^邵明園/首都師範大學,"藏語組繫動詞 red 的語法化"[1],Language & Linguistics(語言暨語言學),Sage,2016.
參考文獻编辑
H. A. Jäschke. Tibetan–English Dictionary reprint. LONDON: Taylor and Francis. 1881: 671 [2011-06-30]. （原始内容于2019-05-20）.(Original from Oxford University)
Heinrich August Jäschke（英语：Heinrich August Jäschke）. A Tibetan–English dictionary, with special reference to the prevailing dialects: To which is added an English-Tibetan vocabulary. LONDON: Printed by Unger Brothers (T. Grimm). 1881: 671 [2011-06-30]. （原始内容于2019-05-20）.(Original from Harvard University)
Heinrich August Jäschke. Heinrich Wenzel , 编. Tibetan grammar. Volume 7 of Trübner's collection of simplified grammars 2. LONDON: Trübner & co. 1883: 104 [2011-06-30]. （原始内容于2019-05-20）.(Original from Harvard University)
Graham Sandberg. Hand-book of colloquial Tibetan: A practical guide to the language of Central Tibet .... Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and co. 1894: 372 [2011-06-30]. （原始内容于2019-05-19）.(Original from Harvard University)
Heinrich August Jäschke. Romanized Tibetan and English dictionary. 1866: 158 [2011-06-30]. （原始内容于2019-05-19）.(Original from Oxford University)
Heinrich August Jäschke（英语：Heinrich August Jäschke）, A short practical grammar of the Tibetan language, with special reference to the spoken dialects, London: Hardinge Simpole, 1865, 2004 [Compendium ed.], ISBN 1-84382-077-3请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助). " ... contains a facsimile of the original publication in manuscript, the first printed version of 1883, and the later Addenda published with the Third Edition."—P. [4] of cover./ First edition published in Kye-Lang in Brit. Lahoul by the author, in manuscript, in 1865.
Naga, Sangye Tandar. (2010). "Some Reflections on the Mysterious Nature of Tibetan Language" In: The Tibet Journal, Special issue. Autumn 2009 vol XXXIV n. 3-Summer 2010 vol XXXV n. 2. "The Earth Ox Papers", edited by Roberto Vitali, pp. 561–566.
Nicolas Tournadre and Sangda Dorje, Manual of Standard Tibetan, New York: Snow Lion Publications（英语：Snow Lion Publications）, 2003, ISBN 1-55939-189-8.
Sarat Chandra Das, Tibetan–English Dictionary (With Sanskrit Synonyms), Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass（英语：Motilal Banarsidass）, 2000, ISBN 81-208-1713-3. (Reprint of the Calcutta : Bengal Secretariat Book Depot, 1902 edition.)
Hodge, Stephen, An Introduction to Classical Tibetan, Orchid Press, 2003, ISBN 974-524-039-7.
Bernard, Theos C., A Simplified Grammar of the Literary Tibetan Language, Santa Barbara, California: Tibetan Text Society, 1946
延伸閱讀编辑
* Bernard, Theos C., A Simplified Grammar of the Literary Tibetan Language, Santa Barbara, California: Tibetan Text Society, 1946.
Das, Sarat Chandra, Tibetan–English Dictionary (with Sanskrit Synonyms), Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Book Depot, 1902.. Reprinted by Motilal Banarsidass, Dehli, ISBN81-208-1713-3.
Hodge, Stephen, An Introduction to Classical Tibetan, Orchid Press, 2003, ISBN 974-524-039-7.
Jäschke, Heinrich August, A short practical grammar of the Tibetan language, with special reference to the spoken dialects, London: Hardinge Simpole, 1865, 2004 [Compendium ed.], ISBN 1-84382-077-3.请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助) " ... contains a facsimile of the original publication in manuscript, the first printed version of 1883, and the later Addenda published with the Third Edition."—P. [4] of cover./ First edition published in Kye-Lang in Brit. Lahoul by the author, in manuscript, in 1865.
——. Romanized Tibetan and English dictionary. 1866 [2011-06-30]. （原始内容于2019-05-19）.(Original from Oxford University)
——. A Tibetan–English dictionary, with special reference to the prevailing dialects: To which is added an English-Tibetan vocabulary. London: Unger Brothers (T. Grimm). 1881.
——. Heinrich Wenzel , 编. Tibetan grammar. Trübner's collection of simplified grammars 7 2nd. London: Trübner & co. 1883.
Kopp, Teresa Kunkel. 1998. Verbalizers in Lhasa Tibetan. PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Arlington.
Naga, Sangye Tandar. (2010). "Some Reflections on the Mysterious Nature of Tibetan Language" In: The Tibet Journal, Special issue. Autumn 2009 vol XXXIV n. 3-Summer 2010 vol XXXV n. 2. "The Earth Ox Papers", edited by Roberto Vitali, pp. 561–566.
