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维基百科

霍米·巴巴

十月 05, 2023

此条目的主題是后殖民主义理论家Homi K. Bhabha。关于印度核物理学家Homi Jehangir Bhabha，請見「霍米·贾汗季·巴巴」。

霍米·K·巴巴（英語：Homi Kharshedji Bhabha；1949年11月1日—）是印度裔英国学者和批判理论家。他是哈佛大学Anne F. Rothenberg人文学科教授，是当代后殖民研究代表人物之一，在该领域提出了许多关键术语和概念，例如混杂性（hybridity）、模拟（mimicry）、差异（difference）和矛盾状态（ambivalence）。[2]在巴巴的理论中，这些术语描述了被殖民者反抗殖民者权力的方式。2012年，他获得印度政府颁发的文学和教育领域的莲花装勋章奖。[3]他与律师兼哈佛大学讲师杰奎琳·巴巴（英语：Jacqueline Bhabha）结婚，育有三个孩子。[4]

霍米·K·巴巴
原文名Homi K. Bhabha
出生 (1949-11-01) 1949年11月1日（73歲）
印度自治领孟買邦孟买（今印度马哈拉施特拉邦孟买）
配偶杰奎琳·巴巴（英语：Jacqueline Bhabha）
儿女二子：Ishan、Satya，一女：Leah
學術背景
母校孟买圣玛丽学校（英语：St. Mary's School, Mumbai）
孟買大學
牛津大学基督堂学院
學術工作
学派或传统后殖民主义
後結構主義
研究機構萨塞克斯大学
普林斯顿大学
哈佛大学
主要領域思想史、文學
著名思想作为被压迫者反抗压迫者的一种策略的混杂性（hybridity）、作为殖民服从策略的模拟（mimicry）、第三空间、后殖民时期“阐释”的现在[1]

理论 编辑

混杂性 编辑

“混杂性”（hybridity）是巴巴的核心思想之一，其借鉴了爱德华·萨义德的著作，用于描述多元文化主义中新文化形式的出现。巴巴并不将殖民主义视为过去的事，而是展示了殖民历史和文化如何不断侵入现在，从而要求我们转变对跨文化关系的理解。他对殖民文本应用了後結構主義方法论，改变了对殖民主义的研究。[5][6]

矛盾状态 编辑

矛盾状态（ambivalence）这一概念认为文化由对立的观念和维度组成。巴巴称，这种矛盾状态——被殖民的他者的身份分裂的二元性——使得固有文化身份和殖民者文化身份的混杂体成为可能。矛盾状态是殖民权力出现迟滞特征的原因之一。权威的殖民能指只有在“殖民地差异、文化或种族的创伤性场景，使权力之眼回归到一些先前的古老形象或身份”之后，才获得它们的意义。“然而，矛盾的是，这样的图像既不能是‘原始的’——因为构建它的重复行为——也不能是相同的——因为定义其自身的差异。”[7]因此，殖民的在场仍然是处于矛盾状态的，在其原始和权威的外观与重复和差异的表达之间产生分裂。[7]这打开了殖民话语的两个维度：以发明和掌握为特征的维度，以及以取代和幻想为特征的维度。

文化差异、阐释和刻板印象 编辑

巴巴将文化差异（cultural difference）视为文化多样性（cultural diversity）的替代方案。在文化多样性中，文化是“经验知识的对象”，先于认识者而存在，而文化差异则将文化视为两种或多种文化相遇的地方，也是大多数问题发生的地方，是推论建构的，而不是预先存在的，给定一个“将文化阐释为‘知识渊博’的过程”。[7]阐释（enunciation）是发生在第三空间（见下文）中的一种文化的表述、表达行为。由于文化从来不是预先给定的，所以它必须被说出来。文化差异是通过表达来发现和认识的。阐释过程通过在政治当下的新文化、意义、战略的表达，作为统治或抵抗的实践，在稳定参考系中的传统与对文化信念的否定之间产生了鸿沟。[7]

