维基百科
俾路支解放军
俾路支解放军(乌尔都语:بلوچستان لبریشن آرمی,英語:Balochistan Liberation Army,簡寫BLA)是巴基斯坦與阿富汗一個俾路支人的武裝組織[11]。2004年起,俾路支解放军武力對抗巴基斯坦政府,聲稱旨在為長年受壓迫的俾路支人爭取平權與民族自決[12][13][14][15]。俾路支解放军大多在巴基斯坦的俾路支省活動,常對巴基斯坦武裝部隊發動攻擊[16]。
俾路支解放軍 | |
---|---|
بلوچستان لبریشن آرمی 參與俾路支斯坦衝突 | |
俾路支解放军的旗幟 | |
意識形態 | 俾路支民族主義 |
領導人 | |
組成 | 1964[6] |
總部 | 阿富汗坎達哈[2][7] |
活動地區 | 巴基斯坦俾路支省 阿富汗[8] 印度 |
成員人數 | 500-2,000 (2020)[9] |
盟友 | 俾路支解放阵线 俾路支共和軍 拉什卡-俾路支 俾路支聯合解放陣線 俾路支學生組織 |
對手 | 巴基斯坦[10][10] |
戰役、戰爭 | 俾路支斯坦衝突 |
被以下認定為恐怖組織 | 巴基斯坦 美國 英国 欧盟 中国 |
俾路支解放军被巴基斯坦、英國[17][18][19]、歐盟、美国和中国等国认定为恐怖組織[20][21][22][23]。印度未將其列為恐怖組織[24]。
外國支援
巴基斯坦指控俾路支解放军為印度所操控,且印度於阿富汗坎達哈與賈拉拉巴德等地的領事館為其提供軍事、經濟資助和武裝訓練,目的為造成巴基斯坦動盪[25][26]。有一些觀察家也認為印度暗中支持俾路支解放军[27],但俾路支解放军的領導人否認其組織與印度有任何關聯[28]。
一則維基解密洩漏的電報顯示巴基斯坦三軍情報局認為印度、阿拉伯聯合大公國與俄羅斯政府均暗中援助、支持俾路支解放军[29]。
攻擊
- 2013年真納故居襲擊
- 2017年瓜達爾工人槍擊案
- 2017年赫爾奈爆炸案
- 2018年中國駐喀拉蚩領事館襲擊案
- 2022年卡拉奇大学爆炸案
參考資料
- ^ Cyril Almeida. All Baloch shouldn't be tarred with same brush. Archives.dawn.com. 25 July 2010 [15 June 2013]. (原始内容于2 July 2013).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Baloch Separatist Leader Killed In Kandahar Attack: Reports. TOLOnews. [12 May 2019]. (原始内容于13 April 2019).
- ^ 'Mastermind' of Chinese consulate attack killed in Kandahar: BBC. Express Tribune. 26 December 2018 [8 February 2019]. (原始内容于27 December 2018).
- ^ Pakistan hails US decision to declare Balochistan liberation army as a global terrorist group. Gulf News. 3 July 2019 [3 July 2019]. (原始内容于3 July 2019).
- ^ Baloch separatist leader Harbiyar Marri among 13 booked for Chinese consulate attack. Dawn News. 24 November 2018 [28 November 2018]. (原始内容于28 November 2018).
Police officials suspected Harbiyar Marri, the exiled leader of the banned Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA), of being the mastermind of the deadly assault that left two policemen and as many civilians dead.
- ^ Bhattacherjee, Kallol. . The Hindu. 3 July 2019 [26 September 2021]. ISSN 0971-751X. (原始内容存档于2019-09-14) (英语).
- ^ Shah, Taimoor; Mashal, Mujib; ur-Rehman, Zia. Suicide Bombing Kills Pakistani Insurgent Wanted for Attack on Chinese. The New York Times. 27 December 2018 [12 May 2019]. (原始内容于28 December 2018).
