009 H1N1 like virus N A2012 2013 27 A California 7 2009 H1N1 pdm09 note 3 like virus 28 A Victoria 361 2011 H3N2 like virus B Wisconsin 1 2010 like virus2013 2014 29 A California 7 2009 H1N1 pdm09 note 3 like virus A H3N2 virus antigenically like the cell propagated prototype virus A Victoria 361 2011 note 4 B Massachusetts 2 2012 like virus2014 2015 30 A California 7 2009 H1N1 pdm09 note 3 like virus A Texas 50 2012 H3N2 like virus note 5 2015 2016 31 A California 7 2009 H1N1 pdm09 note 3 like virus A Switzerland 9715293 2013 H3N2 like virus B Phuket 3073 2013 like virus2016 2017 32 33 A California 7 2009 H1N1 pdm09 note 3 like virus A Hong Kong 4801 2014 H3N2 like virus 3C 2a2017 2018 34 35 A Michigan 45 2015 H1N1 pdm09 note 3 like virus 36 6B 1 不再使用2018 2019 37 38 A Michigan 45 2015 H1N1 pdm09 note 3 like virus A Singapore INFIMH 16 0019 2016 H3N2 like virus 3C 2a1 B Colorado 06 2017 like virus B Victoria 2 87 lineage 2019 2020 39 40 41 A Brisbane 02 2018 H1N1 pdm09 note 3 like virus 6B 1A 1 A Kansas 14 2017 H3N2 like virus 3C 3a2020 2021 egg based vaccines 42 A Guangdong Maonan SWL1536 2019 H1N1 pdm09 like virus note 3 6B 1A 5a 1 A Hong Kong 2671 2019 H3N2 like virus 3C 2a1b 1b B Washington 02 2019 B Victoria lineage like virus V1A 32020 2021 cell or recombinant based vaccines 42 A Hawaii 70 2019 H1N1 pdm09 like virus note 3 A Hong Kong 45 2019 H3N2 like virus2021 2022 egg based vaccines 43 A Victoria 2570 2019 H1N1 pdm09 like virus note 3 6B 1A 5a 2 A Cambodia e0826360 2020 H3N2 like virus 3C 2a1b 2a 12021 2022 cell or recombinant based vaccines 43 A Wisconsin 588 2019 H1N1 pdm09 like virus note 3 2022 2023 egg based vaccines 44 A Victoria 2570 2019 H1N1 pdm09 like virus A Darwin 9 2021 H3N2 like virus 3C 2a1b 2a 2a B Austria 1359417 2021 B Victoria lineage like virus V1A 3a 22022 2023 cell or recombinant based vaccines 44 A Wisconsin 588 2019 H1N1 pdm09 like virus A Darwin 6 2021 H3N2 like virus2023 2024 egg based vaccines 45 A Victoria 4897 2022 H1N1 pdm09 like virus 6B 1A 5a 2a 1 A Darwin 9 2021 H3N2 like virus2023 2024 cell or recombinant based vaccines 45 A Wisconsin 67 2022 H1N1 pdm09 like virus A Darwin 6 2021 H3N2 like virus 早期针对人类流感病毒进行详细谱系 仅存在最接近的猪H1流感病毒的HA蛋白谱系 一些最接近人H1N1流感病毒的猪H1流感病毒甚至属于H1N2型 2 0 2 1 The recommendation was for either the B Victoria or the B Yamagata strain 3 00 3 01 3 02 3 03 3 04 3 05 3 06 3 07 3 08 3 09 3 10 3 11 H1N1 pdm09 is newer nomenclature for the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus not a different strain It is recommended that A Texas 50 2012 is used as the A H3N2 vaccine component because of antigenic changes in earlier A Victoria 361 2011 like vaccine viruses such as IVR 165 resulting from adaptation to propagation in eggs A Texas 50 2012 is an A H3N2 virus that following adaptation to growth in eggs has maintained antigenic properties similar to the majority of recently circulating cell propagated A H3N2 viruses including A Victoria 361 2011副作用 编辑疫苗大致上是安全的 在兒童 有5 10 會有發燒的反應 也有可能有肌肉痛 疲倦等症狀 在某些年份 疫苗可能在年長者引起格林 巴利综合征 機率約百萬分之一 疫苗不應該施打於對蛋嚴重過敏者 或有流感疫苗過敏史者 疫苗有不活化疫苗及減毒疫苗兩種 孕婦應該使用不活化疫苗 在施打類型方面 有肌肉內注射 鼻噴劑 皮內注射等形式 2 歷史 编辑對抗流感的疫苗在1930年代開始 一直到1945年開始在美國廣為使用 46 47 它被列在世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單 即其建議之對基礎健康照護系統最重要的藥物 48 在2014年 其批發價約5 25美元 49 在美國 則是少於25美元 50 參考 编辑 1 0 1 1 Influenza Virus Vaccine Inactivated The American Society of Health System Pharmacists 2015 01 08 原始内容存档于2014 12 25 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 Vaccines against influenza WHO position paper November 2012 Releve Epidemiologique Hebdomadaire 2012 11 23 87 47 2022 11 02 ISSN 0049 8114 PMID 23210147 原始内容存档于2022 11 02 Manzoli