Boar, R. R., D. M. Harper and C. S. Adams. 1999. Biomass Allocation in Cyperus papyrus in a Tropical Wetland, Lake Naivasha, Kenya. 1999. Biotropica 3: 411.
Chapman, L.J., C.A. Chapman, R. Ogutu-Ohwayo, M. Chandler, L. Kaufman and A.E. Keiter. 1996. Refugia for endangered fishes from an introduced predator in Lake Nabugabo, Uganda. Conservation Biology 10: 554-561.
Chapman, L.J., C.A. Chapman, P.J. Schofield, J.P. Olowo, L. Kaufman, O. Seehausen and R. Ogutu-Ohwayo. 2003. Fish faunal resurgence in Lake Nabugabo, East Africa. Conservation Biology 17: 500-511.
Gaudet, John. 1975. Mineral concentrations in papyrus in various African swamps. Journal of Ecology 63: 483-491.
Gaudet, John. 1976. Nutrient relationships in the detritus of a tropical swamp.Archiv für Hydrobiologie 78: 213-239.
Gaudet, John. 1977. Natural drawdown on Lake Naivasha, Kenya and the formation of papyrus swamps. Aquatic Botany 3: 1-47.
Gaudet, John. 1977. Uptake and loss of mineral nutrients by papyrus in tropical swamps. Ecology 58: 415-422.
Gaudet, John. 1978. Effect of a tropical swamp on water quality. Verh. Internat. Ver. Limnol. 20: 2202-2206.
Gaudet, John. 1978. Seasonal changes in nutrients in a tropical swamp. Journal of Ecology 67: 953-981.
Gaudet, John. 1980. Papyrus and the ecology of Lake Naivasha. National Geographic Society Research Reports. 12: 267-272.
Gaudet, J. and J. Melack. 1981. Major ion chemistry in a tropical African lake basin. Freshwater Biology 11: 309-333.
Gaudet, J. and C. Howard-Williams. 1985. “The structure and functioning of African swamps.” In (ed. Denny) The Ecology and Management of African Wetland Vegetation. Dr.w.Junk, Pub., Dordrecht (pp. 154–175).
Gaudet, John. 1991. Structure and function of African floodplains. Journal of the East African Natural Historical Society. 82(199): 1-32.
Harper, D.M., K.M. Mavuti and S. M. Muchiri. 1990: Ecology and management of Lake Naivasha, Kenya, in relation to climatic change, alien species introductions and agricultural development. Environmental Conservation 17: 328–336.
Harper, D. 1992. The ecological relationships of aquatic plants at Lake Naivasha, Kenya. Hydrobiologia. 232: 65-71.
Howard-Williams, C. and K. Thompson. 1985. The conservation and management of African wetlands. In (ed. Denny) The Ecology and Management of African Wetland Vegetation. Dr.w.Junk, Pub., Dordrecht (pp. 203–230).
Jones, M.B. and T. R. Milburn. 1978. Photosynthesis in Papyrus (Cyperus papyrus L.), Photosynthetica. 12: 197 - 199.
Jones, M. B. and F. M. Muthuri. 1997. Standing biomass and carbon distribution in a papyrus (Cyperus Papyrus L) swamp on Lake Naivasha, Kenya. Journal of Tropical Ecology. 13: 347–356.
Jones M.B. and S. W. Humphries. 2002. Impacts of the C4 sedge Cyperus papyrus L. on carbon and water fluxes in an African wetland. Hydrobiologia, Volume 488, pp. 107–113.
Maclean, I.M.D. 2004. An ecological and socio-economic analysis of biodiversity conservation in East African wetlands. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of East Anglia, Norwich.
Maclean, I.M.D., M. Hassall, M. R. Boar and I. Lake. 2006. Effects of disturbance and habitat loss on papyrus-dwelling passerines. Biological Conservation., 131: 349-358.
