^ 2.02.1Yager LM, Garcia AF, Wunsch AM, Ferguson SM. The ins and outs of the striatum: Role in drug addiction. Neuroscience. August 2015, 301: 529–541. PMC 4523218. PMID 26116518. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.06.033. [The striatum] receives dopaminergic inputs from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the substantia nigra (SNr) and glutamatergic inputs from several areas, including the cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus (Swanson, 1982; Phillipson and Griffiths, 1985; Finch, 1996; Groenewegen et al., 1999; Britt et al., 2012). These glutamatergic inputs make contact on the heads of dendritic spines of the striatal GABAergic medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs) whereas dopaminergic inputs synapse onto the spine neck, allowing for an important and complex interaction between these two inputs in modulation of MSN activity ... It should also be noted that there is a small population of neurons in the NAc that coexpress both D1 and D2 receptors, though this is largely restricted to the NAc shell (Bertran- Gonzalez et al., 2008). ... Neurons in the NAc core and NAc shell subdivisions also differ functionally. The NAc core is involved in the processing of conditioned stimuli whereas the NAc shell is more important in the processing of unconditioned stimuli; Classically, these two striatal MSN populations are thought to have opposing effects on basal ganglia output. Activation of the dMSNs causes a net excitation of the thalamus resulting in a positive cortical feedback loop; thereby acting as a ‘go’ signal to initiate behavior. Activation of the iMSNs, however, causes a net inhibition of thalamic activity resulting in a negative cortical feedback loop and therefore serves as a ‘brake’ to inhibit behavior ... there is also mounting evidence that iMSNs play a role in motivation and addiction (Lobo and Nestler, 2011; Grueter et al., 2013). For example, optogenetic activation of NAc core and shell iMSNs suppressed the development of a cocaine CPP whereas selective ablation of NAc core and shell iMSNs ... enhanced the development and the persistence of an amphetamine CPP (Durieux et al., 2009; Lobo et al., 2010). These findings suggest that iMSNs can bidirectionally modulate drug reward. ... Together these data suggest that iMSNs normally act to restrain drug-taking behavior and recruitment of these neurons may in fact be protective against the development of compulsive drug use.已忽略未知参数|authorformat=（建议使用|name-list-format=） (帮助); 已忽略未知参数|author-separator= (帮助); 已忽略未知参数|author-name-separator= (帮助)
^Ferré S, Lluís C, Justinova Z, Quiroz C, Orru M, Navarro G, Canela EI, Franco R, Goldberg SR. Adenosine-cannabinoid receptor interactions. Implications for striatal function. Br. J. Pharmacol. June 2010, 160 (3): 443–453. PMC 2931547. PMID 20590556. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00723.x. Two classes of MSNs, which are homogeneously distributed in the striatum, can be differentiated by their output connectivity and their expression of dopamine and adenosine receptors and neuropeptides. In the dorsal striatum (mostly represented by the nucleus caudate-putamen), enkephalinergic MSNs connect the striatum with the globus pallidus (lateral globus pallidus) and express the peptide enkephalin and a high density of dopamine D2 and adenosine A2A receptors (they also express adenosine A1 receptors), while dynorphinergic MSNs connect the striatum with the substantia nigra (pars compacta and reticulata) and the entopeduncular nucleus (medial globus pallidus) and express the peptides dynorphin and substance P and dopamine D1 and adenosine A1 but not A2A receptors (Ferréet al., 1997; Gerfen, 2004; Quiroz et al., 2009). These two different phenotypes of MSN are also