目前沒有單一檢驗可以確定診斷。醫生可能根據病史、症狀和體徵診斷。必須鑑別的情況包括:急性痛風關節炎和非典型的類風濕性關節炎急性發作。若沒有進行特定檢驗(如,關節液分析)是沒辦法區別以上疾病。要特別注意的是一個患者可能同時合併數種自體免疫性疾病於一身(重疊症候群(英语:Overlap syndrome))。實驗室檢驗通常沒有異狀。血液檢驗可能發現紅血球沉降率(ESR)和C反應蛋白(CRP)上升,但其他項目則無明顯異常。日後可能進展成類風濕關節炎或其它自體免疫疾病的患者,包括類風濕因子、抗環瓜氨酸肽抗體(英语:Anti-citrullinated protein antibody)、抗核抗體等血清學檢驗可能出現異常。
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