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维基百科

下丘脑腹内侧核

四月 15, 2024

下視丘腹內側核（ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus，縮寫VMN ，或ventromedial hypothalamus，縮寫VMH ）是下視丘的一個核團。 腹內側核與飢餓感、恐懼感、體溫調節和性向行為相關， [1]位於其中的飽食中樞促使人產生飽足感。

下視丘腹內側核
腹內側核位於圖中的「VM」處
基本信息
屬於下視丘
动脉腦底動脈（英语：Basilar artery）
标识字符
拉丁文nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami
MeSHD014697
NeuroNames（英语：NeuroNames）398
NeuroLex（英语：NeuroLex） IDbirnlex_1572
TA98A14.1.08.928
TA25729
FMAFMA:62332
《神经解剖学术语（英语：Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy）》
[在维基数据上编辑]

結構 编辑

腹內側核細分為下列四個部分：

  • 前腹側（VMHa）
  • 背內側（VMHdm）：影響雄性發聲和氣味標記行為。 [2] [3]
  • 腹外側（VMHvl）：包含許多不同功能的神經元群。 [4]該區域對女性的性興奮行為（脊柱前凸）產生影響。[5] [6] [7] [8]對雌激素介導的運動[9]和能量消耗與產熱也有影響。[10]
  • 中央（VMHc）

在解剖學、神經化學和行為科學領域有不同的細分方式。

功能 编辑

腹內側核與飽足感（英语：satiety）相關。早期研究指出腹內側核病變會導致實驗鼠暴食，也會導致肥胖症。然而Gold的研究顯示腹內側核受損並不會影響到攝食量，推翻了早期實驗的解釋。[11]然而，多項研究顯示突發性的暴食症及肥胖症是由腹內側核的病變或注射普鲁卡因所引發，並可由此看出腹內側核對飽足感的影響。[12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18]

在2006年對於這個議題的主要審查得出以下結論：在Gold的研究前後都有相關的解剖學研究，但是對於病變的研究結果與Gold的研究結果不盡相同，期間所有發布的論文中皆比較了腹內側核病變及視旁核（PVN）病變，並且表明腹內側核病變的實驗對象的進食量明顯較多，使得體重比原先增加了兩倍之多。[19]這也證實了腹內側核是下視丘的飽食中樞。

研究也發現腹內側核損傷會導致大鼠血漿中胰島素的含量增加。與一般大鼠相比，腹內側核病變的大鼠產生過多的循環飽腹感因子（瘦素），並無法對此作出反應，造成牠們進食過度。[20]

研究人員分別觀察了21隻肥胖程度不同的大鼠，包括「生長外觀」、「脂肪分佈」、「身體狀況」以及「肥胖程度」與下視丘病變之間的相關性。下視丘區域（尤其是腹內側區域）的病變會阻斷大量下視丘細胞群的下行神經纖維，從而導致大鼠肥胖。[21]

另一項研究發現下視丘腹內側內的大麻素受體mRNA濃度似乎高過下視丘內其他細胞的。大麻素的攝入與「獎勵機制」有關，也與大腦多巴胺的釋放有關。[22]

腹內側核對於哺乳動物的遊戲行為來說也很重要，腹內側核以及海馬體、杏仁核、小腦和下視丘外側（英语：Lateral hypothalamus）病變均與遊戲減少相關。[23]

研究指出，腹內側核雙側的果寡糖（FOS）表現與C57BL/6J小鼠氟乙基反覆誘發癲癇的嚴重程度變化有關。[24][25] 此外，腹內側核雙側的病變能夠阻止癲癇放電傳播進入腦幹癲癇系統。[26]

手術 编辑

在西德，至少有70名男性在1962年至1979年間接受了腹內側核手術。這些人當中多是因為有不正常的性行為（如：同性戀、性慾亢進、戀童癖等）而被強制接受手術。[27]