因此，文化差异是一个认同的过程，而文化多样性是一个比较和分类的过程。此外，正是这种差异和表达的可能性，可以将皮肤/文化的能指从种族类型学的禁锢中解放出来；然而，刻板印象（stereotype）阻碍了“种族”能指的流通和表达。殖民和后殖民话语的一个重要方面，是它们在建构他者时对“固定性”概念的依赖。固定意味着重复、僵硬和不变的秩序以及无序。刻板印象依赖于这种固定性概念。刻板印象创造了一种“身份”，这种身份既源于支配者的焦虑和捍卫，也源于支配者的掌控和愉悦，“因为它是一种多重、矛盾的信念，它承认差异又否认差异。”[7]

模拟 编辑

和巴巴的混杂性的概念类似，模拟是对在场的转喻。殖民社会的成员模仿并接受殖民者的文化时，就会出现模拟。雅各·拉岡称：“模拟的效果是伪装……这不是与背景协调的问题，而是在斑驳的背景下。”[7]殖民模拟来自殖民者对经过改革的、可辨识的、作为差异的主体的他者的渴望，正如巴巴所写：“几乎相同却不完全等同”（almost the same, but not quite）。因此，模拟是双重发声（double articulation）的标志，一种将权力可见化的同时挪用他者的策略。此外，模拟是不适合（inappropriate）的标志，是“一种差异或顽固，它凝聚了殖民权力的主导战略功能，加强了监视，并对‘标准化’知识和纪律权力都构成了迫在眉睫的威胁。”

这样一来，模拟赋予了殖民主体一种部分的在场，仿佛“殖民地”依赖于权威话语本身中自己的表征。[7]讽刺的是，殖民者希望在模拟中——通过书写和重复的过程——在这种部分表征（partial representation）中将自己作为“原真”。另一方面，巴巴没有将模拟解释为对殖民者的自恋认同，即认为被殖民者不再是像殖民者一样有行动能力的人。他认为模拟是一种“双重视野，它在揭示殖民话语的矛盾状态的同时，也打破了其权威。而这种双重视角是由于[他]所说的殖民客体的部分表征/辨识而产生的……它们也是加倍的形象，殖民欲望转喻的部分客体，疏远了那些主导话语的模式和常态，它们在这些话语中作为‘不适合’的殖民主体出现。”[7]

被殖民者的愿望被颠倒了，因为殖民挪用如今产生了殖民者在场的部分视野；来自他者的凝视与来自殖民者的凝视相呼应，它分享了继承的凝视的洞察力，这种凝视解放了边缘化的个体，打破了人的存在的统一，而人本来是借此扩展其主权的。因此，“观察者变成了被观察者，而‘部分’表征重新表达了身份的整个概念，并将其与本质疏远了。”[7]

第三空间 编辑

第三空间（Third Space）是一种模糊的区域，当两个或更多的个人、两种或更多的文化相互作用时，就会发展出这种空间（对比城市学家爱德华·索亚的第三空间概念）。它“挑战了我们对文化的历史认同感，即认为它是一种同质化、统一的力量，由原始的过去认证，在人民的民族传统中保持活力。”这个矛盾的话语领域，作为阐释的话语条件的场所，“取代了在同质、连续的时间内书写的西方叙事”。[7]它通过“破坏性的时间性阐释”来实现这一点。巴巴声称“文化陈述和体系是在这种对立和矛盾的阐释空间中建构的”。[7]因此，对文化的内在原始性或纯洁性的等级主张是无效的。阐释意味着文化没有固定性，甚至相同的符号也可以被挪用、翻译、再历史化和重新阅读。

影响 编辑

巴巴在后殖民理论方面的工作在很大程度上归功于後結構主義。巴巴所影响的重要人物和理论包括雅克·德里达和解構主義、雅各·拉岡和拉康精神分析学、米歇尔·福柯的话语性概念。[8][9]此外，在1995年接受W. J. T. Mitchell采访时，巴巴表示爱德华·萨义德是对他影响最大的作家。[8]在社会科学领域，爱德华·W·索亚（英语：Edward W. Soja）在巴巴的方法基础上，改变了理解空间、行动和表征的概念。

