拉丁語法律術語列表

拉丁語法律術語列表（英語：List of Latin legal terms）是在法律術語、及法律格言中所使用的相關拉丁語術語之列表，而本條項這些「拉丁語法律術語」只是部分列表；列表中的法律術語條項本身全部、或者實質上均源自於拉丁語。

普通法

術語或短語	英語翻譯	中文翻譯
a fortiori	"much more so"; from the stronger case; with stronger reason; with greater force	何況；更不用說；更加；更有理由^[註 1]
a posteriori	"from what comes after"; inductive reasoning	憑經驗的；推溯；歸納；由果溯因
a priori	"from what comes before"; deductive reasoning	先驗的；推理；演繹；由因及果
a quo	"from which"	來自；由此
ab initio	"from the beginning"	一開始；從一開始；由最初開始；自始
actus reus	"guilty act"	犯罪行為
ad hoc	"for this purpose"	特設；專責
ad idem	"of the same thing or result"; of the same mind; essentially the same	一致；同心；意見相同
ad infinitum	"without limit"	永遠；無限
ad litem	"for the suit"	為了訴訟的目的
ad valorem	"according to value"	從價
allocatur	"it is allowed"	訟費評定證明書
alter ego	"other self"	藉法人假借的身分
amicus curiae	"friend of the court"	法庭之友〔不屬訴訟一方而主動或應法庭邀請就案件提供意見或協助的人〕
animus possidendi	"intention to possess a thing"	管有意圖；擁有某物的意圖
animus testandi	"intention to make a testament or will"	訂立遺囑的意圖
bona vacantia	"goods that belong to no one"	無主財物
casus belli	"case belligerent"	宣戰原因；足以引起戰爭的挑釁；開戰理由
caveat emptor	"let the buyer beware"	買者自慎
certiorari	"to be apprised"	移審令；移審令狀；移審撤銷令
Cessante ratione legis cessat et ipsa lex.	When the reason of the law ceases, the law itself also ceases.	法律本身隨法理消失而告終
compos mentis	"master of one's mind"; full possession of mental powers	精神健全
consensus ad idem	"a meeting of minds"	意見一致；達成協議
contra proferentem	"the words of a contract are to be taken most strongly against the person who proposes it"; in full verba chartarum fortius accipiuntur contra proferentem	解釋合約條文時應以不利於條文提出者的解釋為準（的原則）
coram non judice	"not before a judge"; or before a judge not authorised to take cognizance	不在法官席前；在無審判權的法官席前
corpus delicti	"the body of a crime"	犯罪事實；犯罪遺體；罪體
corpus juris	"the body of law"; the law as the sum of laws	法令大全；法典
crimen falsi	"the crimes of falsifying"; dishonesty, fraud, corruption, perjury, forgery, etc; also falsi crimen	與偽造、欺詐、貪污、作偽證等有關的罪行
curia advisari vult; cur. adv. vult	"the court will advise"; the court will consider	容後判決
trespass de bonis asportatis	"trespass for carrying goods away"; trespass to goods	侵害動產行為；侵物行為
de bonis non administratis; d.b.n.	"(of) the goods not administered"	待管遺產；未作管理的遺產；未分配的遺產
de facto	"of fact"; in fact	事實；事實上；實際上
de jure	"of law"; according to law	法律；按照法律的；法律上
De minimis non curat lex.	The law does not take account of trifles.	法律不問瑣事
de minimis principle		「法律不問瑣事」的原則
de novo	"anew"	更始；重新
Deorum injuriae diis curae.	"The gods take care of injuries to the gods."	得罪神者，神將自罰之〔刑法上的褻瀆罪屬侵害公眾的罪行，而非侵害神明的罪行〕
dictum	"a saying"	法官的意見
doli incapax	"incapable of guilt"	無犯罪能力；無能力犯罪
donatio mortis causa	"gift in contemplation of death"; also gift mortis causa	臨終贈予；臨終贈與；臨終遺贈；預期死亡而作出的贈與
duces tecum	"bring with you"	着令攜帶文件出庭
ejusdem generis	"as of the same kind"	同類；同類原則
et sequentes; et seq.	"and those which follow"	以及下列各項；以及其後的；及以下的
vir et uxor	"husband and wife"	夫婦
ex aequo et bono	of equity and the good	公平善意原則
ex ante	"from before"; based on assumption and prediction	事前；預期
ex cathedra	"from the chair"; with authority	來自權威方面
ex delicto	"from a tort"; offence against the law; in tort	在侵權法上；由於侵權而引起的（訴訟）
ex facie	"from the face"; in view of what is apparent	形式上；從表面看
ex gratia	"out of grace"; as a favour; not by legal necessity	特惠
ex officio	"by virtue of one's office"	當然；依職權
ex parte	"from a party"; from or on behalf of only one side to a law suit	單方面
ex post	"from after"; based on knowledge and facts	具追溯力的；根據過去
ex post facto	"form what is done afterward"; after the fact	事後；事後的
ex proprio motu	"of his own motion"	出於自願的；自動作出的；主動作出
exempli gratia; e.g.	"for the sake of example"; as an example	例如
extant	"existing"	現存；維持
factum	"a fact"; a thing done	已發生的事；既成之事
felo de se	"felon of himself"; suicide	自殺
fiat	"let it be done"	指令；准照
fieri facias	"may you cause to be done"	財物扣押
writ of fieri facias		扣押債務人財產令狀；財物扣押令
forum non conveniens	"an inappropriate forum"	不便審理的法院；不便訴訟地
functus officio	"having performed his/her office"	職份已完；權責終結
gravamen of the offence		罪行重點
guardian ad litem		訴訟監護人；辯護監護人
writ of habeas corpus	"may you have the body"	人身保護令；人身保護令狀
hostis humani generis	"enemy of the human race"	人類公敵
in absentia	"being absent from"	缺席
in camera	"in a chamber"	以非公開形式；在法官私室（審議）；閉門
in curia	within or of the court; in open court	在法庭內
in esse	"in being"; in actual existence	確實存在的
in extenso	"in full"; at length; unabridged	全文；未經刪減；詳盡
in forma pauperis	"in the form of a poor person"; not liable for court costs	以貧窮者身分免付訟費
in futuro	"in the future"	將來的
in limine	"on the threshold"	最初；開始
in loco parentis	"in the place of a parent"	代替父母地位；身居父母地位
in pari delicto	"in equal fault"	同樣有錯；皆有過失
In pari delicto melior est conditio possidentis.	When both parties are equally at fault, the position of the possessor is the better.	在雙方皆有過失的情況下管有者佔優勢
In pari delicto potior est conditio defendentis.	In a case of equal or mutual fault the defending party is in the better position.	在雙方皆有過失的情況下被告人佔優勢
in pari materia	"upon an analogous matter or subject"	在類似情況下；關於同一事宜
in personam	"against a person"	對人
in propria persona	"in one's own person"	無律師代表；親自（出庭）
in re	"in the matter of"; regarding	有關……事宜；關於……事
in rem	"against a thing"	對物
in situ	"in place"; back in place	原址；在原處；就地
in terrorem	"in order to frighten"	威嚇性的；警告性的
in toto	"entirely; completely; wholly"	整個；全部；完全
indicia	"indications"	標誌；記號；證明；象徵
infra	"below"	以下；在下面的
injuria absque damno	"injury without damage"; also injuria sine damno	沒有造成損害的法律過失〔不產生賠償權〕
injuria sine damno	"injury without damage"	未造成損害的侵權行為
innuendo	"by nodding"; meaning; to wit; that is to say	影射；暗指；狀書的註解；譏諷；附註句
inter alia	"among other things"	其中包括；連同其他事宜
inter se	"between or among themselves"	相互之間
inter vivos	"between living persons"; from one living person to another	在世時；生者之間
gift inter vivos		生者之間的贈予
intra vires	"within the powers of"	在權限以內
ipse dixit	"he himself said it"; bare assertion	未經證實之言；武斷的話；親口所述的未經證實之言
ipsissima verba	"the selfsame words"	一如其言；確切原文
ipso facto	"by that very fact"; by its very nature; regardless of right or wrong	因此事實
entail ipso jure	"the law itself"	在法律上……導致

