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基础代谢率

基础代谢率(英語:basal metabolic rate首字母缩写BMR)是指在自然温度环境中,恆温動物(比如人)的身体在非劇烈活动的状态下,处于非消化状态,维持生命所需消耗的最低能量。这些能量主要用于保持各器官的机能,如呼吸()、心跳心脏)、腺体分泌(及其他神经系统)、过滤排泄(肾脏)、解毒(肝脏)、肌肉活动等等。基础代谢率会随着年龄增加或体重减轻而降低,而随着肌肉增加而增加。疾病、进食、环境温度变化、承受压力水平变化都会改变人体的能量消耗,从而影响基础代谢率。基础代谢率的测量需要在严格的条件下进行,受测者必须处于清醒且完全静止状态,同时其交感神经系统需要保持非激活状态。另一种相关的条件但较宽松的测量是“静止代谢率”(單純維持生理消耗,此數據用在描述變溫動物居多)的测量[1] 基础代谢率和静止代谢率的测量可以采用量热法来进行气体分析而直接获得结果,或通过一个包含有年龄、性别、身高、体重的公式来进行间接估算。基础代谢率的单位为“千焦/平方米/小时”,表征每小时每平方米体表所散发的热量。

参考文献 编辑

引用 编辑

  1. ^ CaloriesPerHour.com. . Calculating BMR and RMR. [2008-01-26]. (原始内容存档于2008-01-05). 

来源 编辑

  • Tsai, AG; Wadden, TA. Systematic review: An evaluation of major commercial weight loss programs in the United States. Annals of internal medicine. 2005, 142 (1): 56–66. PMID 15630109. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-142-1-200501040-00012. 
  • Gustafson, D.; Rothenberg, E.; Blennow, K.; Steen, B.; Skoog, I. An 18-Year Follow-up of Overweight and Risk of Alzheimer Disease. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2003, 163 (13): 1524–8. PMID 12860573. doi:10.1001/archinte.163.13.1524. 
  • Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: Executive summary. Expert Panel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight in Adults. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 1998, 68 (4): 899–917. PMID 9771869. 
  • Segal, Arthur C. Linear Diet Model. College Mathematics Journal. 1987, 18 (1): 44–5. doi:10.2307/2686315. 
  • Pike, Ruth L; Brown, Myrtle Laurestine. Nutrition: An Integrated Approach 2nd. New York: Wiley. 1975. OCLC 474842663. 
  • Sahlin, K.; Tonkonogi, M.; Soderlund, K. Energy supply and muscle fatigue in humans. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. 1998, 162 (3): 261–6. PMID 9578371. doi:10.1046/j.1365-201X.1998.0298f.x. 
  • Saltin, Bengt; Gollnick, Philip D. Skeletal muscle adaptability: Significance for metabolism and performance. Peachey, Lee D; Adrian, Richard H; Geiger, Stephen R (编). Handbook of Physiology. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. 1983: 540–55. OCLC 314567389.  Republished as: Saltin, Bengt; Gollnick, Philip D. Skeletal Muscle Adaptability: Significance for Metabolism and Performance. Comprehensive Physiology. 2011. ISBN 978-0-470-65071-4. doi:10.1002/cphy.cp100119. 
  • Thorstensson. Muscle strength, fibre types and enzyme activities in man. Acta physiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum. 1976, 443: 1–45. PMID 189574. 
  • Thorstensson, Alf; Sjödin, Bertil; Tesch, Per; Karlsson, Jan. Actomyosin ATPase, Myokinase, CPK and LDH in Human Fast and Slow Twitch Muscle Fibres. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. 1977, 99 (2): 225–9. PMID 190869. doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1977.tb10373.x. 
  • Vanhelder, W. P.; Radomski, M. W.; Goode, R. C.; Casey, K. Hormonal and metabolic response to three types of exercise of equal duration and external work output. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology. 1985, 54 (4): 337–42. PMID 3905393. doi:10.1007/BF02337175. 
  • Wells, J. G.; Balke, B; Van Fossan, DD. Lactic acid accumulation during work; a suggested standardization of work classification. Journal of applied physiology. 1957, 10 (1): 51–5. PMID 13405829. 
  • McArdle, William D; Katch, Frank I.; Katch, Victor L. Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. 1986. OCLC 646595478. 

外部链接 编辑

  • Harris, JA; Benedict, FG. A Biometric Study of Human Basal Metabolism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1918, 4 (12): 370–3. Bibcode:1918PNAS....4..370H. PMC 1091498 . PMID 16576330. doi:10.1073/pnas.4.12.370. 
  • Harris-Benedict study. Detailed discussion of antecedents, data, measurements, statistics (Published by The Carnegie Institution of Washington 1919) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  • BMR and personality (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆

基础代谢率, 此條目可参照外語維基百科相應條目来扩充, 若您熟悉来源语言和主题, 请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目, 请勿直接提交机械翻译, 也不要翻译不可靠, 低品质内容, 依版权协议, 译文需在编辑摘要注明来源, 或于讨论页顶部标记, href, template, translated, page, html, title, template, translated, page, translated, page, 标签, 英語, basal, metabolic, rate, 首字母缩写bmr, 是指在自然温. 此條目可参照外語維基百科相應條目来扩充 若您熟悉来源语言和主题 请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目 请勿直接提交机械翻译 也不要翻译不可靠 低品质内容 依版权协议 译文需在编辑摘要注明来源 或于讨论页顶部标记 a href Template Translated page html title Template Translated page Translated page a 标签 基础代谢率 英語 basal metabolic rate 首字母缩写BMR 是指在自然温度环境中 恆温動物 比如人 的身体在非劇烈活动的状态下 处于非消化状态 维持生命所需消耗的最低能量 这些能量主要用于保持各器官的机能 如呼吸 肺 心跳 心脏 腺体分泌 脑及其他神经系统 过滤排泄 肾脏 解毒 肝脏 肌肉活动等等 基础代谢率会随着年龄增加或体重减轻而降低 而随着肌肉增加而增加 疾病 进食 环境温度变化 承受压力水平变化都会改变人体的能量消耗 从而影响基础代谢率 基础代谢率的测量需要在严格的条件下进行 受测者必须处于清醒且完全静止状态 同时其交感神经系统需要保持非激活状态 另一种相关的条件但较宽松的测量是 静止代谢率 單純維持生理消耗 此數據用在描述變溫動物居多 的测量 1 基础代谢率和静止代谢率的测量可以采用量热法来进行气体分析而直接获得结果 或通过一个包含有年龄 性别 身高 体重的公式来进行间接估算 基础代谢率的单位为 千焦 平方米 小时 表征每小时每平方米体表所散发的热量 目录 1 参考文献 1 1 引用 1 2 来源 2 外部链接参考文献 编辑引用 编辑 CaloriesPerHour com Diet and Weight Loss Tutorial Calculating BMR and RMR 2008 01 26 原始内容存档于2008 01 05 来源 编辑 Tsai AG Wadden TA Systematic review An evaluation of major commercial weight loss programs in the United States Annals of internal medicine 2005 142 1 56 66 PMID 15630109 doi 10 7326 0003 4819 142 1 200501040 00012 Gustafson D Rothenberg E Blennow K Steen B Skoog I An 18 Year Follow up of Overweight and Risk of Alzheimer Disease Archives of Internal Medicine 2003 163 13 1524 8 PMID 12860573 doi 10 1001 archinte 163 13 1524 Clinical guidelines on the identification evaluation and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults Executive summary Expert Panel on the Identification Evaluation and Treatment of Overweight in Adults The American journal of clinical nutrition 1998 68 4 899 917 PMID 9771869 Segal Arthur C Linear Diet Model College Mathematics Journal 1987 18 1 44 5 doi 10 2307 2686315 Pike Ruth L Brown Myrtle Laurestine Nutrition An Integrated Approach 2nd New York Wiley 1975 OCLC 474842663 Sahlin K Tonkonogi M Soderlund K Energy supply and muscle fatigue in humans Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 1998 162 3 261 6 PMID 9578371 doi 10 1046 j 1365 201X 1998 0298f x Saltin Bengt Gollnick Philip D Skeletal muscle adaptability Significance for metabolism and performance Peachey Lee D Adrian Richard H Geiger Stephen R 编 Handbook of Physiology Baltimore Williams amp Wilkins 1983 540 55 OCLC 314567389 Republished as Saltin Bengt Gollnick Philip D Skeletal Muscle Adaptability Significance for Metabolism and Performance Comprehensive Physiology 2011 ISBN 978 0 470 65071 4 doi 10 1002 cphy cp100119 Thorstensson Muscle strength fibre types and enzyme activities in man Acta physiologica Scandinavica Supplementum 1976 443 1 45 PMID 189574 Thorstensson Alf Sjodin Bertil Tesch Per Karlsson Jan Actomyosin ATPase Myokinase CPK and LDH in Human Fast and Slow Twitch Muscle Fibres Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 1977 99 2 225 9 PMID 190869 doi 10 1111 j 1748 1716 1977 tb10373 x Vanhelder W P Radomski M W Goode R C Casey K Hormonal and metabolic response to three types of exercise of equal duration and external work output European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 1985 54 4 337 42 PMID 3905393 doi 10 1007 BF02337175 Wells J G Balke B Van Fossan DD Lactic acid accumulation during work a suggested standardization of work classification Journal of applied physiology 1957 10 1 51 5 PMID 13405829 McArdle William D Katch Frank I Katch Victor L Exercise Physiology Energy Nutrition and Human Performance Philadelphia Lea amp Febiger 1986 OCLC 646595478 外部链接 编辑基础代谢率的简单计算 Harris JA Benedict FG A Biometric Study of Human Basal Metabolism Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1918 4 12 370 3 Bibcode 1918PNAS 4 370H PMC 1091498 nbsp PMID 16576330 doi 10 1073 pnas 4 12 370 Harris Benedict study Detailed discussion of antecedents data measurements statistics Published by The Carnegie Institution of Washington 1919 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 BMR as affected by alcohol BMR and personality 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 基础代谢率 amp oldid 78343842, 维基百科,wiki,书籍,书籍,图书馆,

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