作品 编辑

书 编辑

包括编辑的书
  • Nation and Narration, Routledge (1990; ISBN 0415014824)
  • "A Good Judge of Character: Men, Metaphors, and the Common Culture" in Race-ing Justice, En-gendering Power: Essays on Anita Hill, Clarence Thomas, and the Construction of Social Reality, ed. Toni Morrison, Pantheon Books (1992; ISBN 9780679741459).
  • "In a Spirit of Calm Violence," in After Colonialism: Imperial Histories and Postcolonial Displacements, ed. Gyan Prakash, Princeton University Press (1994; ISBN 9781400821440).
  • The Location of Culture, Routledge (1994; ISBN 0415336392)
  • Negotiating Rapture: The Power of Art to Transform Lives, Museum of Contemporary Art (1996; ISBN 9780933856400)
  • Forward to Modernity, Culture, and The Jew, eds. Laura Marcus and Bryan Cheyette, Wiley (1998; ISBN 9780745620411).
  • "Conversational Art" in Conversations at the Castle: Changing Audiences and Contemporary Art, eds. Mary Jane Jacob and Michael Brenson, The MIT Press (1998; ISBN 9780262100724).
  • "Cosmopolitanisms" in Cosmopolitanism, co-ed. with Sheldon I. Pollock, Carol Breckenridge, Arjun Appadurai, and Dipesh Chakrabarty, (originally an issue of Public Culture), Duke University Press (2002; ISBN 9780822328995).
  • "On Cultural Choice," 2000.
  • "V.S. Naipaul," 2001
  • "Democracy De-Realized," 2002.
  • "On Writing Rights," 2003.
  • "Making Difference: The Legacy of the Culture Wars," Artforum 2003 (4).[10]
  • "Adagio," 2004.
  • "Still Life," 2004.
  • Foreword to The Wretched of the Earth by Frantz Fanon, transl. Richard Philcox, 2004.
  • Edward Said Continuing the Conversation, co-ed. with W. J. T. Mitchell (originally an issue of Critical Inquiry), University of Chicago Press (2004; ISBN 0226532038).
  • "Framing Fanon," 2005.
  • Without Boundary: Seventeen Ways of Looking, with Fereshteh Daftari and Orhan Pamuk, The Museum of Modern Art (2006; ISBN 9780870700859).
  • "The Black Savant and the Dark Princess," 2006.
  • Our Neighbours, Ourselves: Contemporary Reflections on Survival, Walter de Gruyter (2011; ISBN 9783110262445)
  • Anish Kapoor, Flammarion (2011; ISBN 9782080200839)
  • Midnight to the Boom: Painting in India After Independence, Peabody Essex Museum (2013; ISBN 9780500238936)
  • Matthew Barney: River of Fundament, Okwui Enwezor, Hilton Als, Diedrich Diederichsen, David Walsh, Skira (2014; ISBN 9780847842582)