Maclean, I.M.D., M. Hassall, R. Boar, R. and O. Nasirwa. 2003a. Effects of habitat degradation on avian guilds in East African papyrus Cyperus papyrus L. swamps. Bird Conservation International, 13: 283-297.
Maclean, I.M.D., R. Tinch, M. Hassall and R.R. Boar, R.R. 2003b. Social and economic use of wetland resources: a case study from Lake Bunyonyi, Uganda. Environmental Change and Management Working Paper No. 2003-09, Centre for Social and Economic Research into the Global Environment, University of East Anglia, Norwich.
Maclean, I.M.D., R. Tinch, M. Hassall and R.R. Boar. 2003c. Towards optimal use of tropical wetlands: an economic evaluation of goods derived from papyrus swamps in southwest Uganda. Environmental Change and Management Working Paper No. 2003-10, Centre for Social and Economic Research into the Global Environment, University of East Anglia, Norwich.
Messenger Dally. 1908 How papyrus defeated South Sydney and assisted in making Eastern Suburbs great
Muthuri, F. M., M. B. Jones, and S.K. Imbamba. 1989. Primary productivity of papyrus (Cyperus papyrus) in a tropical swamp - Lake Naivasha, Kenya, Biomass, 18: 1 - 14.
Muthuri, F. M. and M. B. Jones. 1997. Nutrient distribution in a papyrus swamp: Lake Naivasha, Kenya. Aquatic Botany, 56: 35–50.
Owino, A. O. and P. G. Ryan. 2006. Habitat associations of papyrus specialist birds at three papyrus swamps in western Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 44: 438-443.
Thompson, K. 1976. Swamp development in the head waters of the White Nile. In (ed.J. Rzoska) ‘‘The Nile. Biology of an Ancient River.’’Monographiae Biologicae, 29. Dr.W. Junk b.v., The Hague.
Thompson, K., P.R. Shewry & H.W. Woolhouse. 1979. Papyrus swamp development in the Upemba Basin, Zaire: Studies of population structure in Cyperus papyrus stands. Botanical Journal of the Linn. Soc. 78: 299-316.
Dressler, S.; Schmidt, M. & Zizka, G. Cyperus papyrus . African plants – a Photo Guide. Frankfurt/Main: Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg. 2014.
一月 30, 2023
紙莎草, 学名, cyperus, papyrus, 英文名, papyrus, papyrus, sedge, 又稱紙草, 英語, paper, reed, 埃及莎草, 埃及紙草, 蒲草, bulrush, 埃及蒲草, 印度叢草, indian, matting, plant, 屬於莎草科莎草屬, 是北非洲原產的一種多年生草本植物, 科学分类界, 植物界, plantae演化支, 维管植物, tracheophyta演化支, 被子植物, angiosperms演化支, 单子叶植物, monocots演化支, 鸭跖. 紙莎草 註 1 学名 Cyperus papyrus 英文名 papyrus papyrus sedge 又稱紙草 英語 Paper reed 埃及莎草 埃及紙草 蒲草 Bulrush 埃及蒲草 印度叢草 Indian matting plant 屬於莎草科莎草屬 是北非洲原產的一種多年生草本植物 紙莎草紙莎草科学分类界 植物界 Plantae演化支 维管植物 Tracheophyta演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms演化支 单子叶植物 Monocots演化支 鸭跖草类植物 Commelinids目 禾本目 Poales科 莎草科 Cyperaceae属 莎草属 Cyperus种 紙莎草 C papyrus二名法Cyperus papyrusLinn 目录 1 生長型態 2 用途 3 註釋 4 延伸閲讀 5 參見 6 外部連結生長型態 编辑紙莎草是一種高而堅韌的挺水植物 約可長到4至5公尺高 它綠色 長稈狀的莖橫切面為三角形 從粗厚的地下莖中長出 每一條莖的頂端都會長出一簇濃密的 放射狀 像煙火一般 的葉 葉子細長 通常呈亮綠色 長度約10至30公分 當植物還年幼的時候 這簇葉子的生長型態就像雞毛撢一樣 花是綠褐色 生長在葉簇的末端 果實呈褐色 地下莖在剛長出時會被一層紅褐色的紙質層覆蓋 這層三角形的鱗狀層也覆蓋了莖的基部 紙莎草生長在熱帶至亞熱帶的環境中 不論是潮濕的森林或乾燥的沙漠 只要全年均溫在20到30 且土壤pH值在6 0 8 5就可以生長 紙莎草的花在暮夏盛開 