^Clark, Mary M. 1993. "Representation of downstep in Dschang Bamileke". The Phonology of Tone: The Representation of Tonal Register, ed. by Harry van der Hulst and Keith Snider. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter. Pp. 29-73
^Wentum, Comfort. 1997. A Lexical Tonology of Ga. Legon: University of Ghana, M. Phil thesis.
^Clements, G. N. and Kevin C. Ford. 1979. "Kikuyu tone shift and its synchronic consequences." Linguistic Inquiry 10: 179-210.
^Kropp-Dakubu, Mary E. 1986. "Downglide, floating tones and non-WH questions in Ga and Dangme." The Phonological Representation of Suprasegmentais, ed. by Koen Bogers, Harry van der Hulst, and Maarten Mous. Dordrecht: Foris Publications. Pp. 153-173.
^Zimmerman, 1. 1858. A grammatical sketch and vocabulary of the Akra- or Galanguage with an appendix on the Adanme dialect. Stuttgart, 2 vols. Republished with an Introduction by 1. Berry, Gregg International, 1972.
^Okunor, Vincent. 1969. Tone in the Ga verb. Legon: Institute of African Studies. Paster, Mary. 2000. "Issues in the tonology of Ga." Columbus: Ohio State University, Undergraduate thesis.
^Trutenau, H.M.J. 1972. "A sketch of tone rules required for a generative transformational grammar of Ga (a terraced level tone language)." Linguistics 79: 83-96.
十月 19, 2023
浮动声调, 此條目翻譯品質不佳, 2022年5月14日, 翻譯者可能不熟悉中文或原文語言, 也可能使用了機器翻譯, 請協助翻譯本條目或重新編寫, 并注意避免翻译腔的问题, 明顯拙劣的翻譯請改掛, href, template, html, class, redirect, title, template, href, wikipedia, html, class, redirect, title, wikipedia, 提交刪除, 是語素, 中的元素, 不包含辅音和元音, 仅包含音调, 它無法单独发音, 但会影响相. 此條目翻譯品質不佳 2022年5月14日 翻譯者可能不熟悉中文或原文語言 也可能使用了機器翻譯 請協助翻譯本條目或重新編寫 并注意避免翻译腔的问题 明顯拙劣的翻譯請改掛 a href Template D html class mw redirect title Template D d a a href Wikipedia CSD html G13 class mw redirect title Wikipedia CSD G13 a 提交刪除 浮动声调是語素 1 中的元素 不包含辅音和元音 仅包含音调 它無法单独发音 但会影响相邻语素的音调 2 3 例如在班巴拉语中 有两个音调 高音和低音 4 在这种语言中 定冠词为一低浮动声调 floating low tone 定冠词与一个孤立的名词连用时 这个低浮动声调与前面的元音相连 将高音变为降调 falling tone ba 泛指所有的河 ba 則是指某條特定的河 当低浮动声调出现在两个高音之间时 它会将以下音调降低 ba tɛ 它不是一条河 ba tɛ 或 ba ꜜ tɛ 它不是这 那 条河与词缀之类的音段语素相关联的浮动声调同样常见 5 例如 在尼日利亚的埃多德語 英语 Edoid languages 6 中 主要的否定语素与现在时语素只通过声调区分 现在时语素 a 本身为高音 而过去时的否定语素 a 将该语素之前的音节上变为高音 oh a nga 他在攀爬 oh a nga 他没有在攀爬历史上 浮动声调源自語音同化 7 或輔音弱化 8 到仅保留其音调的语素 9 参考文献 编辑 Clark Mary M 1993 Representation of downstep in Dschang Bamileke The Phonology of Tone The Representation of Tonal Register ed by Harry van der Hulst and Keith Snider Berlin New York Mouton de Gruyter Pp 29 73 Mary Paster UC Berkeley FLOATING TONES IN GA http elanguage net journals index php sal article view 1366 925 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Wentum Comfort 1997 A Lexical Tonology of Ga Legon University of Ghana M Phil thesis Clements G N and Kevin C Ford 1979 Kikuyu tone shift and its synchronic consequences Linguistic Inquiry 10 179 210 Kropp Dakubu Mary E 1986 Downglide floating tones and non WH questions in Ga and Dangme The Phonological Representation of Suprasegmentais ed by Koen Bogers Harry van der Hulst and Maarten Mous Dordrecht Foris Publications Pp 153 173 Zimmerman 1 1858 A grammatical sketch and vocabulary of the Akra or Galanguage with an appendix on the Adanme dialect Stuttgart 2 vols Republished with an Introduction by 1 Berry Gregg International 1972 Goldsmith John 1976 Autosegmental Phonology Cambridge MIT PhD dissertation Distributed by IULe Okunor Vincent 1969 Tone in the Ga verb Legon Institute of African Studies Paster Mary 2000 Issues in the tonology of Ga Columbus Ohio State University Undergraduate thesis Trutenau H M J 1972 A sketch of tone rules required for a generative transformational grammar of Ga a terraced level tone language Linguistics 79 83 96 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 浮动声调 amp oldid 72537237, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，