present in the ventral striatum (mostly represented by the nucleus accumbens and the olfactory tubercle). However, although they are phenotypically equal to their dorsal counterparts, they have some differences in terms of connectivity. First, not only enkephalinergic but also dynorphinergic MSNs project to the ventral counterpart of the lateral globus pallidus, the ventral pallidum, which, in fact, has characteristics of both the lateral and medial globus pallidus in its afferent and efferent connectivity. In addition to the ventral pallidum, the medial globus pallidus and the substantia nigra-VTA, the ventral striatum sends projections to the extended amygdala, the lateral hypothalamus and the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus. Finally, unlike the dorsal striatum, the substantia nigra pars reticulata is not a main target area for the ventral striatum, which preferentially directs its midbrain output to the substantia nigra pars compacta and the VTA (Heimer et al., 1995; Robertson and Jian, 1995; Ferré, 1997). It is also important to mention that a small percentage of MSNs have a mixed phenotype and express both D1 and D2 receptors (Surmeier et al., 1996). ... A2A receptors are localized predominantly postsynaptically in the dendritic spine of enkephalinergic but not dynorphinergic MSNs, co-localized with D2 receptors ... Presynaptically, CB1 receptors are localized in GABAergic terminals of interneurons or collaterals from MSNs, and also in glutamatergic but not in dopaminergic terminals ... Postsynaptically, CB1 receptors are localized in the somatodendritic area of MSN (Rodriguez et al., 2001; Pickel et al., 2004; 2006; Köfalvi et al., 2005) and both enkephalinergic and dynorphinergic MSNs express CB1 receptors (Martín et al., 2008).已忽略未知参数|authorformat=（建议使用|name-list-format=） (帮助); 已忽略未知参数|author-separator= (帮助); 已忽略未知参数|author-name-separator= (帮助)
^Nishi A, Kuroiwa M, Shuto T. Mechanisms for the modulation of dopamine d(1) receptor signaling in striatal neurons. Front Neuroanat. July 2011, 5: 43. PMC 3140648. PMID 21811441. doi:10.3389/fnana.2011.00043. Dopamine plays critical roles in the regulation of psychomotor functions in the brain (Bromberg-Martin et al., 2010; Cools, 2011; Gerfen and Surmeier, 2011). The dopamine receptors are a superfamily of heptahelical G protein-coupled receptors, and are grouped into two categories, D1-like (D1, D5) and D2-like (D2, D3, D4) receptors, based on functional properties to stimulate adenylyl cyclase (AC) via Gs/olf and to inhibit AC via Gi/o, respectively ... It has been demonstrated that D1 receptors form the hetero-oligomer with D2 receptors, and that the D1–D2 receptor hetero-oligomer preferentially couples to Gq/PLC signaling (Rashid et al., 2007a,b). The expression of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors are largely segregated in direct and indirect pathway neurons in the dorsal striatum, respectively (Gerfen et al., 1990; Hersch et al., 1995; Heiman et al., 2008). However, some proportion of medium spiny neurons are known to expresses both D1 and D2 receptors (Hersch et al., 1995). Gene expression analysis using single cell RT-PCR technique estimated that 40% of medium spiny neurons express both D1 and D2 receptor mRNA (Surmeier et al., 1996).已忽略未知参数|authorformat=（建议使用|name-list-format=） (帮助); 已忽略未知参数|author-separator= (帮助); 已忽略未知参数|author-name-separator= (帮助)
十二月 25, 2023