Sandberg, Graham. Hand-book of colloquial Tibetan: A practical guide to the language of Central Tibet. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and co. 1894.(Original from Harvard University)
Tournadre, Nicolas; Dorje, Sangda, Manual of Standard Tibetan, New York: Snow Lion Publications, 2003, ISBN 1-55939-189-8.
維基教科書中的相關電子教程：Research on Tibetan Languages: A Bibliography
九月 06, 2023
藏語語法, tibetan, grammar, 藏語, 描述標準藏語之詞法, 句法, 及汉藏语系的其他语法特徵, 標準藏語是屬於作通格語言的語言類型, 名詞一般都是沒有顯示其語法數量, 不過都顯示出格位, 形容詞從來沒有標示出且跟隨在名詞之後, 指示代詞也跟隨在名詞之後, 但被標示出語法數量來, 動詞在藏語法形態而言可能最複雜的部分, 所描述的話語只有是指西藏中部, 尤其是拉薩市及周邊地區的口語, 但使用的拼寫法反映出古典藏文, 而不是口語發音, 目录, 名詞及格, 通格, 離格, 代詞, 人稱代詞, 動詞曲折, . 藏語語法 Tibetan grammar 藏語 བ ད ས ད 描述標準藏語之詞法 句法 及汉藏语系的其他语法特徵 標準藏語是屬於作通格語言的語言類型 名詞一般都是沒有顯示其語法數量 不過都顯示出格位 形容詞從來沒有標示出且跟隨在名詞之後 指示代詞也跟隨在名詞之後 但被標示出語法數量來 動詞在藏語法形態而言可能最複雜的部分 藏語語法所描述的話語只有是指西藏中部 尤其是拉薩市及周邊地區的口語 但使用的拼寫法反映出古典藏文 而不是口語發音 目录 1 名詞及格 1 1 通格 1 2 離格 2 代詞 2 1 人稱代詞 2 2 動詞曲折 3 係詞 3 1 必要的係詞 4 註釋 5 參考文獻 6 延伸閱讀 7 參閲 8 外部連接名詞及格 编辑名詞通常沒有標記語法性別或數量 自然性別可以通過詞彙之別來表示 比如 གཡག lt gyag gt 犛牛 雄 འབ lt bri gt 犛牛 雌 人類或動物名詞的性別 可以經由後綴來區別 通格 编辑 通格指名詞的未標記形式 可以用作不及物動詞的主詞 及物動詞的受詞 或則一種情緒上經歷的表達 離格 编辑 离格總是會加上 ནས lt NAS gt 後綴 它標誌著遠離名詞的方向 就如同作格一樣 離格還可以運用作格的功能標誌動作的主事者 代詞 编辑人稱代詞 编辑 代詞有三個人稱 第二及第三人稱各有三種語義表達方式 且三個人稱格各有 單數 雙數及多數的表達方式 單數 雙數 多數第一人稱 ང lt nga gt ང གཉ ས lt nga gnyis gt ང ཚ lt nga tsho gt 第二人稱 一般表示 རང lt rang gt རང གཉ ས lt rang gnyis gt རང ཚ lt rang tsho gt 尊稱表示 ཁ ད རང lt khyed rang gt ཁ ད རང གཉ ས lt khyed rang gnyis gt ཁ ད རང ཚ lt khyed rang tsho gt 貶義表示 ཁ ད lt khyod gt ཁ ད གཉ ས lt khyod gnyis gt ཁ ད ཚ lt khyod tsho gt 第三人稱 一般表示 ཁ ང lt khong gt ཁ ང གཉ ས lt khong gnyis gt ཁ ང ཚ lt khong tsho gt 熟捻 男性 ཁ རང lt kho rang gt ཁ རང གཉ ས lt kho rang gnyis gt ཁ རང ཚ lt kho rang tsho gt 熟捻 女性 མ རང lt mo rang gt མ རང གཉ ས lt mo rang gnyis gt མ རང ཚ lt mo rang tsho gt 動詞曲折 编辑 在現代口語藏語動詞裡有一到三個語幹 是為現在 將來時詞幹 過去時詞幹與祈使詞幹 然而 許多動詞只在書寫系統中存在詞幹的區別 口語中則只有一個詞幹 並且主要由助動詞幫助區別語法意義 與名詞和代詞類似 動詞的變位也是在詞幹的基礎上附著詞綴 係詞 编辑必要的係詞 编辑 有三種基本係詞 斷定性 ར ད lt red gt 1 啟示性 ར ད བཞག lt red bzhag gt 以及向自我性 ཡ ན lt yin gt 註釋 编辑 邵明園 首都師範大學 藏語組繫動詞 red 的語法化 1 Language amp Linguistics 語言暨語言學 Sage 2016 參考文獻 编辑H A Jaschke Tibetan English Dictionary reprint LONDON Taylor and Francis 1881 671 2011 06 30 原始内容存档于2019 05 20 Original from Oxford University Heinrich August Jaschke 英语 Heinrich August Jaschke A Tibetan English dictionary with special reference to the prevailing dialects To which is added an English Tibetan vocabulary LONDON Printed by Unger Brothers T Grimm 1881 671 2011 06 30 原始内容存档于2019 05 20 Original from Harvard University Heinrich August Jaschke Heinrich Wenzel 编 Tibetan grammar Volume 7 of Trubner s collection of simplified grammars 2 LONDON Trubner amp co 1883 104 2011 06 30 原始内容存档于2019 05 20 Original from Harvard University Graham Sandberg Hand book of colloquial Tibetan A practical guide to the language of Central Tibet Calcutta Thacker Spink and co 1894 372 2011 06 30 原始内容存档于2019 05 19 Original from Harvard University Heinrich August Jaschke Romanized Tibetan and English dictionary 1866 158 2011 06 30 原始内容存档于2019 05 19 Original from Oxford University Heinrich August Jaschke 英语 Heinrich August Jaschke A short practical grammar of the Tibetan language with special reference to the