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维基百科

戈都语支

戈都语支属于南亚语系,使用者人数约有130万。保罗·西德维尔在主持分类工作。他注意到南亚/孟高棉语言在地理上越接近,在词汇上就越接近戈都语和巴拿语。他说这个地理相似性是独立于语言所属的语支而存在的。他还说戈都语支和巴拿语支没有任何共同创新,所以它们是南亚语系下不同的两支。

戈都语支
使用族群戈都族
地理分佈中南半岛
谱系学分类南亚语系
  • 戈都语支
原始語言原始戈都语
分支
戈都语群
归–布鲁语群(西支)
帕戈语群
达渥–方语群
Glottologkatu1271[1]

  戈都语支

系属分类 编辑

1966年,一项针对东南亚大陆不同南亚语的词汇统计分析研究由世界少数民族语文研究院的语言学家David Thomas和Richard Phillips主持进行。这项研究发现了两支新的南亚语分支,分别是戈都语支和巴拿语支 (Sidwell 2009)。Sidwell (2005)对Diffloth的越-戈都语族假设提出异议,认为证据不明确。戈都语支语言的具体分类支持数据直到1990年代老挝对外国研究者开放边境后才能获得。

Sidwell (2005) 编辑

戈都语支以下的分类据Sidwell (2005)。另外,Sidwell (2009)分析发现,戈都语群是戈都语支最保守的分支。

Gehrmann (2019) 编辑

Gehrmann (2019)[2]给出下列戈都语分类。

原始戈都语

《民族语》还列了坚语,但它属于巴拿语支 (Sidwell 2003)。Lê, et. al (2014:294)[3]给出一个戈都语次分类,称作“Ba-hi”,分布在越南承天顺化省丰田县山区,但Watson (1996:197)[4]:197-205认为“Pacoh Pahi”是帕戈语一种方言。

归语和布鲁语每一种都有约50万使用者。达渥语方言连续体使用人数约有20万。

祖语 编辑

原始戈都语及其次级祖语的构拟有:

  • Thomas (1967):《原始东戈都语的音系重构》
  • Diffloth (1982):《音域、消失、音系:戈都语支的历史》
  • Efinov (1983):《原始戈都语的音系重建问题》
  • Peiros (1996):《戈都语比较词典》
  • Therapahan L-Thongkum (2001):《老挝南部塞公省的语言和族群》
  • Paul Sidwell (2005):《戈都语支:分类、重构和词汇比较》

Sidwell (2005)构拟了原始戈都语的辅音系统:

*p *t *c *k
*b *d
*m *n
*w *l, *r *j
*s *h

这基本与原始南亚语相同,除了*ʄ,它在原始戈都语中保留得比在别的南亚语中更好。

词汇同言线 编辑

保罗·西德维尔 (2015:185-186)[5]给出下列取代了原始南亚语形式的戈都语支词汇创新。

词义 原始戈都语 原始南亚语
*kɗial *kdɔːr
*kmɔɔ *cnam
眼镜蛇 *duur *ɟaːt
蘑菇 *trɨa *psit
*ʔŋhaaŋ *cʔaːŋ
6 *tbat *tpraw
8 *tgɔɔl *thaːm

Sidwell (2015:173)列出下列戈都语支和巴拿语支共享的词汇创新。

词义 原始戈都语 原始巴拿语 注释
树皮 *ʔnɗɔh *kɗuh
指甲 *knrias *krʔniəh 参考高棉语 kiəh“刻画”
皮肤 *ʔŋkar *ʔəkaːr
站起 *dɨk *dɨk 可能借自占语
*ʔalɔːŋ *ʔlɔːŋ 参考原始克木语 *cʔɔːŋ
*pnaɲ *pnaɲ 参考古孟语 pnaɲ 'army'
号角 *ʔakiː *ʔəkɛː
掌/脚底 *trpaːŋ *-paːŋ
*bɔːh *bɔh
*toŋ *toŋ
10 *ɟit *cit

另外,Diffloth (1992)[6]列出“毛毛虫”“骨”“咳嗽”“放屁”“呼吸”和“血”等戈都语支和越语支共享的词汇创新。越-戈都语的联系可参考Alves (2005)。[7]