中型多棘神经元, 此條目需要擴充, 2018年2月24日, 请協助改善这篇條目, 更進一步的信息可能會在討論頁或扩充请求中找到, 请在擴充條目後將此模板移除, 英語, medium, spiny, neurons, 简称msns, 也称纹状体棘状突起投射神经元, 英語, spiny, projection, neurons, 简称spns, 是一种特殊的丙胺基丁酸神經元, 英语, gabaergic, 抑制性, 英语, inhibitory, postsynaptic, potential, 细胞, 人类体内纹状体. 此條目需要擴充 2018年2月24日 请協助改善这篇條目 更進一步的信息可能會在討論頁或扩充请求中找到 请在擴充條目後將此模板移除 中型多棘神经元 英語 Medium spiny neurons 简称MSNs 也称纹状体棘状突起投射神经元 英語 spiny projection neurons 简称SPNs 1 是一种特殊的丙胺基丁酸神經元 英语 GABAergic 抑制性 英语 Inhibitory postsynaptic potential 细胞 人类体内纹状体 一种基底核 中 95 的神经元都是由这种细胞构成 2 中型多棘神经元拥有两种表型 D1类 英语 D1 type 中型多棘神经元 直接径路 和D2类 英语 D2 type 中型多棘神经元 间接径路 2 3 4 中型多棘神经元基本信息位置基底核形態多棘神经元功能抑制放射性神經元神經遞質g 氨基丁酸 GABA Presynaptic connectionsDopaminergic 腹側被蓋區 SNc 英语 substantia nigra pars compacta Glutamatergic PFC 海马体 杏仁核 丘腦等Postsynaptic connections其他基底核構造标识字符MeSHD000094242NeuroLex 英语 NeuroLex IDnifext 141 神经解剖学术语 英语 Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy 在维基数据上编辑 维基百科中的醫學内容仅供参考 並不能視作專業意見 如需獲取醫療幫助或意見 请咨询专业人士 詳見醫學聲明 参考资料 编辑 帕金森病异动症的突触可塑性机制及治疗策略研究 www cjnm net 2017 07 05 2 0 2 1 Yager LM Garcia AF Wunsch AM Ferguson SM The ins and outs of the striatum Role in drug addiction Neuroscience August 2015 301 529 541 PMC 4523218 nbsp PMID 26116518 doi 10 1016 j neuroscience 2015 06 033 The striatum receives dopaminergic inputs from the ventral tegmental area VTA and the substantia nigra SNr and glutamatergic inputs from several areas including the cortex hippocampus amygdala and thalamus Swanson 1982 Phillipson and Griffiths 1985 Finch 1996 Groenewegen et al 1999 Britt et al 2012 These glutamatergic inputs make contact on the heads of dendritic spines of the striatal GABAergic medium spiny projection neurons MSNs whereas dopaminergic inputs synapse onto the spine neck allowing for an important and complex interaction between these two inputs in modulation of MSN activity It should also be noted that there is a small population of neurons in the NAc that coexpress both D1 and D2 receptors though this is largely restricted to the NAc shell Bertran Gonzalez et al 2008 Neurons in the NAc core and NAc shell subdivisions also differ functionally The NAc core is involved in the processing of conditioned stimuli whereas the NAc shell is more important in the processing of unconditioned stimuli Classically these two striatal MSN populations are thought to have opposing effects on basal ganglia output Activation of the dMSNs causes a net excitation of the thalamus resulting in a positive cortical feedback loop thereby acting as a go signal to initiate behavior Activation of the iMSNs however causes a net inhibition of thalamic activity resulting in a negative cortical feedback loop and therefore serves as a brake to inhibit behavior there is also mounting evidence that iMSNs play a role in motivation and addiction Lobo and Nestler 2011 Grueter et al 2013 For example optogenetic activation of NAc core and shell iMSNs suppressed the development of a cocaine CPP whereas selective ablation of NAc core and shell iMSNs enhanced the development and the persistence of an amphetamine CPP Durieux et al 2009 Lobo et al 2010 These findings suggest that iMSNs can bidirectionally modulate drug reward Together these data suggest that iMSNs normally act to restrain drug taking behavior and recruitment of these neurons may in fact be protective against the development of compulsive drug use 已忽略未知参数 authorformat 建议使用 name list format 帮助 已忽略未知参数 author separator 帮助 已忽略未知参数 author name separator 帮助 Ferre S Lluis C Justinova Z Quiroz C Orru M Navarro G Canela EI Franco R Goldberg SR Adenosine cannabinoid receptor interactions Implications for striatal function Br J Pharmacol June 2010 160 3 443 453 PMC 2931547 nbsp PMID 20590556 doi 10 1111 j 1476 5381 2010 00723 x Two classes of MSNs which are homogeneously distributed in the striatum can be differentiated by their output connectivity and their expression of dopamine and adenosine receptors and neuropeptides In the dorsal striatum mostly represented by the nucleus caudate putamen enkephalinergic MSNs connect the striatum with the globus pallidus lateral globus pallidus and express the peptide enkephalin and a high density of dopamine D2 and adenosine A2A