Lamberto Ioannidis John P A Flacco Maria Elena De Vito Corrado Villari Paolo Effectiveness and harms of seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines in children adults and elderly A critical review and re analysis of 15 meta analyses Human Vaccines amp Immunotherapeutics 2012 07 8 7 2022 11 02 ISSN 2164 5515 PMC 3495721 nbsp PMID 22777099 doi 10 4161 hv 19917 原始内容存档于2020 06 07 英语 引文格式1维护 PMC格式 link Osterholm Michael T Kelley Nicholas S Sommer Alfred Belongia Edward A Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines a systematic review and meta analysis The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2012 01 01 12 1 2022 11 02 ISSN 1473 3099 PMID 22032844 doi 10 1016 S1473 3099 11 70295 X 原始内容存档于2018 09 14 英语 Jefferson Tom Di Pietrantonj Carlo Al Ansary Lubna A Ferroni Eliana Thorning Sarah Thomas Roger E Vaccines for preventing influenza in the elderly The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010 02 17 2 2022 11 02 ISSN 1469 493X PMID 20166072 doi 10 1002 14651858 CD004876 pub3 原始内容存档于2022 11 23 Demicheli Vittorio Jefferson Tom Al Ansary Lubna A Ferroni Eliana Rivetti Alessandro Di Pietrantonj Carlo Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy adults The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014 03 13 3 2022 11 02 ISSN 1469 493X PMID 24623315 doi 10 1002 14651858 CD001269 pub5 原始内容存档于2023 03 15 Who Should Get Vaccinated Against Influenza U S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2015 11 04 2015 12 08 原始内容存档于2014 01 22 8 0 8 1 Sook San Wong and Richard J Webby Traditional and New Influenza Vaccines Clin Microbiol Rev 2013 Jul 26 3 476 492 2023 03 14 doi 10 1128 CMR 00097 12 原始内容存档于2023 03 14 Comparison of live attenuated influenza vaccine LAIV inactivated influenza vaccine IIV and recombinant influenza vaccine RIV for prevention of seasonal influenza United States formulations for persons younger than 65 years 2022 11 03 原始内容存档于2022 11 03 Skowronski DM De Serres G Crowcroft NS Janjua NZ Boulianne N Hottes TS et al Association between the 2008 09 seasonal influenza vaccine and pandemic H1N1 illness during Spring Summer 2009 four observational studies from Canada PLOS Medicine April 2010 7 4 e1000258 PMC 2850386 nbsp PMID 20386731 doi 10 1371 journal pmed 1000258 11 0 11 1 11 2 Tapia R Torremorell M Culhane M et al Antigenic characterization of novel H1 influenza A viruses in swine 2023 03 14 原始内容存档于2023 03 16 引文格式1维护 显式使用等标签 link Recommendations for Influenza Vaccine Composition Northern hemisphere November 1998 April 1999 World Health Organization WHO 14 June 2012 原始内容存档于29 April 2013 Recommendations for Influenza Vaccine Composition Northern hemisphere November 1999 to April 2000 World Health Organization WHO 14 June 2012 原始内容存档于29 April 2013 Recommendations for Influenza Vaccine Composition Northern hemisphere 2000 2001 World Health Organization WHO 14 June 2012 原始内容存档于29 April 2013 Recommendations 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Recommendations for Influenza Vaccine Composition Northern hemisphere 2008 2009 World Health Organization WHO 14 June 2012 原始内容存档于29 April 2013 Recommendations for Influenza Vaccine Composition Northern hemisphere 2009 2010 World Health Organization WHO 14 June 2012 原始内容存档于29 April 2013 Recommended viruses for influenza vaccines for use in the 2010 2011 northern hemisphere influenza season World Health Organization WHO 14 June 2012 原始内容存档于28 October 2013 不属于1 7 为1 7系的祖型 Recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2011 2012 northern hemisphere influenza season World Health Organization WHO 14 June 2012 原始内容存档于9 October 2011 Recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2012 2013 northern hemisphere influenza season World Health Organization WHO 14 June 2012 原始内容存档于27 February 2012 Standardization of terminology of the pandemic A H1N1 2009 virus PDF World Health Organization WHO 14 June 2012 原始内容存档 PDF 于2022 03 08 Recommended composition of 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northern hemisphere influenza season World Health Organization WHO 16 March 2017 原始内容存档于7 March 2017 World Health Organization Recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2017 2018 northern hemisphere influenza season Weekly Epidemiological Record March 2017 92 11 117 28 PMID 28303704 hdl 10665 254758 WHO switches H1N1 in Southern Hemisphere flu vaccine University of Minnesota Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy CIDRAP 29 September 2016 12 September 2017 原始内容存档于2017 09 12 A Michigan 45 2015 replaces the longstanding A California 7 2009 and is recommended to improve protection against two subclades that have emerged over the past season Recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2018 2019 northern hemisphere influenza season World Health Organization WHO 22 February 2018 原始内容存档于26 February 2018 World Health Organization Recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2018 2019 northern hemisphere influenza season Weekly Epidemiological Record March 2018 93 12 133 41 PMID 29569429 hdl 10665 272270 Recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2019 2020 northern hemisphere influenza season World Health Organization WHO 22 March 2019 原始内容存档于29 March 2022 World Health Organization Recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2019 2020 northern hemisphere influenza season Weekly Epidemiological Record March 2019 94 12 141 50 hdl 10665 311441 World Health Organization Addendum to the Recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2019 2020 northern hemisphere influenza season Weekly Epidemiological Record March 2019 94 13 166 8 hdl 10665 311555 42 0 42 1 Recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2020 2021 northern hemisphere influenza season World Health Organization WHO 28 February 2020 原始内容存档于12 March 2020 43 0 43 1 Recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2021 2022 northern hemisphere influenza season World Health Organization WHO 26 February 2021 原始内容存档于26 February 2021 44 0 44 1 Recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2022 2023 northern hemisphere influenza season World Health Organization WHO 25 February 2022 29 March 2022 原始内容存档于29 March 2022 45 0 45 1 Recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2023 2024 northern hemisphere influenza season World Health Organization WHO 24 February 2023 17 March 2023 原始内容存档于8 March 2023 Compans Richard W Orenstein Walter A Vaccines for Pandemic Influenza Springer Science amp Business Media 2009 09 18 49 2016 03 12 ISBN 978 3 540 92165 3 原始内容存档于2022 10 24 英语 Nunnally Brian K Turula Vincent E Sitrin Robert D Vaccine Analysis Strategies Principles and Control Springer 2014 11 27 61 2016 03 12 ISBN 978 3 662 45024 6 原始内容存档于2022 10 24 英语 19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines April 2015 PDF WHO April 2015 2015 05 10 原始内容存档 PDF 于2015 05 13 Vaccine influenza International Drug Price Indicator Guide 2015 12 06 失效連結 Hamilton Richart Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab Coat Edition Jones amp Bartlett Learning 2015 314 ISBN 9781284057560 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 季節性流感疫苗 amp oldid 77773545, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，

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