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James while John had had had had had had had had had had had a better effect on the teacher

十一月 04, 2023

“James while John had had had had had had had had had had had a better effect on the teacher”這個英文句子是用來說明用词歧義和标点符号的重要性；[1]標點符號的作用就是代替口語中的語調、[2]重音和停頓。[3]在探討人類如何處理資訊的研究中，常用這句話来說明讀者會借助標點符號來理解句子的意思，尤其在掃讀多行文字時更是如此。[4]

句子的背景和意思 编辑

故事起自有兩個學生，James（詹姆斯）和John（約翰）。他們曾經需要在一個英語考試上描述一個曾經着涼的人。約翰寫的句子是“The man had a cold”，這句在文法上不正確；而詹姆斯寫的句子在文法上正確：“The man had had a cold”。老師於是註記「由於詹姆斯的答案是正確的，所以它對於老師有一個較好的效果。」

如果加了標點符號，這句句子會比較清楚：

James, while John had had "had", had had "had had"; "had had" had had a better effect on the teacher.[5]

（翻译：詹姆斯在当约翰用“had”时用了“had had”，老师认为“had had”的效果更好。）

如果重排句子，意思會更清楚：

James had had "had had", while John had had "had"; "had had" had had a better effect on the teacher.

（翻译：詹姆斯用了“had had”，而约翰用了“had”，老师认为“had had”的效果更好。）

應用 编辑

這句子可以作為一個文法遊戲[6][7][8]或一條考試題目，[1][2]考生需要赋予合适的標點符號來明晰句子意思。汉斯·赖申巴赫（Hans Reichenbach）在1947年出版的《符号逻辑要素》一书中用了一个类似的句子（“John where Jack...”），給讀者作為練習，以说明语言的不同层次，例如目標語言及元語言，其用意是让读者为句子添加所需的标点符号，使之具有语法意义。[9]

在說明人們如何理解環境中不同信息的意義是，这个句子被用来证明看似随意的决定能极大地改变其意义。类似于句子中标点符号的变化如何使老師時而喜欢詹姆斯的作品，時而喜歡约翰的作品。例子：「James, while John had had "had," had...」與「James, while John had had "had had,"...」。[10]

这句话也是为了显示「had」（完了）的语义模糊性，也是为了说明用字和提字的区别[11]。也有人以它为例，说明语言的复杂性、语言的解释及其对人的认知的影响[12]。

为了让读者清楚地了解句法结构，这个句子至少要求两个短语之间用分号、句号、横线分开。不过，贾斯珀·福尔德的小说《失落的情节之井》还是采用了这一短语的变体，以说明即使是标点良好的写作也可能产生混乱[13]：

""Okay," said the Bellman, whose head was in danger of falling apart like a chocolate orange, "let me get this straight: David Copperfield, unlike Pilgrim’s Progress, which had had 'had', had had 'had had'. Had 'had had' had TGC’s approval?""