另见 编辑

  • 原始戈都语构拟 (维基词典)

阅读更多 编辑

  • Gehrmann, Ryan. 2018. Katuic presyllables and derivational morphology in diachronic perspective (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). In Ring, Hiram & Felix Rau (eds.), Papers from the Seventh International Conference on Austroasiatic Linguistics, 132-156. Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society Special Publication No. 3. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.
  • Gehrmann, Ryan. 2017. The Historical Phonology of Kriang, A Katuic Language (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 10.1, 114-139.
  • Gehrmann, Ryan. 2016. The West Katuic languages: comparative phonology and diagnostic tools (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Chiang Mai: Payap University MA Thesis.
  • Gehrmann, Ryan. 2015. Vowel Height and Register Assignment in Katuic (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 8. 56-70.
  • Gehrmann, Ryan and Johanna Conver. 2015. Katuic Phonological Features (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Mon-Khmer Studies 44. 55-67.
  • Choo, Marcus. 2012. The Status of Katuic (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Chiang Mai: Linguistics Institute, Payap University.
  • Choo, Marcus. 2010. Katuic Bibliography with Selected Annotations (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Chiang Mai: Linguistics Institute, Payap University.
  • Choo, Marcus. 2009. Katuic Bibliography (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Chiang Mai: Linguistics Institute, Payap University.
  • Sidwell, Paul. 2005. The Katuic languages: classification, reconstruction and comparative lexicon (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆. LINCOM studies in Asian linguistics 58. Munich: LINCOM Europa. ISBN 3-89586-802-7
  • Sidwell, Paul. 2005. Proto-Katuic phonology and the sub-grouping of Mon-Khmer languages (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). In Paul Sidwell (ed.), SEALSXV: Papers from the 15th Meeting of the South East Asian Linguistics Society, 193-204. Pacific Linguistics PL E1. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
  • Theraphan L-Thongkum. 2002. The Role of endangered Mon-Khmer languages of Xekong Province, Southern Laos, in the reconstruction of Proto-Katuic. In Marlys Macken (ed.), Papers from the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society. 407-429. Program for Southeast Asian Studies, Arizona State University.
  • Theraphan L-Thongkum. 2001. ภาษาของนานาชนเผ่าในแขวงเซกองลาวใต้. Phasa khong nanachon phaw nai khweng Sekong Lao Tai. [Languages of the tribes in Xekong province, Southern Laos]. Bangkok: The Thailand Research Fund.
  • Peiros, Ilia. 1996. Katuic comparative dictionary. Pacific Linguistics C-132. Canberra: Australian National University. ISBN 0-85883-435-9
  • Miller, John & Carolyn Miller. 1996. Lexical comparison of Katuic Mon-Khmer languages with special focus on So-Bru groups in Northeast Thailand (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Mon-Khmer Studies 26. 255-290.
  • Migliazza, Brian. 1992. Lexicostatistic analysis of some Katuic languages (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). In Amara Prasithrathsint & Sudaporn Luksaneeyanawin (eds.), 3rd International Symposium on Language and Linguistics, 1320-1325. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University.
  • Gainey, Jerry. 1985. A comparative study of Kui, Bruu and So phonology from a genetic point of view. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University MA thesis.
  • Effimov, Aleksandr. 1983. Проблемы фонологической реконструкции прото-катуического языка. Probljemy phonologichjeskoj rjekonstruktsii Proto-Katuichjeskovo jazyka. [Issues in the phonological reconstruction of the Proto-Katuic language]. Moscow: Institute of Far Eastern studies Moscow dissertation.
  • Diffloth, Gérard. 1982. Registres, dévoisement, timbres vocaliques: leur histoire en Katouique (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). [Registers, devoicing, vowel phonation: their history in Katuic]. Mon-Khmer Studies 11. 47-82.
  • Thomas, Dorothy. M. (1967). A phonological reconstruction of Proto–East Katuic. Grand Forks: University of North Dakota MA thesis.