论文 编辑

  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Apologies for Poetry: A Study in the Method of Mill and Richards." Journal of the School of Languages [New Delhi] 3.1 (1975): 71–88.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Parthasarathy, R. "Indo-Anglican attitudes." TLS, Times literary supplement 3 (1978): 136.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "The Other Question…." Screen (November—December 1983), 24(6), 18–36.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Representation and the colonial text: a critical exploration of some forms of mimeticism." The Theory of reading. Ed. Frank Gloversmith. Brighton, Sussex: Harvester Press, 1984.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Remembering Fanon. Introduction to the English edition of Black skin white mask." Black skin white mask. London: Pluto Press, 1986.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "'What does the Black man want?'." New Formations 1 (1987): 118–130.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Remembering Fanon: self, psyche, and the colonial condition." Remaking history. Ed. Barbara Kruger and Phil Mariani. Seattle: Bay Press, 1989.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Hybridité, identité et culture contemporaine." Magiciens de la terre. Ed. Jean Hubert Martin. Paris: Editions du Centre Pompidou, 1989.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "At the limits." Artforum 27.9 (1989): 11–12.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Imaginings." New statesman & society 2.70 (1989): 45–47.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Articulating the archaic: notes on colonial nonsense." Literary theory today. Ed. Peter Collier and Helga Geyer-Ryan. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1990.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "The other question: difference, discrimination and the discourse of colonialism." Out there: marginalization and contemporary cultures. Ed. Russell. New York: New Museum of Contemporary Art, 1990.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Interrogating identity: the postcolonial prerogative." Anatomy of racism. Ed. David Theo Goldberg. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1990.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "DissemiNation: time, narrative, and the margins of the modern nation." Nation and narration. Ed. Homi K. Bhabha. London; New York: Routledge, 1990.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Novel metropolis." New statesman society 3.88 (1990): 16.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "A question of survival: nations and psychic states." Psychoanalysis and cultural theory: thresholds. Ed. James Donald. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Art and National Identity: A Critics' Symposium." Art in America 79.9 (1991): 80-.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "'Race', time and the revision of modernity." The Oxford Literary Review 13.1-2 (1991): 193–219.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Postcolonial criticism." Redrawing the boundaries: the transformation of English and American literary studies. Ed. Stephen Greenblatt and Giles B. Gunn. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 1992.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Of mimicry and man: the ambivalence of colonial discourse." Modern literary theory: a reader. Ed. Philip; Waugh Rice, Patricia. 2nd ed. ed. London; New York: E. Arnold, 1992.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "A good judge of character: men, metaphors, and the common culture." Race-ing justice, en-gendering power: Essays on Anita Hill, Clarence Thomas, and the construction of social reality. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Pantheon Books, 1992.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Postcolonial authority and postmodern guilt." Cultural Studies. Ed. Lawrence Grossberg, Cary Nelson, and Paula A. Treichler. New York: Routledge, 1992.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Double visions." Artforum 30.5 (1992): 85–59.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Freedom's basis in the indeterminate." October 61 (1992): 46–57.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "The world and the home." Social text 10.2-3 (1992): 141–153.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Beyond the pale: art in the age of multicultural translation." Cultural diversity in the arts: art, art policies and the facelift of Europe. Ed. Ria Lavrijsen. Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute, 1993.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Culture's in between." Artforum 32.1 (1993): 167–170.