參見 编辑

參考資料 编辑

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Magonet, Jonathan. A rabbi reads the Bible 2nd. SCM-Canterbury Press. 2004: 19 [2009-04-30]. ISBN 9780334029526. You may remember an old classroom test in English language. What punctuation marks do you have to add to this sentence so as to make sense of it? 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Dundes, Alan; Carl R. Pagter. When you're up to your ass in alligators: more urban folklore from the paperwork empire Illustrated. Wayne State University Press. 1987: 135 [2009-04-30]. ISBN 0814318673. The object of this and similar tests is to make sense of a series of words by figuring out the correct intonation pattern. 
  3. ^ Hudson, Grover. Essential introductory linguistics. Wiley-Blackwell. 1999: 372 [2009-04-30]. ISBN 0631203044. Writing is secondary to speech, in history and in the fact that speech and not writing is fundamental to the human species. 
  4. ^ van de Velde, Roger G. Text and thinking: on some roles of thinking in text interpretation Illustrated. Walter de Gruyter. 1992: 43 [2009-04-30]. ISBN 3110132508. （原始内容于2020-05-06）. In scanning across lines, readers also make use of the information parts carried along with the punctuatuion markes: a period, a dash, a colon, a semicolon or a comma may signal different degrees of integration/separation between the groupings. 
  5. ^ "Problem C: Operator Jumble" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. 31st ACM International Collegiate Programming Conference, 2006–2007.
  6. ^ Amon, Mike. GADFLY. Financial Times. 2004-01-28 [2009-04-30]. （原始内容存档于2012-07-22）. HAD up to here? So were readers of last week's column, invited to punctuate "Smith where Jones had had had had had had had had had had had the examiners approval." 
  7. ^ Jackson, Howard. Grammar and Vocabulary: A Resource Book for Students. Routledge. 2002: 123 [2009-04-30]. ISBN 0415231701. Finally, verbal humour is often an ingredient of puzzles. As part of an advertising campaign for its educational website , the Guardian (for 3 january 2001) included the following familiar grammatical puzzle. 
  8. ^ . [2012-01-07]. （原始内容存档于2008-10-13）. 
  9. ^ Reichenbach, Hans (1947) Elements of symbolic logic. London: Collier-MacMillan. Exercise 3-4, p.405; solution p.417.
  10. ^ Weick, Karl E. Making Sense of the Organization 8th. Wiley-Blackwell. 2005: 186–187 [2009-04-30]. ISBN 0631223193. （原始内容于2020-10-31）. Once a person has generated/bracketed part of the stream, then the activities of punctuation and connection (parsing) can occur in an effort to transform the raw data into information. 
  11. ^ Lecercle, Jean-Jacques. The violence of language Illustrated. Routledge. 1990: 86 [2009-04-30]. ISBN 0415034310. （原始内容于2020-05-07）. Suppose I decide that I wish to make up a sentence containing eleven occurrences of the word 'had' in a row ... 
  12. ^ Hollin, Clive R. Contemporary Psychology: An Introduction Illustrated. Routledge. 1995: 34 [2009-04-30]. ISBN 0748401911. Do readers make use of the ways in which sentences are structured? 
  13. ^ Fforde, Jasper. The Well of Lost Plots. Hodder & Stoughton. 2003 [2012-04-30]. （原始内容于2020-11-04）. 