民法

術語或短語	英語直譯	定義及用法	中文翻譯
accessio	something added	在民法中，添附（英语：Accession (property law)）即以創造方式將屬於數所有人之物進行合併成一新形態財產的獲取方式，其以不丟失原財產身份的方式向新財產中添加勞動成果或其他商品的合併新物權之法律運作（參考 commixtio［混合］及specificatio［規範］）。	添附

教會法

術語或短語	英語直譯	定義及用法	中文翻譯
advocatus diaboli	Devil's advocate	在教會法中，對於封聖候選人的資格、即對宣福禮的認證及宣告，進行質疑的列聖審查官。	聖審查官（直譯為魔鬼的訟辯人）

備註

1. 在普通法中，“更有理由”的論據是“來自更強理由的論證”；意即，由於其中一個事實為真，也因此第二個（相關和包含在内的）事實也須為真。

參考文獻

• Gabriel Adeleye & Kofi Acquah-Dadzie. World Dictionary of Foreign Expressions: A Resource for Readers and Writers. Ed. by Thomas J. Sienkewicz & James T. McDonough, Jr. Wauconda, Ill.: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, 1999.
• Ruben E. Agpalo. Agpalo’s Legal Words and Phrases. Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store, 1997.
• Harold Rudolf Walraven Gokkel & Nicolaas van der Wal. Juridisch Latijn, 6th edn. Deventer: Kluwer, 2001.
• V.G. Hiemstra & H.L. Gonin. Trilingual Legal Dictionary, 3rd edn. Cape Town, South Africa: Juta, 2001.
• William Allen Jowitt. Jowitt’s Dictionary of English Law, 2nd edn. Revised by John Burke, Clifford Walsh, & Emlyn Williams. 2 vols. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1977.
• Cezar C. Peralejo & Pacifico A. Agabin. English-Filipino Legal Dictionary. Quezon City, Philippines: Sentro ng Wikang Filipino, University of the Philippines, 1995.
• Theo B. Rood. Glossarium: A Compilation of Latin Words and Phrases Generally Used in Law with English Translations. Bryanston, South Africa: Proctrust Publications, 2003.
• Jan Scholtemeijer & Paul Hasse. Legal Latin: A Basic Course. Pretoria, South Africa: J.L. van Schaik Publishers, 1993.
• Datinder Sodhi & R. S. Vasan, eds. Latin Words & Phrases for Lawyers. New York: Law and Business Publications, 1980.
• Russ VerSteeg. Essential Latin for Lawyers. Durham, North Carolina: Carolina Academic Press, 1990.

參見

• 布爾查德法律格言（法律格言；法律原理）
• 法律法語
• 拉丁文缩写列表
• 拉丁短語列表（英语：List of Latin phrases (full)）
• 謬誤列表

外部連結

• latin legal terms （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）