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "The commitment to theory." Questions of third cinema. Ed. Jim Pines and Paul Willemen. London: BFI Pub., 1994.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Frontlines / borderposts." Displacements: cultural identities in question. Ed. Angelika Bammer. Bloomington: Indiana University Press: Indiana University Press, 1994.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Remembering Fanon: self, psyche and the colonial condition." Colonial discourse and post-colonial theory: a reader. Ed. R. J. Patrick Williams and Laura Chrisman. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "The enchantment of art." The artist in society: rights, roles, and responsibilities. Ed. Kathy Becker, Carol Acker, and Ann Wiens. Chicago: Chicago New Art Association, New Art Examiner Press, 1995.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Are you a man or a mouse?" Constructing masculinity. Ed. Maurice Berger, Brian Wallis, Simon Watson, and Carrie Weems. New York: Routledge, 1995.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Homi Bhabha on the New Black Intellectual." Artforum international 34.2 (1995): 16–17.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Dance this diss around." Artforum 33.8 (1995): 19–20.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "[Dialogues with Homi Bhabha, et al.]." The fact of blackness: Frantz Fanon and visual representation. Ed. Alan Read. Seattle: Bay Press, 1996.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Postmodernism/postcolonialism." Critical terms for art history. Ed. Robert S. Nelson and Richard Shiff. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Unpacking my library ... again." The post-colonial question: common skies, divided horizons. Ed. Iain Chambers and Lidia Curti. London; New York: Routledge, 1996.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Day by day . . . with Frantz Fanon." The fact of blackness. Ed. Alan Read. Seattle: Bay Press, 1996.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Laughing stock." Artforum 35.2 (1996): 15–17.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Unsatisfied: notes on vernacular cosmopolitanism." Text and Nation: Cross-Disciplinary Essays on Cultural and National Identities. Ed. Laura Garcia-Moreno and Peter C. Pfeiffer. Columbia, SC: Camden House, 1996. 191–207.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "World and the home." Dangerous liaisons: gender, nation, and postcolonial perspectives. Ed. Anne McClintock, Aamir Mufti, and Ella Shohat. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Postscript: bombs away in front-line suburbia." Visions of suburbia. Ed. Roger Silverstone. London; New York: Routledge, 1997.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Designer creations." Artforum 36.4 (1997): 11–14.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "[Reviews of: Colonialism and its Forms of Knowledge: The British in India; and Subaltern Studies, vol. 9, Writings on South Asian History and Society]." TLS. Times Literary Supplement. 4923 (1997): 14–15.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Halfway house." Artforum 35.9 (1997): 11–13.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Queen's English." Artforum 35.7 (1997): 25–27.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Front lines / border posts." Critical inquiry 23.3 (1997).
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Dance this diss around." The crisis of criticism. Ed. Maurice Berger. New York: New Press, 1998.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "The white stuff." Artforum 36.9 (1998): 21–23.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "On the irremovable strangeness of being different [one of "Four views of ethnicity"]." PMLA 113.1 (1998): 34-39.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Liberalism's sacred cow." Is multiculturalism bad for women? Ed. Susan Moller Okin and Joshua Cohen. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1999.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. (interviewer). "Alter/Native Modernities - Miniaturizing Modernity: Shahzia Sikander in Conversation with Homi K Bhabha." Public culture: bulletin of the Project for Transnational Cultural Studies 11.1 (1999): 146–152.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. "Afterword: an ironic act of courage." Milton and the imperial vision. Ed. Rajan Balachandra and Elizabeth Sauer. Pittsburgh, Pa: Duquesne University Press, 1999.
  • Bhabha, Homi K.; Dudiker, Karsten (trans.). "'Angst' in kultureller Ubersetzung." Heterotopien der Identitat: Literatur in interamerikanischen Kontaktzonen. Ed. Hermann Herlinghaus; Utz Riese. Heidelberg, Germany: Carl Winter Universitatsverlag, 1999. 83–97.