十一月 04, 2023
james, while, john, better, effect, teacher, 這個英文句子是用來說明用词歧義和标点符号的重要性, 標點符號的作用就是代替口語中的語調, 重音和停頓, 在探討人類如何處理資訊的研究中, 常用這句話来說明讀者會借助標點符號來理解句子的意思, 尤其在掃讀多行文字時更是如此, 目录, 句子的背景和意思, 應用, 參見, 參考資料句子的背景和意思, 编辑故事起自有兩個學生, james, 詹姆斯, 和john, 約翰, 他們曾經需要在一個英語考試上描述一個曾經着涼的人, 約翰寫的句. James while John had had had had had had had had had had had a better effect on the teacher 這個英文句子是用來說明用词歧義和标点符号的重要性 1 標點符號的作用就是代替口語中的語調 2 重音和停頓 3 在探討人類如何處理資訊的研究中 常用這句話来說明讀者會借助標點符號來理解句子的意思 尤其在掃讀多行文字時更是如此 4 目录 1 句子的背景和意思 2 應用 3 參見 4 參考資料句子的背景和意思 编辑故事起自有兩個學生 James 詹姆斯 和John 約翰 他們曾經需要在一個英語考試上描述一個曾經着涼的人 約翰寫的句子是 The man had a cold 這句在文法上不正確 而詹姆斯寫的句子在文法上正確 The man had had a cold 老師於是註記 由於詹姆斯的答案是正確的 所以它對於老師有一個較好的效果 如果加了標點符號 這句句子會比較清楚 James while John had had had had had had had had had had had a better effect on the teacher 5 翻译 詹姆斯在当约翰用 had 时用了 had had 老师认为 had had 的效果更好 如果重排句子 意思會更清楚 James had had had had while John had had had had had had had a better effect on the teacher 翻译 詹姆斯用了 had had 而约翰用了 had 老师认为 had had 的效果更好 應用 编辑這句子可以作為一個文法遊戲 6 7 8 或一條考試題目 1 2 考生需要赋予合适的標點符號來明晰句子意思 汉斯 赖申巴赫 Hans Reichenbach 在1947年出版的 符号逻辑要素 一书中用了一个类似的句子 John where Jack 給讀者作為練習 以说明语言的不同层次 例如目標語言及元語言 其用意是让读者为句子添加所需的标点符号 使之具有语法意义 9 在說明人們如何理解環境中不同信息的意義是 这个句子被用来证明看似随意的决定能极大地改变其意义 类似于句子中标点符号的变化如何使老師時而喜欢詹姆斯的作品 時而喜歡约翰的作品 例子 James while John had had had had 與 James while John had had had had 10 这句话也是为了显示 had 完了 的语义模糊性 也是为了说明用字和提字的区别 11 也有人以它为例 说明语言的复杂性 语言的解释及其对人的认知的影响 12 为了让读者清楚地了解句法结构 这个句子至少要求两个短语之间用分号 句号 横线分开 不过 贾斯珀 福尔德的小说 失落的情节之井 还是采用了这一短语的变体 以说明即使是标点良好的写作也可能产生混乱 13 Okay said the Bellman whose head was in danger of falling apart like a chocolate orange let me get this straight David Copperfield unlike Pilgrim s Progress which had had had had had had had Had had had had TGC s approval 參見 编辑Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo That that is is that that is not is not is that it it is 子子子子子子子子子子子子 语言例句列表參考資料 编辑 1 0 1 1 Magonet Jonathan A rabbi reads the Bible 2nd SCM Canterbury Press 2004 19 2009 04 30 ISBN 9780334029526 You may remember an old classroom test in English language What punctuation marks do you have to add to this sentence so as to make sense of it 2 0 2 1 Dundes Alan Carl R Pagter When you re up to your ass in alligators more urban folklore from the paperwork empire Illustrated Wayne State University Press 1987 135 2009 04 30 ISBN 0814318673 The object of this and similar tests is to make sense of a series of words by figuring out the correct intonation pattern 引文使用过时参数coauthors 帮助 Hudson Grover Essential introductory linguistics Wiley Blackwell 1999 372 2009 04 30 ISBN 0631203044 Writing is secondary to speech in history and in the fact that speech and not writing is fundamental to the human species van de Velde Roger G Text and thinking on some roles of thinking in text interpretation Illustrated Walter de Gruyter 1992 43 2009 04 30 ISBN 3110132508 原始内容存档于2020 05 06 In scanning across lines readers also make use of the information parts carried along with the punctuatuion markes a period a dash a colon a semicolon or a comma may signal different degrees of integration separation between the groupings Problem C Operator Jumble 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 31st ACM International Collegiate Programming Conference 2006 2007 Amon Mike GADFLY Financial Times 2004 01 28 2009 04 30 原始内容存档于2012 07 22 HAD up to here So were readers of last week s column invited to punctuate Smith where Jones had had had had had had had had had had had the examiners approval Jackson Howard Grammar and Vocabulary A Resource Book for Students Routledge 2002 123 2009 04 30 ISBN 0415231701 Finally verbal humour is often an ingredient of puzzles As part of an advertising campaign for its educational website the Guardian for 3 january 2001 included the following familiar grammatical puzzle 3802 Operator Jumble 2012 01 07 原始内容存档于2008 10 13 Reichenbach Hans 1947 Elements of symbolic logic London Collier MacMillan Exercise 3 4 p 405 solution p 417 Weick Karl E Making Sense of the Organization 8th Wiley Blackwell 2005 186 187 2009 04 30 ISBN 0631223193 原始内容存档于2020 10 31 Once a person has generated bracketed part of the stream then the activities of punctuation and connection parsing can occur in an effort to transform the raw data into information Lecercle Jean Jacques The violence of language Illustrated Routledge 1990 86 2009 04 30 ISBN 0415034310 原始内容存档于2020 05 07 Suppose I decide that I wish to make up a sentence containing eleven occurrences of the word had in a row Hollin Clive R Contemporary Psychology An Introduction Illustrated Routledge 1995 34 2009 04 30 ISBN 0748401911 Do readers make use of the ways in which sentences are structured Fforde Jasper The Well of Lost Plots Hodder amp Stoughton 2003 2012 04 30 原始内容存档于2020 11 04 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title James while John had had had had had had had had had had had a better effect on the teacher amp oldid 78512406, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，

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