- ^ . Violent Extremism Knowledge Base. Institute for the Study of Violent Groups. [2018-11-23]. (原始内容存档于2013-01-02).
- ^ University, © Stanford; Complaints, California 94305 Copyright. MMP: Balochistan Liberation Army. cisac.fsi.stanford.edu. [7 February 2021]. (原始内容于5 February 2021) (英语).
- ^ 10.0 10.1 Diplomat, Kiyya Baloch, The. Chinese Operations in Balochistan Again Targeted by Militants. [2018-11-23]. (原始内容于2018-11-19).
- ^ Raza, Irfan. BLA declared terrorist organisation, banned. Dawn. 2006-04-10 [2006-04-10]. (原始内容于2018-09-04).
- ^ Iaccino, Ludovica. Balochistan: Baloch leader calls citizens 'most oppressed in world', urges halt to aid to Pakistan. International Business Times UK. 2015-06-29 [2016-12-19]. (原始内容于2018-07-02).
- ^ Pakistan stands exposed. Even UN recorded its brutalities in Balochistan. dailyo.in. [2016-12-19]. (原始内容于2018-07-02).
- ^ Writer, Malik Siraj Akbar Contributing. The End of Pakistan's Baloch Insurgency?. The Huffington Post. 2014-11-03 [2016-12-19]. (原始内容于2017-10-12).
- ^ Cassman, Daniel. Balochistan Liberation Army | Mapping Militant Organizations. web.stanford.edu. [2016-12-19]. (原始内容于2018-03-19).
- ^ Butt, Qaiser. Heritage under attack: PkMAP says it views Ziarat Residency as a ‘symbol of slavery’ – The Express Tribune. Tribune.com.pk. 2013-06-17 [2013-06-17]. (原始内容于2020-11-11).
- ^ Office, Home. PROSCRIBED TERRORIST ORGANISATIONS (PDF). Home Office. 2016-07-15: 9 [2016-07-16]. (原始内容 (PDF)于2016-12-13).
- ^ List of banned organisations in Pakistan. Tribune.com.pk. [2014-10-14]. (原始内容于2012-10-26).
- ^ Terrorist Organization Profile - START - National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism. Start.umd.edu. [2013-06-17]. (原始内容于2012-06-23) (英语).
- ^ Ricks, Thomas E. Balochistan is seething, and that can't make China happy about investing. Foregin Policy. [2019-05-12]. (原始内容于2019-05-20).
- ^ Pakistan hails US decision to declare Balochistan Liberation Army as a global terrorist group. Gulf Times. 2019-07-03 [2019-07-03]. (原始内容于2019-07-03).
- ^ Terrorist Designations of Balochistan Liberation Army and Husain Ali Hazzima and Amendments to the Terrorist Designations of Jundallah. United States Department of State. 2019-07-02 [2021-08-20] (美国英语).
- ^ 巴基斯坦欢迎美国将“俾路支解放军”列为恐怖组织 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),新华网。
- ^ Balochistan United Army (BLA)C. trackingterrorism.org. [2016-12-19]. (原始内容于2016-12-20).
- ^ MPs told Russia, India and UAE involved in Baloch insurgency - The Express Tribune. 2010-12-03 [2018-11-23]. (原始内容于2014-12-22).
- ^ 'RAW Is Training 600 Balochis In Afghanistan'. outlookindia.com. [2018-11-23]. (原始内容于2018-09-13).
- ^ David Wright-Neville. Dictionary of Terrorism 1st. Polity. 2010-05-11: 48–49 [2012-06-03]. ISBN 978-0745643021. (原始内容于2019-09-13).
- ^ Marri, Hyrbyair. Will never seek help from India: Hyrbyair Marri. Dawn. 2015 [2016-07-16]. (原始内容于2016-10-23).
- ^ MPs told Russia, India and UAE involved in Baloch insurgency. The Express Tribune. 2010-12-03 [2014-12-23]. (原始内容于2014-12-22).