参考 编辑

  1. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Katuic. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016. 
  2. ^ Gehrmann, Ryan. 2019. On the Origin of Rime Laryngealization in Ta’oiq: A Case Study in Vowel Height Conditioned Phonation Contrasts. Paper presented at the 8th International Conference on Austroasiatic Linguistics (ICAAL8), Chiang Mai, Thailand, August 29–31, 2019.
  3. ^ Lê Bá Thảo, Hoàng Ma, et. al; Viện hàn lâm khoa học xã hội Việt Nam - Viện dân tộc học. 2014. Các dân tộc ít người ở Việt Nam: các tỉnh phía nam. Ha Noi: Nhà xuất bản khoa học xã hội. ISBN 978-604-90-2436-8
  4. ^ Watson, Richard L. 1996. Why three phonologies for Pacoh? Mon-Khmer Studies
  5. ^ Sidwell, Paul. 2015. "Austroasiatic classification." In Jenny, Mathias and Paul Sidwell, eds (2015). The Handbook of Austroasiatic Languages. Leiden: Brill.
  6. ^ Diffloth, Gérard. 1992. "Vietnamese As a Mon-Khmer Language (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)." In Papers from the First Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, edited by Martha Ratliff and Eric Schiller. 125-139. Arizona State University, Program for Southeast Asian Studies.
  7. ^ Alves, Mark. 2005. "The Vieto-Katuic Hypothesis: Lexical Evidence (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)." In SEALS XV: Papers from the 15th Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 2003, edited by Paul Sidwell. 169-176. Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University.
  • Sidwell, Paul. (2005). The Katuic languages: classification, reconstruction and comparative lexicon (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆. LINCOM studies in Asian linguistics, 58. Muenchen: Lincom Europa. ISBN 3-89586-802-7
  • Sidwell, Paul. (2009). Classifying the Austroasiatic languages: history and state of the art (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆. LINCOM studies in Asian linguistics, 76. Munich: Lincom Europa.