receptors they also express adenosine A1 receptors while dynorphinergic MSNs connect the striatum with the substantia nigra pars compacta and reticulata and the entopeduncular nucleus medial globus pallidus and express the peptides dynorphin and substance P and dopamine D1 and adenosine A1 but not A2A receptors Ferreet al 1997 Gerfen 2004 Quiroz et al 2009 These two different phenotypes of MSN are also present in the ventral striatum mostly represented by the nucleus accumbens and the olfactory tubercle However although they are phenotypically equal to their dorsal counterparts they have some differences in terms of connectivity First not only enkephalinergic but also dynorphinergic MSNs project to the ventral counterpart of the lateral globus pallidus the ventral pallidum which in fact has characteristics of both the lateral and medial globus pallidus in its afferent and efferent connectivity In addition to the ventral pallidum the medial globus pallidus and the substantia nigra VTA the ventral striatum sends projections to the extended amygdala the lateral hypothalamus and the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus Finally unlike the dorsal striatum the substantia nigra pars reticulata is not a main target area for the ventral striatum which preferentially directs its midbrain output to the substantia nigra pars compacta and the VTA Heimer et al 1995 Robertson and Jian 1995 Ferre 1997 It is also important to mention that a small percentage of MSNs have a mixed phenotype and express both D1 and D2 receptors Surmeier et al 1996 A2A receptors are localized predominantly postsynaptically in the dendritic spine of enkephalinergic but not dynorphinergic MSNs co localized with D2 receptors Presynaptically CB1 receptors are localized in GABAergic terminals of interneurons or collaterals from MSNs and also in glutamatergic but not in dopaminergic terminals Postsynaptically CB1 receptors are localized in the somatodendritic area of MSN Rodriguez et al 2001 Pickel et al 2004 2006 Kofalvi et al 2005 and both enkephalinergic and dynorphinergic MSNs express CB1 receptors Martin et al 2008 已忽略未知参数 authorformat 建议使用 name list format 帮助 已忽略未知参数 author separator 帮助 已忽略未知参数 author name separator 帮助 Nishi A Kuroiwa M Shuto T Mechanisms for the modulation of dopamine d 1 receptor signaling in striatal neurons Front Neuroanat July 2011 5 43 PMC 3140648 nbsp PMID 21811441 doi 10 3389 fnana 2011 00043 Dopamine plays critical roles in the regulation of psychomotor functions in the brain Bromberg Martin et al 2010 Cools 2011 Gerfen and Surmeier 2011 The dopamine receptors are a superfamily of heptahelical G protein coupled receptors and are grouped into two categories D1 like D1 D5 and D2 like D2 D3 D4 receptors based on functional properties to stimulate adenylyl cyclase AC via Gs olf and to inhibit AC via Gi o respectively It has been demonstrated that D1 receptors form the hetero oligomer with D2 receptors and that the D1 D2 receptor hetero oligomer preferentially couples to Gq PLC signaling Rashid et al 2007a b The expression of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors are largely segregated in direct and indirect pathway neurons in the dorsal striatum respectively Gerfen et al 1990 Hersch et al 1995 Heiman et al 2008 However some proportion of medium spiny neurons are known to expresses both D1 and D2 receptors Hersch et al 1995 Gene expression analysis using single cell RT PCR technique estimated that 40 of medium spiny neurons express both D1 and D2 receptor mRNA Surmeier et al 1996 已忽略未知参数 authorformat 建议使用 name list format 帮助 已忽略未知参数 author separator 帮助 已忽略未知参数 author name separator 帮助 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 中型多棘神经元 amp oldid 61902414, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，