spoken dialects London Hardinge Simpole 1865 2004 Compendium ed ISBN 1 84382 077 3 请检查 date 中的日期值 帮助 contains a facsimile of the original publication in manuscript the first printed version of 1883 and the later Addenda published with the Third Edition P 4 of cover First edition published in Kye Lang in Brit Lahoul by the author in manuscript in 1865 Naga Sangye Tandar 2010 Some Reflections on the Mysterious Nature of Tibetan Language In The Tibet Journal Special issue Autumn 2009 vol XXXIV n 3 Summer 2010 vol XXXV n 2 The Earth Ox Papers edited by Roberto Vitali pp 561 566 Nicolas Tournadre and Sangda Dorje Manual of Standard Tibetan New York Snow Lion Publications 英语 Snow Lion Publications 2003 ISBN 1 55939 189 8 Sarat Chandra Das Tibetan English Dictionary With Sanskrit Synonyms Delhi Motilal Banarsidass 英语 Motilal Banarsidass 2000 ISBN 81 208 1713 3 Reprint of the Calcutta Bengal Secretariat Book Depot 1902 edition Hodge Stephen An Introduction to Classical Tibetan Orchid Press 2003 ISBN 974 524 039 7 Bernard Theos C A Simplified Grammar of the Literary Tibetan Language Santa Barbara California Tibetan Text Society 1946 延伸閱讀 编辑 Bernard Theos C A Simplified Grammar of the Literary Tibetan Language Santa Barbara California Tibetan Text Society 1946 Das Sarat Chandra Tibetan English Dictionary with Sanskrit Synonyms Calcutta Bengal Secretariat Book Depot 1902 Reprinted by Motilal Banarsidass Dehli ISBN 81 208 1713 3 Hodge Stephen An Introduction to Classical Tibetan Orchid Press 2003 ISBN 974 524 039 7 Jaschke Heinrich August A short practical grammar of the Tibetan language with special reference to the spoken dialects London Hardinge Simpole 1865 2004 Compendium ed ISBN 1 84382 077 3 请检查 date 中的日期值 帮助 contains a facsimile of the original publication in manuscript the first printed version of 1883 and the later Addenda published with the Third Edition P 4 of cover First edition published in Kye Lang in Brit Lahoul by the author in manuscript in 1865 Romanized Tibetan and English dictionary 1866 2011 06 30 原始内容存档于2019 05 19 Original from Oxford University A Tibetan English dictionary with special reference to the prevailing dialects To which is added an English Tibetan vocabulary London Unger Brothers T Grimm 1881 Heinrich Wenzel 编 Tibetan grammar Trubner s collection of simplified grammars 7 2nd London Trubner amp co 1883 Kopp Teresa Kunkel 1998 Verbalizers in Lhasa Tibetan PhD dissertation University of Texas at Arlington Naga Sangye Tandar 2010 Some Reflections on the Mysterious Nature of Tibetan Language In The Tibet Journal Special issue Autumn 2009 vol XXXIV n 3 Summer 2010 vol XXXV n 2 The Earth Ox Papers edited by Roberto Vitali pp 561 566 Sandberg Graham Hand book of colloquial Tibetan A practical guide to the language of Central Tibet Calcutta Thacker Spink and co 1894 Original from Harvard University Tournadre Nicolas Dorje Sangda Manual of Standard Tibetan New York Snow Lion Publications 2003 ISBN 1 55939 189 8 參閲 编辑藏語音系外部連接 编辑維基教科書中的相關電子教程 Research on Tibetan Languages A BibliographyOnline Keyboard for Tibetan 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 藏語語法 amp oldid 72707760, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，