並且傾向於在全日照到半陰涼的環境開花 像許多典型的熱帶植物一樣 紙莎草對霜很敏感 紙莎草的分布遍及在沼澤 淺水湖和溪畔等非洲的潮濕部分 但在尼羅河三角洲已逐漸變得稀少 在較深的水中 紙莎草是構成植被的主要植物 被稱為sudd 現今它的野生分布存在於剛果 馬達加斯加島 烏干達 衣索匹亞和西西里島 紙莎草羽毛狀的花是許多社會性鳥類築巢的地點 像許多莎草科植物一樣 它是風媒花 且果實由流水帶走 今天 紙莎草被培育 改良為裝飾性的植物 其中C nanus 矮紙莎草 C profiler兩個品種只會長到約1公尺高 用途 编辑参见 莎草纸 古埃及人使用紙莎草的用途有很多 其中 最有名的應該是莎草纸的製作 在希臘文和英文中 莎草紙 這個字的語源被許多人認為是來自於古埃及语 但這是谬传 紙莎草現在被廣泛的運用於製作裝飾品 例如莎草紙畫 在古代 紙莎草在尼羅河三角洲有著相當廣泛的分布 然而现在它在尼羅河三角洲的原生種群却瀕臨絕滅 在泰奧弗拉斯托斯的 植物史 Historia Plantarum 卷十 一書中寫到紙莎草在敘利亞也有分布 而根據老普林尼的 博物志 一書 紙莎草是尼羅河及幼發拉底河流域的原生植物 此外 古埃及人利用多種莎草科的植物的花來製作敬神的花圈 而嫩枝則被當作食物 它多纖維的地下莖則用來製作碗等多種器具 有時也當作燃料 而莖則用來編製葦舟 在埃及第四王朝的浮雕中 描繪了壯年男子採集莎草製作葦舟的情形 類似的船在蘇丹也能發現 註釋 编辑 莎 拼音 suō 注音 ㄙㄨㄛ 音同 梭 延伸閲讀 编辑Boar R R D M Harper and C S Adams 1999 Biomass Allocation in Cyperus papyrus in a Tropical Wetland Lake Naivasha Kenya 1999 Biotropica 3 411 Chapman L J C A Chapman R Ogutu Ohwayo M Chandler L Kaufman and A E Keiter 1996 Refugia for endangered fishes from an introduced predator in Lake Nabugabo Uganda Conservation Biology 10 554 561 Chapman L J C A Chapman P J Schofield J P Olowo L Kaufman O Seehausen and R Ogutu Ohwayo 2003 Fish faunal resurgence in Lake Nabugabo East Africa Conservation Biology 17 500 511 Gaudet John 1975 Mineral concentrations in papyrus in various African swamps Journal of Ecology 63 483 491 Gaudet John 1976 Nutrient relationships in the detritus of a tropical swamp Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 78 213 239 Gaudet John 1977 Natural drawdown on Lake Naivasha Kenya and the formation of papyrus swamps Aquatic Botany 3 1 47 Gaudet John 1977 Uptake and loss of mineral nutrients by papyrus in tropical swamps Ecology 58 415 422 Gaudet John 1978 Effect of a tropical swamp on water quality Verh Internat Ver Limnol 20 2202 2206 Gaudet John 1978 Seasonal changes in nutrients in a tropical swamp Journal of Ecology 67 953 981 Gaudet John 1980 Papyrus and the ecology of Lake Naivasha National Geographic Society Research Reports 12 267 272 Gaudet J and J Melack 1981 Major ion chemistry in a tropical African lake basin Freshwater Biology 11 309 333 Gaudet J and C Howard Williams 1985 The structure and functioning of African swamps In ed Denny The Ecology and Management of African Wetland Vegetation Dr w Junk Pub Dordrecht pp 154 175 Gaudet John 1991 Structure and function of African floodplains Journal of the East African Natural Historical Society 82 199 1 32 Harper D M K M Mavuti and S M Muchiri 1990 Ecology and management of Lake Naivasha Kenya in relation to climatic change alien species introductions and agricultural development Environmental Conservation 17 328 336 Harper D 1992 The ecological relationships of aquatic plants at Lake Naivasha Kenya Hydrobiologia 232 65 71 Howard Williams C and K Thompson 1985 The conservation and management of African wetlands In ed Denny The Ecology and Management of African Wetland Vegetation Dr w Junk Pub Dordrecht pp 203 230 Jones M B and T R Milburn 1978 Photosynthesis in Papyrus Cyperus papyrus L Photosynthetica 12 197 199 