Biagoni, C.; Pasero, M. The systematics of the spinel-type minerals: An overview. American Mineralogist. 2014, 99 (7): 1254–1264. Bibcode:2014AmMin..99.1254B. S2CID 102231166. doi:10.2138/am.2014.4816.
^Robert J. Naumann: Introduction to the Physics and Chemistry of Materials (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) CRC Press, 2008, ISBN978-1-4200-6134-5. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
^H-J Meyer: Festkörperchemie (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) in: H-J Meyer (ed.), Riedel Moderne Anorganische Chemie, Walter de Gruyter, 2012, ISBN978-3-11-024900-2. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
^Spinel Supergroup at Mindat. [2023-09-22]. (原始内容于2023-05-30).
^Zhang, Liang; Ji, Guang-Fu; Zhao, Feng; Meng, Chuan-Min; Wei, Dong-Qing. The first-principle studies of the crystal phase transitions: Fd3m-MgAl2O4→F4-3m-MgAl2O4. Physica B: Condensed Matter. February 2011, 406 (3): 335–338 [2023-09-22]. Bibcode:2011PhyB..406..335Z. doi:10.1016/j.physb.2010.10.054. (原始内容于2018-06-08) (英语).
^Robert John Lancashire. . CHEM2101 (C 21J) Inorganic Chemistry - Chemistry of Transition Metal Complexes. University of the West Indies. [2023-09-22]. 原始内容存档于2023-08-08.
^N. W. Grimes; et al. New Symmetry and Structure for Spinel. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. Apr 8, 1983, 386 (1791): 333–345. Bibcode:1983RSPSA.386..333G. JSTOR 2397417. S2CID 96560029. doi:10.1098/rspa.1983.0039.
^L. Hwang; et al. On the space group of MgAl 2O 4 spinel. Philosophical Magazine. Jul 1973. doi:10.1080/14786437308217448.
^Assadi, M. Hussein N.; H., Katayama-Yoshida. Covalency a Pathway for Achieving High Magnetisation in TMFe2O4 Compounds. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 2019, 88 (4): 044706. Bibcode:2019JPSJ...88d4706A. S2CID 127456231. arXiv:2004.10948. doi:10.7566/JPSJ.88.044706.
^Sickafus, Kurt E.; Wills, John M.; Grimes, Norman W. Structure of Spinel. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2004-12-21, 82 (12): 3279–3292. doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb02241.x(英语).