外部链接 编辑

戈都语支, 属于南亚语系, 使用者人数约有130万, 保罗, 西德维尔在主持分类工作, 他注意到南亚, 孟高棉语言在地理上越接近, 在词汇上就越接近戈都语和巴拿语, 他说这个地理相似性是独立于语言所属的语支而存在的, 他还说和巴拿语支没有任何共同创新, 所以它们是南亚语系下不同的两支, 使用族群戈都族地理分佈中南半岛谱系学分类南亚语系原始語言原始戈都语分支戈都语群, 布鲁语群, 西支, 帕戈语群, 达渥, 方语群, glottologkatu1271, 目录, 系属分类, sidwell, 2005, gehrma. 戈都语支属于南亚语系 使用者人数约有130万 保罗 西德维尔在主持分类工作 他注意到南亚 孟高棉语言在地理上越接近 在词汇上就越接近戈都语和巴拿语 他说这个地理相似性是独立于语言所属的语支而存在的 他还说戈都语支和巴拿语支没有任何共同创新 所以它们是南亚语系下不同的两支 戈都语支使用族群戈都族地理分佈中南半岛谱系学分类南亚语系戈都语支原始語言原始戈都语分支戈都语群 归 布鲁语群 西支 帕戈语群 达渥 方语群 Glottologkatu1271 1 戈都语支 目录 1 系属分类 1 1 Sidwell 2005 1 2 Gehrmann 2019 2 祖语 3 词汇同言线 4 另见 5 阅读更多 6 参考 7 外部链接系属分类 编辑1966年 一项针对东南亚大陆不同南亚语的词汇统计分析研究由世界少数民族语文研究院的语言学家David Thomas和Richard Phillips主持进行 这项研究发现了两支新的南亚语分支 分别是戈都语支和巴拿语支 Sidwell 2009 Sidwell 2005 对Diffloth的越 戈都语族假设提出异议 认为证据不明确 戈都语支语言的具体分类支持数据直到1990年代老挝对外国研究者开放边境后才能获得 Sidwell 2005 编辑 戈都语支以下的分类据Sidwell 2005 另外 Sidwell 2009 分析发现 戈都语群是戈都语支最保守的分支 西戈都语群 归语 归语 绥语 布鲁语 布鲁语 So等 达渥语群 达渥语 卡唐 翁 依尔语 塔兰 坚语 戈都语群 戈都语 方语 Kantu Triw Dak Kang 帕戈语群 帕戈语Gehrmann 2019 编辑 Gehrmann 2019 2 给出下列戈都语分类 原始戈都语原始西戈都语 归语 布鲁语 原始帕戈 达渥语 达渥语 帕戈语 方语 戈都语 民族语 还列了坚语 但它属于巴拿语支 Sidwell 2003 Le et al 2014 294 3 给出一个戈都语次分类 称作 Ba hi 分布在越南承天顺化省丰田县山区 但Watson 1996 197 4 197 205认为 Pacoh Pahi 是帕戈语一种方言 归语和布鲁语每一种都有约50万使用者 达渥语方言连续体使用人数约有20万 祖语 编辑原始戈都语及其次级祖语的构拟有 Thomas 1967 原始东戈都语的音系重构 Diffloth 1982 音域 消失 音系 戈都语支的历史 Efinov 1983 原始戈都语的音系重建问题 Peiros 1996 戈都语比较词典 Therapahan L Thongkum 2001 老挝南部塞公省的语言和族群 Paul Sidwell 2005 戈都语支 分类 重构和词汇比较 Sidwell 2005 构拟了原始戈都语的辅音系统 p t c k ʔ b d ɟ ɡ ɓ ɗ ʄ m n ɲ ŋ w l r j s h这基本与原始南亚语相同 除了 ʄ 它在原始戈都语中保留得比在别的南亚语中更好 词汇同言线 编辑保罗 西德维尔 2015 185 186 5 给出下列取代了原始南亚语形式的戈都语支词汇创新 词义 原始戈都语 原始南亚语妻 kɗial kdɔːr年 kmɔɔ cnam眼镜蛇 duur ɟaːt蘑菇 trɨa psit骨 ʔŋhaaŋ cʔaːŋ6 tbat tpraw8 tgɔɔl thaːmSidwell 2015 173 列出下列戈都语支和巴拿语支共享的词汇创新 词义 原始戈都语 原始巴拿语 注释树皮 ʔnɗɔh kɗuh指甲 knrias krʔnieh 参考高棉语 kieh 刻画 皮肤 ʔŋkar ʔekaːr站起 dɨk dɨk 可能借自占语树 ʔalɔːŋ ʔlɔːŋ 参考原始克木语 cʔɔːŋ弩 pnaɲ pnaɲ 参考古孟语 pnaɲ army 号角 ʔakiː ʔekɛː掌 脚底 trpaːŋ paːŋ盐 bɔːh bɔh偷 toŋ toŋ10 ɟit cit另外 Diffloth 1992 6 列出 毛毛虫 骨 咳嗽 放屁 呼吸 和 血 等戈都语支和越语支共享的词汇创新 越 戈都语的联系可参考Alves 2005 7 另见 编辑原始戈都语构拟 维基词典 阅读更多 编辑Gehrmann Ryan 2018 Katuic presyllables and derivational morphology in diachronic perspective 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 In Ring Hiram amp Felix Rau eds Papers from the Seventh International Conference on Austroasiatic Linguistics 132 156 Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society Special Publication No 3 Honolulu University of Hawai i Press Gehrmann Ryan 2017 The Historical Phonology of Kriang A Katuic Language 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 10 1 114 139 Gehrmann Ryan 2016 The West Katuic languages comparative phonology and diagnostic tools 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Chiang Mai Payap University MA Thesis Gehrmann Ryan 2015 Vowel Height and Register Assignment in Katuic 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 8 56 70 Gehrmann Ryan and Johanna Conver 2015 Katuic Phonological Features 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Mon Khmer Studies 44 55 67 Choo Marcus 2012 The Status of Katuic 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Chiang Mai Linguistics Institute Payap University Choo Marcus 2010 Katuic Bibliography with Selected Annotations 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Chiang Mai Linguistics Institute Payap University Choo Marcus 2009 Katuic Bibliography 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Chiang Mai Linguistics Institute Payap University Sidwell Paul 2005 The Katuic languages classification reconstruction and comparative lexicon 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 LINCOM studies in Asian linguistics 58 Munich LINCOM Europa ISBN 3 89586 802 7 Sidwell Paul 2005 Proto Katuic phonology and the sub grouping of Mon Khmer languages 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 In Paul Sidwell ed SEALSXV Papers from the 15th Meeting of the South East Asian Linguistics Society 193 204 Pacific Linguistics PL E1 Canberra Pacific Linguistics Theraphan L Thongkum 2002 The Role of endangered Mon Khmer languages of Xekong Province Southern Laos in the reconstruction of Proto Katuic