Jones M B and F M Muthuri 1997 Standing biomass and carbon distribution in a papyrus Cyperus Papyrus L swamp on Lake Naivasha Kenya Journal of Tropical Ecology 13 347 356 Jones M B and S W Humphries 2002 Impacts of the C4 sedge Cyperus papyrus L on carbon and water fluxes in an African wetland Hydrobiologia Volume 488 pp 107 113 Maclean I M D 2004 An ecological and socio economic analysis of biodiversity conservation in East African wetlands Unpublished PhD thesis University of East Anglia Norwich Maclean I M D M Hassall M R Boar and I Lake 2006 Effects of disturbance and habitat loss on papyrus dwelling passerines Biological Conservation 131 349 358 Maclean I M D M Hassall R Boar R and O Nasirwa 2003a Effects of habitat degradation on avian guilds in East African papyrus Cyperus papyrus L swamps Bird Conservation International 13 283 297 Maclean I M D R Tinch M Hassall and R R Boar R R 2003b Social and economic use of wetland resources a case study from Lake Bunyonyi Uganda Environmental Change and Management Working Paper No 2003 09 Centre for Social and Economic Research into the Global Environment University of East Anglia Norwich Maclean I M D R Tinch M Hassall and R R Boar 2003c Towards optimal use of tropical wetlands an economic evaluation of goods derived from papyrus swamps in southwest Uganda Environmental Change and Management Working Paper No 2003 10 Centre for Social and Economic Research into the Global Environment University of East Anglia Norwich Messenger Dally 1908 How papyrus defeated South Sydney and assisted in making Eastern Suburbs great Muthuri F M M B Jones and S K Imbamba 1989 Primary productivity of papyrus Cyperus papyrus in a tropical swamp Lake Naivasha Kenya Biomass 18 1 14 Muthuri F M and M B Jones 1997 Nutrient distribution in a papyrus swamp Lake Naivasha Kenya Aquatic Botany 56 35 50 Owino A O and P G Ryan 2006 Habitat associations of papyrus specialist birds at three papyrus swamps in western Kenya African Journal of Ecology 44 438 443 Thompson K 1976 Swamp development in the head waters of the White Nile In ed J Rzoska The Nile Biology of an Ancient River Monographiae Biologicae 29 Dr W Junk b v The Hague Thompson K P R Shewry amp H W Woolhouse 1979 Papyrus swamp development in the Upemba Basin Zaire Studies of population structure in Cyperus papyrus stands Botanical Journal of the Linn Soc 78 299 316 參見 编辑蒲草 蒲 又名大甲藺 水生植物 水生生物外部連結 编辑维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源 紙莎草Purdue University Cyperus papyrus factsheet 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Floridata 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 University of Connecticut Ecology amp Evolutionary Biology Conservatory Dressler S Schmidt M amp Zizka G Cyperus papyrus African plants a Photo Guide Frankfurt Main Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 2014 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 紙莎草 amp oldid 73262875, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，