參考資料 编辑

  1. ^ Kurrasch DM, Cheung CC, Lee FY, Tran PV, Hata K, Ingraham HA. The neonatal ventromedial hypothalamus transcriptome reveals novel markers with spatially distinct patterning. The Journal of Neuroscience. December 2007, 27 (50): 13624–34. PMC 6673626  . PMID 18077674. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2858-07.2007  . 
  2. ^ Flanagan-Cato LM, Lee BJ, Calizo LH. Co-localization of midbrain projections, progestin receptors, and mating-induced fos in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus of the female rat. Hormones and Behavior. June 2006, 50 (1): 52–60. PMID 16546183. S2CID 36201218. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.01.012. 
  3. ^ Harding SM, McGinnis MY. Microlesions of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus: effects on sociosexual behaviors in male rats. Behavioral Neuroscience. October 2005, 119 (5): 1227–34. PMID 16300430. doi:10.1037/0735-7044.119.5.1227. 
  4. ^ Kammel LG, Correa SM. Selective sexual differentiation of neurone populations may contribute to sex-specific outputs of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. Journal of Neuroendocrinology. January 2020, 32 (1): e12801. PMC 6982598  . PMID 31605642. doi:10.1111/jne.12801. 
  5. ^ Kow LM, Pfaff DW. Mapping of neural and signal transduction pathways for lordosis in the search for estrogen actions on the central nervous system. Behavioural Brain Research. May 1998, 92 (2): 169–80. PMID 9638959. S2CID 28276218. doi:10.1016/S0166-4328(97)00189-7. 
  6. ^ Christensen LW, Nance DM, Gorski RA. Effects of hypothalamic and preoptic lesions on reproductive behavior in male rats. Brain Research Bulletin. 1977, 2 (2): 137–41. PMID 880486. S2CID 4700161. doi:10.1016/0361-9230(77)90010-7. 
  7. ^ Pfaff DW, Sakuma Y. Facilitation of the lordosis reflex of female rats from the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. The Journal of Physiology. March 1979, 288: 189–202. PMC 1281421  . PMID 469715. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1979.sp012690. 
  8. ^ Matsumoto T, Yamanouchi K. Acceleration of mounting behaviors in female rats by ibotenic acid lesions in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. Neuroscience Letters. September 2000, 291 (3): 143–6. PMID 10984627. S2CID 10334038. doi:10.1016/S0304-3940(00)01388-4. 
  9. ^ Correa SM, Newstrom DW, Warne JP, Flandin P, Cheung CC, Lin-Moore AT, Pierce AA, Xu AW, Rubenstein JL, Ingraham HA. An Estrogen-Responsive Module in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Selectively Drives Sex-Specific Activity in Females. Cell Reports. January 2015, 10 (1): 62–74. PMC 4324838  . PMID 25543145. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2014.12.011  . 
  10. ^ van Veen JE, Kammel LG, Bunda PC, Shum M, Reid MS, Massa MG, Arneson D, Park JW, Zhang Z, Joseph AM, Hrncir H, Liesa M, Arnold AP, Yang X, Correa SM. Hypothalamic estrogen receptor alpha establishes a sexually dimorphic regulatory node of energy expenditure. Nature Metabolism. April 2020, 2 (4): 351–63. PMC 7202561  . PMID 32377634. doi:10.1038/s42255-020-0189-6. 
  11. ^ Gold RM. Hypothalamic obesity: the myth of the ventromedial nucleus. Science. November 1973, 182 (4111): 488–90. Bibcode:1973Sci...182..488G. PMID 4795550. S2CID 3011420. doi:10.1126/science.182.4111.488. 
  12. ^ Balagura S, Devenport LD. Feeding patterns of normal and ventromedial hypothalamic lesioned male and female rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology. June 1970, 71 (3): 357–64. PMID 5480868. doi:10.1037/h0029118. 
  13. ^ Becker EE, Kissileff HR. Inhibitory controls of feeding by the ventromedial hypothalamus. The American Journal of Physiology. February 1974, 226 (2): 383–96. PMID 4811195. doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1974.226.2.383. 
