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维基百科

尼古丁依賴

十月 19, 2023

尼古丁依赖[1]（煙癮）是一种慢性、复发性疾病。患有此類疾病的患者會非常渴望服用尼古丁，並對尼古丁有害健康的問題視而不見[2]。尼古丁是一种拟交感神经兴奋剂[3]，能附着在大脑中的尼古丁乙酰胆碱受体上[4]。由于长期使用尼古丁，大脑犒赏系统内的神经可塑性发生变化，因而產生尼古丁依赖[1][5][6]世界上大约有9.76亿烟民[7]。随着时间的推移，尼古丁依赖的嚴重程度会随着一个人持續服用尼古丁而日益加深[8]。

尼古丁依赖是一个嚴峻的公共卫生问题，因为煙草中含有大量尼古丁，而煙民數量龐大。截至2021年，世界上大约有9.76亿烟民。此外焦虑症患者也越來越依賴尼古丁。[9]因此尼古丁依赖是造成人類死亡的主要原因之一[10]。

参考文献 编辑

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 D'Souza MS, Markou A. Neuronal mechanisms underlying development of nicotine dependence: implications for novel smoking-cessation treatments. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2011, 6 (1): 4–16. PMC 3188825  . PMID 22003417. D'Souza MS, Markou A (2011). "Neuronal mechanisms underlying development of nicotine dependence: implications for novel smoking-cessation treatments". Addict Sci Clin Pract. 6 (1): 4–16. PMC 3188825. PMID 22003417.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  2. ^ Falcone, Mary; Lee, Bridgin; Lerman, Caryn; Blendy, Julie A. Translational Research on Nicotine Dependence. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences 28. 2015: 121–150. ISBN 978-3-319-33911-5. ISSN 1866-3370. PMC 3579204  . PMID 26873019. doi:10.1007/7854_2015_5005. 
  3. ^ Richard Beebe; Jeff Myers. Professional Paramedic, Volume I: Foundations of Paramedic Care. Cengage Learning. 19 July 2012: 640– [2021-04-16]. ISBN 978-1-133-71465-1. （原始内容于2020-05-18）. 
  4. ^ Bullen, Christopher. Electronic Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation. Current Cardiology Reports. 2014, 16 (11): 538 [2021-04-16]. ISSN 1523-3782. PMID 25303892. doi:10.1007/s11886-014-0538-8. （原始内容于2021-05-16）. 
  5. ^ Saccone, NL; Culverhouse, RC; Schwantes-An, TH; Cannon, DS; Chen, X; Cichon, S; Giegling, I; Han, S; Han, Y. Multiple independent loci at chromosome 15q25.1 affect smoking quantity: a meta-analysis and comparison with lung cancer and COPD.. PLOS Genetics. 5 August 2010, 6 (8): e1001053. PMC 2916847  . PMID 20700436. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1001053.   
  6. ^ Fiore, MC; Jaen, CR; Baker, TB; et al. (PDF). Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Public Health Service. 2008 [2016-09-02]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-27）. 
  7. ^ Ng, M; Freeman, MK; Fleming, TD; Robinson, M; Dwyer-Lindgren, L; Thomson, B; Wollum, A; Sanman, E; Wulf, S. Smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption in 187 countries, 1980-2012.. JAMA. 8 January 2014, 311 (2): 183–92. PMID 24399557. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.284692.  无效|subscription=free (帮助)
  8. ^ U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of smoking: Nicotine addiction: A report of the Surgeon General (PDF). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Health Promotion and Education, Office on Smoking and Health. DHHS Publication No. (CDC) 88-8406. 1988 [2021-04-16]. （原始内容 (PDF)于2019-08-02）. 
  9. ^ Moylan, Steven; Jacka, Felice N; Pasco, Julie A; Berk, Michael. Cigarette smoking, nicotine dependence and anxiety disorders: a systematic review of population-based, epidemiological studies. BMC Medicine. 2012, 10 (1): 123. ISSN 1741-7015. PMC 3523047  . PMID 23083451. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-10-123. 
  10. ^ Rachid, Fady. Neurostimulation techniques in the treatment of nicotine dependence: A review. The American Journal on Addictions. 2016, 25 (6): 436–451. ISSN 1055-0496. PMID 27442267. doi:10.1111/ajad.12405. 

