大气层超旋转

大气层超自转 (Atmospheric super-rotation) 是指一颗行星的大气层比行星本身旋转更快的状态。金星大气层就是一个极端超自转的示例，它的大气层仅用4个地球日就绕行星一周，比金星243天的恒星日要快得多 ^[1]。在土星最大的卫星土卫六上也观测到大气层超旋转的现象^[2]。

据信，地球的热层有一比地表旋转速度更快的小型超旋转网，尽管对该现象的估值相差很大^[3][4][5] ，部分模型预测表明，全球变暖可能会导致未来超自转现象的增强，包括可能形成的超级旋风^[6][7]。

参考文献

1. ESA Science & Technology - Major Discoveries by Venus Express: 2006-2014. sci.esa.int. [2020-01-21]. （原始内容于2020-04-20）. 
2. Read, Peter L.; Lebonnois, Sebastien. Superrotation on Venus, on Titan, and Elsewhere. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 2018, 46 (1): 175–202. doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010137. 
3. Gaposchkin, E. M. Atmospheric superrotation?. Planetary and Space Science. 2003-05-01, 51 (6): 415–425. ISSN 0032-0633. doi:10.1016/S0032-0633(03)00021-7 （英语）. 
4. Blum, P. W.; Harris, I. Some new aspects on the superrotation of the thermosphere. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics. 1974-06-01, 36 (6): 967–978. ISSN 0021-9169. doi:10.1016/0021-9169(74)90006-3. hdl:2060/19730011711   （英语）. 
5. Rishbeth, H. Rotation of the Variation of Upper Atmosphere. Nature. January 1971, 229 (5283): 333–334. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 16059224. doi:10.1038/229333a0 （英语）. 
6. Carlson, Henrik; Caballero, Rodrigo. Enhanced MJO and transition to superrotation in warm climates. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. March 2016, 8 (1): 304–318. ISSN 1942-2466. doi:10.1002/2015ms000615  . 
7. Caballero, Rodrigo; Carlson, Henrik. Surface Superrotation. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. October 2018, 75 (10): 3671–3689. ISSN 0022-4928. doi:10.1175/JAS-D-18-0076.1   （英语）.