^. oxforddictionaries.com. [2018-01-30]. (原始内容存档于2018-01-30). Early 20th century. From ion + -ium. With the semantic motivation, compare quot. 1907.
^Sciences, John P. Rafferty Associate Editor, Earth. Geochronology, Dating, and Precambrian Time: The Beginning of the World as We Know it. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. 2010-08-15: 150 [2022-08-09]. ISBN 978-1-61530-125-6. (原始内容于2022-08-09) (英语).
^Vértes, Attila; Nagy, Sándor; Klencsár, Zoltán; Lovas, Rezso György; Rösch, Frank. Handbook of Nuclear Chemistry: Vol. 1: Basics of Nuclear Science; Vol. 2: Elements and Isotopes: Formation, Transformation, Distribution; Vol. 3: Chemical Applications of Nuclear Reactions and Radiation; Vol. 4: Radiochemistry and Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry in Life Sciences; Vol. 5: Instrumentation, Separation Techniques, Environmental Issues; Vol. 6: Nuclear Energy Production and Safety Issues.. Springer Science & Business Media. 2010-12-10: 800 [2022-08-09]. ISBN 978-1-4419-0719-6. (原始内容于2022-08-09) (英语).
^Rayner-Canham, Marelene F.; Rayner-Canham, Geoffrey W. Stefanie Horovitz, Ellen Gleditsch, Ada Hitchins, and the discovery of isotopes (PDF). Bulletin for the History of Chemistry. 2000, 25 (2): 103–108 [2014-04-09]. (原始内容 (PDF)于2018-05-09).
^Soddy, Frederick; Hitchins, Ada F.R. XVII. The relation between uranium and radium .—Part VI. The life-period of ionium. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 1915-08, 30 (176). ISSN 1941-5982. doi:10.1080/14786440808635387(英语).
^Lind, S. C.; Whittemore, C. F. THE RADIUM: URANIUM RATIO IN CARNOTITES.. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1914-10, 36 (10) [2022-08-09]. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja02187a010. (原始内容于2022-08-09) (英语).