十月 19, 2023
尼古丁依賴, 尼古丁依赖, 煙癮, 是一种慢性, 复发性疾病, 患有此類疾病的患者會非常渴望服用尼古丁, 並對尼古丁有害健康的問題視而不見, 尼古丁是一种拟交感神经兴奋剂, 能附着在大脑中的尼古丁乙酰胆碱受体上, 由于长期使用尼古丁, 大脑犒赏系统内的神经可塑性发生变化, 因而產生尼古丁依赖, 世界上大约有9, 76亿烟民, 随着时间的推移, 尼古丁依赖的嚴重程度会随着一个人持續服用尼古丁而日益加深, 尼古丁依赖是一个嚴峻的公共卫生问题, 因为煙草中含有大量尼古丁, 而煙民數量龐大, 截至2021年, 世界上大约有. 尼古丁依赖 1 煙癮 是一种慢性 复发性疾病 患有此類疾病的患者會非常渴望服用尼古丁 並對尼古丁有害健康的問題視而不見 2 尼古丁是一种拟交感神经兴奋剂 3 能附着在大脑中的尼古丁乙酰胆碱受体上 4 由于长期使用尼古丁 大脑犒赏系统内的神经可塑性发生变化 因而產生尼古丁依赖 1 5 6 世界上大约有9 76亿烟民 7 随着时间的推移 尼古丁依赖的嚴重程度会随着一个人持續服用尼古丁而日益加深 8 尼古丁依赖是一个嚴峻的公共卫生问题 因为煙草中含有大量尼古丁 而煙民數量龐大 截至2021年 世界上大约有9 76亿烟民 此外焦虑症患者也越來越依賴尼古丁 9 因此尼古丁依赖是造成人類死亡的主要原因之一 10 参考文献 编辑 1 0 1 1 D Souza MS Markou A Neuronal mechanisms underlying development of nicotine dependence implications for novel smoking cessation treatments Addict Sci Clin Pract 2011 6 1 4 16 PMC 3188825 nbsp PMID 22003417 D Souza MS Markou A 2011 Neuronal mechanisms underlying development of nicotine dependence implications for novel smoking cessation treatments Addict Sci Clin Pract 6 1 4 16 PMC 3188825 PMID 22003417 CS1 maint uses authors parameter link Falcone Mary Lee Bridgin Lerman Caryn Blendy Julie A Translational Research on Nicotine Dependence Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences 28 2015 121 150 ISBN 978 3 319 33911 5 ISSN 1866 3370 PMC 3579204 nbsp PMID 26873019 doi 10 1007 7854 2015 5005 Richard Beebe Jeff Myers Professional Paramedic Volume I Foundations of Paramedic Care Cengage Learning 19 July 2012 640 2021 04 16 ISBN 978 1 133 71465 1 原始内容存档于2020 05 18 Bullen Christopher Electronic Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation Current Cardiology Reports 2014 16 11 538 2021 04 16 ISSN 1523 3782 PMID 25303892 doi 10 1007 s11886 014 0538 8 原始内容存档于2021 05 16 Saccone NL Culverhouse RC Schwantes An TH Cannon DS Chen X Cichon S Giegling I Han S Han Y Multiple independent loci at chromosome 15q25 1 affect smoking quantity a meta analysis and comparison with lung cancer and COPD PLOS Genetics 5 August 2010 6 8 e1001053 PMC 2916847 nbsp PMID 20700436 doi 10 1371 journal pgen 1001053 请检查 lay date 中的日期值 帮助 nbsp Fiore MC Jaen CR Baker TB et al Treating tobacco use and dependence 2008 update PDF Rockville MD U S Department of Health and Human Services U S Public Health Service 2008 2016 09 02 原始内容 PDF 存档于2016 03 27 Ng M Freeman MK Fleming TD Robinson M Dwyer Lindgren L Thomson B Wollum A Sanman E Wulf S Smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption in 187 countries 1980 2012 JAMA 8 January 2014 311 2 183 92 PMID 24399557 doi 10 1001 jama 2013 284692 无效 subscription free 帮助 U S Department of Health and Human Services The health consequences of smoking Nicotine addiction A report of the Surgeon General PDF U S Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control Center for Health Promotion and Education Office on Smoking and Health DHHS Publication No CDC 88 8406 1988 2021 04 16 原始内容存档 PDF 于2019 08 02 Moylan Steven Jacka Felice N Pasco Julie A Berk Michael Cigarette smoking nicotine dependence and anxiety disorders a systematic review of population based epidemiological studies BMC Medicine 2012 10 1 123 ISSN 1741 7015 PMC 3523047 nbsp PMID 23083451 doi 10 1186 1741 7015 10 123 Rachid Fady Neurostimulation techniques in the treatment of nicotine dependence A review The American Journal on Addictions 2016 25 6 436 451 ISSN 1055 0496 PMID 27442267 doi 10 1111 ajad 12405 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 尼古丁依賴 amp oldid 73286808, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，

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