  14. ^ Berthoud HR, Jeanrenaud B. Changes of insulinemia, glycemia and feeding behavior induced by VMH-procainization in the rat. Brain Research. September 1979, 174 (1): 184–7. PMID 487120. S2CID 39015121. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(79)90816-3. 
  15. ^ Brooks CM, Lockwood RA, Wiggins ML. A study of the effect of hypothalamic lesions on the eating habits of the albino rat. The American Journal of Physiology. December 1946, 147 (4): 735–41. PMID 20277066. doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1946.147.4.735. 
  16. ^ Epstein AN. Reciprocal changes in feeding behavior produced by intrahypothalamic chemical injections. The American Journal of Physiology. December 1960, 199 (6): 969–74. PMID 13697000. doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1960.199.6.969  . 
  17. ^ Larkin RP. Effect of ventromedial hypothalamic procaine injections on feeding, lever pressing, and other behavior in rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology. November 1975, 89 (9): 1100–8. PMID 1202103. doi:10.1037/h0077192. 
  18. ^ Maes H. Time course of feeding induced by pentobarbital-injections into the rat's VMH. Physiology & Behavior. June 1980, 24 (6): 1107–14. PMID 7413790. S2CID 43051882. doi:10.1016/0031-9384(80)90055-4. 
  19. ^ King BM. The rise, fall, and resurrection of the ventromedial hypothalamus in the regulation of feeding behavior and body weight. Physiology & Behavior. February 2006, 87 (2): 221–44. PMID 16412483. S2CID 40880350. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.10.007. 
  20. ^ Satoh N, Ogawa Y, Katsuura G, Tsuji T, Masuzaki H, Hiraoka J, Okazaki T, Tamaki M, Hayase M, Yoshimasa Y, Nishi S, Hosoda K, Nakao K. Pathophysiological significance of the obese gene product, leptin, in ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)-lesioned rats: evidence for loss of its satiety effect in VMH-lesioned rats. Endocrinology. March 1997, 138 (3): 947–54. PMID 9048594. doi:10.1210/endo.138.3.4989  . 
  21. ^ Hetherington AW, Ranson SW. The relation of various hypothalamic lesions to adiposity in the rat. (PDF). Journal of Comparative Neurology. June 1942, 76 (3): 475–99 [2023-02-03]. S2CID 85715802. doi:10.1002/cne.900760308. （原始内容 (PDF)于2014-06-06）. 
  22. ^ Jamshidi N, Taylor DA. Anandamide administration into the ventromedial hypothalamus stimulates appetite in rats. British Journal of Pharmacology. November 2001, 134 (6): 1151–4. PMC 1573067  . PMID 11704633. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704379. 
  23. ^ Panksepp J, Siviy S, Normansell L. The psychobiology of play: theoretical and methodological perspectives. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 1984, 8 (4): 465–92. PMID 6392950. S2CID 26810046. doi:10.1016/0149-7634(84)90005-8. 
  24. ^ Kadiyala SB, Papandrea D, Tuz K, Anderson TM, Jayakumar S, Herron BJ, Ferland RJ. Spatiotemporal differences in the c-fos pathway between C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice following flurothyl-induced seizures: A dissociation of hippocampal Fos from seizure activity. Epilepsy Research. January 2015, 109: 183–96. PMC 4272448  . PMID 25524858. doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.11.009. 
  25. ^ Kadiyala SB, Ferland RJ. Dissociation of spontaneous seizures and brainstem seizure thresholds in mice exposed to eight flurothyl-induced generalized seizures. Epilepsia Open. March 2017, 2 (1): 48–58. PMC 5560332  . PMID 28825051. doi:10.1002/epi4.12031. 
  26. ^ Ferland RJ, Applegate CD. The role of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in epileptogenesis. NeuroReport. November 1998, 9 (16): 3623–9. PMID 9858370. S2CID 29713035. doi:10.1097/00001756-199811160-00013. 
  27. ^ Rieber, Inge; Sigusch, Volkmar. Psychosurgery on sex offenders and sexual ?deviants? in West Germany. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 1979, 8 (6): 523–527. doi:10.1007/BF01541419. 