In Marlys Macken ed Papers from the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 407 429 Program for Southeast Asian Studies Arizona State University Theraphan L Thongkum 2001 phasakhxngnanachnephainaekhwngeskxnglawit Phasa khong nanachon phaw nai khweng Sekong Lao Tai Languages of the tribes in Xekong province Southern Laos Bangkok The Thailand Research Fund Peiros Ilia 1996 Katuic comparative dictionary Pacific Linguistics C 132 Canberra Australian National University ISBN 0 85883 435 9 Miller John amp Carolyn Miller 1996 Lexical comparison of Katuic Mon Khmer languages with special focus on So Bru groups in Northeast Thailand 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Mon Khmer Studies 26 255 290 Migliazza Brian 1992 Lexicostatistic analysis of some Katuic languages 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 In Amara Prasithrathsint amp Sudaporn Luksaneeyanawin eds 3rd International Symposium on Language and Linguistics 1320 1325 Bangkok Chulalongkorn University Gainey Jerry 1985 A comparative study of Kui Bruu and So phonology from a genetic point of view Bangkok Chulalongkorn University MA thesis Effimov Aleksandr 1983 Problemy fonologicheskoj rekonstrukcii proto katuicheskogo yazyka Probljemy phonologichjeskoj rjekonstruktsii Proto Katuichjeskovo jazyka Issues in the phonological reconstruction of the Proto Katuic language Moscow Institute of Far Eastern studies Moscow dissertation Diffloth Gerard 1982 Registres devoisement timbres vocaliques leur histoire en Katouique 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Registers devoicing vowel phonation their history in Katuic Mon Khmer Studies 11 47 82 Thomas Dorothy M 1967 A phonological reconstruction of Proto East Katuic Grand Forks University of North Dakota MA thesis 参考 编辑 Hammarstrom Harald Forkel Robert Haspelmath Martin Bank Sebastian 编 Katuic Glottolog 2 7 Jena Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History 2016 Gehrmann Ryan 2019 On the Origin of Rime Laryngealization in Ta oiq A Case Study in Vowel Height Conditioned Phonation Contrasts Paper presented at the 8th International Conference on Austroasiatic Linguistics ICAAL8 Chiang Mai Thailand August 29 31 2019 Le Ba Thảo Hoang Ma et al Viện han lam khoa học xa hội Việt Nam Viện dan tộc học 2014 Cac dan tộc it người ở Việt Nam cac tỉnh phia nam Ha Noi Nha xuất bản khoa học xa hội ISBN 978 604 90 2436 8 Watson Richard L 1996 Why three phonologies for Pacoh Mon Khmer Studies Sidwell Paul 2015 Austroasiatic classification In Jenny Mathias and Paul Sidwell eds 2015 The Handbook of Austroasiatic Languages Leiden Brill Diffloth Gerard 1992 Vietnamese As a Mon Khmer Language 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 In Papers from the First Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society edited by Martha Ratliff and Eric Schiller 125 139 Arizona State University Program for Southeast Asian Studies Alves Mark 2005 The Vieto Katuic Hypothesis Lexical Evidence 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 In SEALS XV Papers from the 15th Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 2003 edited by Paul Sidwell 169 176 Pacific Linguistics Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies The Australian National University Sidwell Paul 2005 The Katuic languages classification reconstruction and comparative lexicon 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 LINCOM studies in Asian linguistics 58 Muenchen Lincom Europa ISBN 3 89586 802 7 Sidwell Paul 2009 Classifying the Austroasiatic languages history and state of the art 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 LINCOM studies in Asian linguistics 76 Munich Lincom Europa 外部链接 编辑Frank Huffman戈都语音档 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Paul Sidwell 2003 http projekt ht lu se rwaai 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 RWAAI 南亚语系非物质文化遗产存储室与工作空间 http hdl handle net 10050 00 0000 0000 0003 6712 F view 戈都语支于RWAAI数字档案 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 戈都语支 amp oldid 75574652, 维基百科,wiki,书籍,书籍,图书馆,

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