维基百科
單一族群國家
單一族群國家(Monoethnicity),又稱單民族國家,指人口幾乎為同一民族的國家,與多元族群國家相對。
常見的單民族國家
日本視自己為單一族群國家,其人口的99%為大和族,只有1%左右人口為其他民族,這些民族還要再分割為阿伊努族、琉球族、在日朝鮮人和韓國人等。日本的少數族群面臨被大和民族同化風險,其語言、歷史和民族識別權力都受到擠壓,詳見日本民族問題[1].[2]。
韓國為標準的單一族群國家,它的人口基本為韓民族,1%以下人才是少數群體,而且少數族裔基本都是外國移民的後代,例如650,000名華裔移民等。因為韓國不像日本一樣擁有“原住民形態”的少數民族,所以大韓民國在民族對立問題上沒有日本那麼嚴重,其國內的各路僑民也較能認同單一民族的思維[3]。
单一族群国家实例
国家 | 人口 | 多數族群 | % | 參考資料 |
---|---|---|---|---|
賴索托 | 2,203,821 | 巴苏陀族 | 99.7% | |
日本[5] | 126,702,133 | 大和族 | 98.5% | |
亞美尼亞[6] | 3,264,500[7] | 亚美尼亚人 | 98.1% | |
阿尔巴尼亚 | 2,876,591 | 阿爾巴尼亞人 | 98% | [8] |
匈牙利 | 9,937,628 | 马扎尔人 | 98% | |
孟加拉国 | 162,951,560[9] | 孟加拉族 | 98% | |
蒙古 | 3,081,677 | 蒙古族 | 97% | [10] |
波蘭[11] | 38,523,261 | 波蘭人 | 96.9% | |
大韓民國 | 51,446,201 | 朝鮮族 | 96% | [12] |
朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 | 25,791,000 | 99% | ||
葡萄牙 | 10,839,514 | 葡萄牙人 | 95.9% | |
捷克 | 10,610,947 | 捷克人 | >95% | [13] |
冰島 | 332,529 | 冰島人 | 94% | |
希臘 | 11,183,716 | 希臘人 | 93% | |
義大利 | 60,483,973 | 意大利人 | 91.5% | |
芬兰 | 5,537,364 | 芬兰人 | 93.5% | |
中华人民共和国 | 1,384,688,986 | 漢族 | 91.6% | [14] |
馬爾地夫 | 379,270 | 迪維希人 | 100% | [15] |
参考文献
- ^ Osamu Arakaki, Refugee Law and Practice in Japan, Ashgate Publishing: 36, 2008, ISBN 978-0754670094
- ^ (日語) [1] 互联网档案馆的,存档日期14 October 2013. 平成24年末現在における外国人登録者統計について].
- ^ Trying to teach South Korea about discrimination, The Los Angeles Times, 24 February 2009
- ^ Gary Dempsey, Exiting the Balkan Thicket, Cato Institute: 91–, 2002, ISBN 978-1-930865-17-4
- ^ Haarmann, Harald. Language in Ethnicity: A View of Basic Ecological Relations. Walter de Gruyter. 1986: 209. ISBN 9783110862805.
Japan is widely believed to be a monolingual country with a monoethnic population...
- Henders, Susan J. Democratization and Identity: Regimes and Ethnicity in East and Southeast Asia. Lexington Books. 2006: 117. ISBN 9780739107676.
Many Japanese take it for granted that they live in a monoethnic society...
- Fackler, Martin. Biracial Beauty Queen Challenges Japan’s Self-Image. The New York Times. 2015-05-29 [2017-09-24]. (原始内容于2021-02-07).
...a country that still regards itself as mono-ethnic.
- Henders, Susan J. Democratization and Identity: Regimes and Ethnicity in East and Southeast Asia. Lexington Books. 2006: 117. ISBN 9780739107676.
- ^ Abrahamian, Levon. Armenian identity in a changing world. Mazda Publishers. 2006: 19. ISBN 9781568591858.
...the practically monoethnic Armenian Republic...
- Department of International Relations Association. Gotchev, Atanas , 编. The New European security architecture and issues of early warning and conflict prevention. Albatros. 1997: 110.
Thus Armenia became the most mono-ethnic country in the CIS and the Middle East.
- Cornell, Svante. Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus. Routledge. 2005: 129. ISBN 9781135796693.
Whereas Armenia is now basically a mono- ethnic state...
- Department of International Relations Association. Gotchev, Atanas , 编. The New European security architecture and issues of early warning and conflict prevention. Albatros. 1997: 110.
- ^ De jure population estimate by the National Statistics Service (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Minority Rights and the Republic of Albania: Missing the Implementation. lup.lub.lu.se: 11. [2018-06-14]. (原始内容于2020-10-14) (英语).
From the ethnic point of view, according to the Albanian government’s reports, 98 percent of the population is Albanian and only two percent consist of Greek, Macedonian, Montenegrin recognized as national Minorities and Roma, Aromaninan recognized as ethnic - linguistic Minorities by the Albanian state.
- ^ . [2017-09-24]. (原始内容存档于2016-09-19).
- ^ Skutsch, Carl. Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities. Routledge. 2013-11-07 [2018-06-14]. ISBN 9781135193881. (原始内容于2020-12-24) (英语).
- ^ Fishman, Joshua A. The Earliest Stage of Language Planning: The "first Congress" Phenomenon. Walter de Gruyter. 1993: 219. ISBN 9783110135305.
After World War II Poland has become a primarily monoethnic...
- Cienski, Jan. . Financial Times. 2013-05-09 [2017-09-24]. (原始内容存档于2013-06-15).
Monoethnic and monocultural Poland...
- Cienski, Jan. . Financial Times. 2013-05-09 [2017-09-24]. (原始内容存档于2013-06-15).
- ^ Ethnic Minorities And Immigrants In South Korea. WorldAtlas. [2017-10-12]. (原始内容于2020-03-29) (英语).
- ^ O'Regan, David. International Auditing: Practical Resource Guide. John Wiley & Sons. 2004-01-27 [2018-06-14]. ISBN 9780471476955. (原始内容于2020-12-24) (英语).
- ^ Thomas Buoye; Kirk Denton; Bruce Dickson; Barry Naughton; Martin K. Whyte. China. China: Adapting the Past, Confronting the Future. University of Michigan Press. : 656. ISBN 978-0-89264-156-7. doi:10.3998/mpub.22778 (英语).
- ^ , Maldives-ethnography.com, [30 June 2010], (原始内容存档于16 January 2013) 无效
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