外部連結 编辑

  • Diagram of Ventromedial motor tract at lemoyne.edu （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  • New Scientist: Seat of female libido revealed （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (June 26, 2006)

四月 15, 2024
下丘脑腹内侧核, 此條目可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充, 2023年4月14日, 若您熟悉来源语言和主题, 请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目, 请勿直接提交机械翻译, 也不要翻译不可靠, 低品质内容, 依版权协议, 译文需在编辑摘要注明来源, 或于讨论页顶部标记, href, template, translated, page, html, title, template, translated, page, translated, page, 标签, 下視丘腹內側核, ventromedial, nucleus. 此條目可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充 2023年4月14日 若您熟悉来源语言和主题 请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目 请勿直接提交机械翻译 也不要翻译不可靠 低品质内容 依版权协议 译文需在编辑摘要注明来源 或于讨论页顶部标记 a href Template Translated page html title Template Translated page Translated page a 标签 下視丘腹內側核 ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus 縮寫VMN 或ventromedial hypothalamus 縮寫VMH 是下視丘的一個核團 腹內側核與飢餓感 恐懼感 體溫調節和性向行為相關 1 位於其中的飽食中樞促使人產生飽足感 下視丘腹內側核腹內側核位於圖中的 VM 處基本信息屬於下視丘动脉腦底動脈 英语 Basilar artery 标识字符拉丁文nucleus ventromedialis hypothalamiMeSHD014697NeuroNames 英语 NeuroNames 398NeuroLex 英语 NeuroLex IDbirnlex 1572TA98A14 1 08 928TA25729FMAFMA 62332 神经解剖学术语 英语 Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy 在维基数据上编辑 目录 1 結構 2 功能 3 手術 4 參考資料 5 外部連結結構 编辑腹內側核細分為下列四個部分 前腹側 VMHa 背內側 VMHdm 影響雄性發聲和氣味標記行為 2 3 腹外側 VMHvl 包含許多不同功能的神經元群 4 該區域對女性的性興奮行為 脊柱前凸 產生影響 5 6 7 8 對雌激素介導的運動 9 和能量消耗與產熱也有影響 10 中央 VMHc 在解剖學 神經化學和行為科學領域有不同的細分方式 功能 编辑腹內側核與飽足感 英语 satiety 相關 早期研究指出腹內側核病變會導致實驗鼠暴食 也會導致肥胖症 然而Gold的研究顯示腹內側核受損並不會影響到攝食量 推翻了早期實驗的解釋 11 然而 多項研究顯示突發性的暴食症及肥胖症是由腹內側核的病變或注射普鲁卡因所引發 並可由此看出腹內側核對飽足感的影響 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 在2006年對於這個議題的主要審查得出以下結論 在Gold的研究前後都有相關的解剖學研究 但是對於病變的研究結果與Gold的研究結果不盡相同 期間所有發布的論文中皆比較了腹內側核病變及視旁核 PVN 病變 並且表明腹內側核病變的實驗對象的進食量明顯較多 使得體重比原先增加了兩倍之多 19 這也證實了腹內側核是下視丘的飽食中樞 研究也發現腹內側核損傷會導致大鼠血漿中胰島素的含量增加 與一般大鼠相比 腹內側核病變的大鼠產生過多的循環飽腹感因子 瘦素 並無法對此作出反應 造成牠們進食過度 20 研究人員分別觀察了21隻肥胖程度不同的大鼠 包括 生長外觀 脂肪分佈 身體狀況 以及 肥胖程度 與下視丘病變之間的相關性 下視丘區域 尤其是腹內側區域 的病變會阻斷大量下視丘細胞群的下行神經纖維 從而導致大鼠肥胖 21 另一項研究發現下視丘腹內側內的大麻素受體mRNA濃度似乎高過下視丘內其他細胞的 大麻素的攝入與 獎勵機制 有關 也與大腦多巴胺的釋放有關 22 腹內側核對於哺乳動物的遊戲行為來說也很重要 腹內側核以及海馬體 杏仁核 小腦和下視丘外側 英语 Lateral hypothalamus 病變均與遊戲減少相關 23 研究指出 腹內側核雙側的果寡糖 FOS 表現與C57BL 6J小鼠氟乙基反覆誘發癲癇的嚴重程度變化有關 24 25 此外 腹內側核雙側的病變能夠阻止癲癇放電傳播進入腦幹癲癇系統 26 手術 编辑在西德 至少有70名男性在1962年至1979年間接受了腹內側核手術 這些人當中多是因為有不正常的性行為 如 同性戀 性慾亢進 戀童癖等 而被強制接受手術 27 參考資料 编辑 Kurrasch DM Cheung CC Lee FY Tran PV Hata K Ingraham HA The neonatal ventromedial hypothalamus transcriptome reveals novel markers with spatially distinct patterning The Journal of Neuroscience December 2007 27 50 13624 34 PMC 6673626 nbsp PMID 18077674 doi 10 1523 JNEUROSCI 2858 07 2007 nbsp Flanagan Cato LM Lee BJ Calizo LH Co localization of midbrain projections progestin receptors and mating induced fos in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus of the female rat Hormones and Behavior June 2006 50 1 52 60 PMID 16546183 S2CID 36201218 doi 10 1016 j yhbeh 2006 01 012 Harding SM McGinnis MY Microlesions of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus effects on sociosexual behaviors in male rats Behavioral Neuroscience October 2005 119 5 1227 34 PMID 16300430 doi 10 1037 0735 7044 119 5 1227 Kammel LG Correa SM Selective sexual differentiation of neurone populations may contribute to sex specific outputs of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus Journal of Neuroendocrinology January 2020 32 1 e12801 PMC 6982598 nbsp PMID 31605642 doi 10 1111 jne 12801 Kow LM Pfaff DW Mapping of neural and signal transduction pathways for lordosis in the search for estrogen actions on the central nervous system Behavioural Brain Research May 1998 92 2 169 80 PMID 9638959 S2CID 28276218 doi 10 1016 S0166 4328 97 00189 7 Christensen LW Nance DM Gorski RA Effects of hypothalamic and preoptic lesions on reproductive behavior in male rats Brain Research Bulletin 1977 2 2 137 41 PMID 880486 S2CID 4700161 doi 10 1016 0361 9230 77 90010 7 Pfaff DW Sakuma Y Facilitation of the lordosis reflex of female rats from the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus The Journal of Physiology March 1979 288 189 202 PMC 1281421 nbsp PMID 469715 doi 10 1113 jphysiol 1979 sp012690 Matsumoto T Yamanouchi K Acceleration of mounting behaviors in female rats by ibotenic acid lesions in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus Neuroscience Letters September 2000 291 3 143 6 PMID 10984627 S2CID 10334038 doi 10 1016 S0304 3940 00 01388 4 Correa SM Newstrom DW Warne JP Flandin P Cheung CC Lin Moore AT Pierce AA Xu AW Rubenstein JL Ingraham HA An Estrogen Responsive Module in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Selectively Drives Sex Specific Activity in Females Cell Reports January 2015 10 1 62 74 PMC 4324838 nbsp PMID 25543145 doi 10 1016 j celrep 2014 12 011 nbsp van Veen JE Kammel LG Bunda PC Shum M Reid MS Massa MG Arneson D Park JW Zhang Z Joseph AM Hrncir H Liesa M Arnold AP Yang X Correa SM Hypothalamic estrogen receptor alpha establishes a sexually dimorphic regulatory node of energy expenditure Nature Metabolism April 2020 2 4 351 63 PMC 7202561 nbsp PMID 32377634 doi 10 1038 s42255 020 0189 6 Gold RM Hypothalamic obesity the myth of the ventromedial nucleus Science November 1973 182 4111 488 90 Bibcode 1973Sci 182 488G PMID 4795550 S2CID 3011420 doi 10 1126 science 182 4111 488 Balagura S Devenport LD Feeding patterns of normal and ventromedial hypothalamic lesioned male and female rats Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology June 1970 71 3 357 64 PMID 5480868 doi 10 1037 h0029118 Becker EE Kissileff HR Inhibitory controls of feeding by the ventromedial hypothalamus The American Journal of Physiology February 1974 226 2 383 96 PMID 4811195 doi 10 1152 ajplegacy 1974 226 2 383 Berthoud HR Jeanrenaud B Changes of insulinemia glycemia and feeding behavior induced by VMH procainization in the rat Brain Research September 1979 174 1 184 7 PMID 487120 S2CID 39015121 doi 10 1016 0006 8993 79 90816 3 Brooks CM Lockwood RA Wiggins ML A study of the effect of hypothalamic lesions on the eating habits of the albino rat The American Journal of Physiology December 1946 147 4 735 41 PMID 20277066 doi 10 1152 ajplegacy 1946 147 4 735 Epstein AN Reciprocal changes in feeding behavior produced by intrahypothalamic chemical injections The American Journal of Physiology December 1960 199 6 969 74 PMID 13697000 doi 10 1152 ajplegacy 1960 199 6 969 nbsp Larkin RP Effect of ventromedial hypothalamic procaine injections on feeding lever pressing and other behavior in rats Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology November 1975 89 9 1100 8 PMID 1202103 doi 10 1037 h0077192 Maes H Time course of feeding induced by pentobarbital injections into the rat s VMH Physiology amp Behavior June 1980 24 6 1107 14 PMID 7413790 S2CID 43051882 doi 10 1016 0031 9384 80 90055 4 King BM The rise fall and resurrection of the ventromedial hypothalamus in the regulation of feeding behavior and body weight Physiology amp Behavior February 2006 87 2 221 44 PMID 16412483 S2CID 40880350 doi 10 1016 j physbeh 2005 10 007 Satoh N Ogawa Y Katsuura G Tsuji T Masuzaki H Hiraoka J Okazaki T Tamaki M Hayase M Yoshimasa Y Nishi S Hosoda K Nakao K Pathophysiological significance of the obese gene product leptin in ventromedial hypothalamus VMH lesioned rats evidence for loss of its satiety effect in VMH lesioned rats Endocrinology March 1997 138 3 947 54 PMID 9048594 doi 10 1210 endo 138 3 4989 nbsp 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