访谈 编辑

  • Koundoura, Maria; Rai, Amit. "Interview: Homi Bhabha." Stanford humanities review 3.1 (1993): 1–6.
  • Bennett, David, and Collits, Terry. "Postcolonial critic: Homi Bhabha interviewed by David Bennett and Terry Collits." Literary India: comparative studies in aesthetics, colonialism, and culture. Ed. Patrick Colm Hogan; Lalita Pandit. SUNY series in Hindu studies. Albany: State Univ. of New York, 1995.
  • Mitchell, W.J.T. "Translator translated (interview with cultural theorist Homi Bhabha)." Artforum 33.7 (1995): 80–84.
  • Hall, Gary; Wortham, Simon. "Rethinking Authority: Interview with Homi K. Bhabha." Angelaki 2.2 (1996): 59–63.

一般批评 编辑

  • Thompson, Paul. “Between identities: Homi Bhabha interviewed by Paul Thompson.” Migration and identity. Ed. Rina Benmayor, Andor Skotnes. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1984.
  • Xie, Shaobo. “Writing on boundaries: Homi Bhabha's recent essays.” ARIEL: A review of International English literature 27.4 (1996): 155–166.
  • Leonard, Philip. "Degenerescent Lections: Legal Fictions in Rushdie, Derrida, and Bhabha." New Formations: A Journal of Culture, Theory & Politics 32 (1997): 109–119.
  • Easthope, Anthony. "Bhabha, hybridity, and identity." Textual practice 12.2 (1998): 341–348.
  • Fludernik, Monika. "The constitution of hybridity: postcolonial interventions." Hybridity and postcolonialism: twentieth-century Indian literature. Ed. Monika Fludernik. Tübingen, Germany: Stauffenburg, 1998. 19–53.
  • Phillips, Lawrence. "Lost in Space: Siting/Citing the In-Between of Homi Bhabha's The Location of Culture." Jouvert: A Journal of Postcolonial Studies 2.2 (1998).
  • Perloff, Marjorie. "Cultural liminality / Aesthetic closure?: The interstitial perspective of Homi Bhabha."
  • Ray, Sangeeta. “The nation in performance: Bhabha, Mukherjee and Kureishi.” Hybridity and postcolonialism: twentieth-century Indian literature. Ed. Monika Fludernik. Tübingen, Germany: Stauffenburg, 1998. 219–238.

参见 编辑

参考文献 编辑

  1. ^ Peter Hallward, Absolutely Postcolonial: Writing Between the Singular and the Specific, Manchester University Press, 2001, p. 25.
  2. ^ Huddart, David. "Homi K. Bhabha", Routledge Critical Thinkers, 2006
  3. ^ Padma Awards. pib. 27 January 2013 [27 January 2013]. 
  4. ^ Eakin, Emily. Harvard's Prize Catch, a Delphic Postcolonialist. The New York Times. 17 November 2001 [10 March 2019]. ISSN 0362-4331 （美国英语）. 
  5. ^ Jim B. Parsons, Kelly J. Harding, 'Post-Colonial Theory and Action Research', in: Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry 2 (2011), nr. 2, p. 1-6.
  6. ^ Abdennebi Ben Beya. Mimicry, Ambivalence and Hybridity. Postcolonial Studies @ Emory. c. 1998 [20 August 2012]. 
  7. ^ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 Bhabha, Homi K. The Location of Culture. London: Routledge, 1994.
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 CM2004 Article: Grimstad 互联网档案馆的，存档日期17 December 2006.
  9. ^ W. J. T. Mitchell, "Translator translated" (interview with cultural theorist Homi Bhabha). Artforum v.33, n.7 (March 1995):80-84.
  10. ^ Making Difference: The Legacy of the Culture Wars. 

十月 05, 2023
霍米, 巴巴, 此条目的主題是后殖民主义理论家homi, bhabha, 关于印度核物理学家homi, jehangir, bhabha, 請見, 霍米, 贾汗季, 巴巴, 霍米, 巴巴, 英語, homi, kharshedji, bhabha, 1949年11月1日, 是印度裔英国学者和批判理论家, 他是哈佛大学anne, rothenberg人文学科教授, 是当代后殖民研究代表人物之一, 在该领域提出了许多关键术语和概念, 例如混杂性, hybridity, 模拟, mimicry, 差异, differen. 此条目的主題是后殖民主义理论家Homi K Bhabha 关于印度核物理学家Homi Jehangir Bhabha 請見 霍米 贾汗季 巴巴 霍米 K 巴巴 英語 Homi Kharshedji Bhabha 1949年11月1日 是印度裔英国学者和批判理论家 他是哈佛大学Anne F Rothenberg人文学科教授 是当代后殖民研究代表人物之一 在该领域提出了许多关键术语和概念 例如混杂性 hybridity 模拟 mimicry 差异 difference 和矛盾状态 ambivalence 2 在巴巴的理论中 这些术语描述了被殖民者反抗殖民者权力的方式 2012年 他获得印度政府颁发的文学和教育领域的莲花装勋章奖 3 他与律师兼哈佛大学讲师杰奎琳 巴巴 英语 Jacqueline Bhabha 结婚 育有三个孩子 4 霍米 K 巴巴原文名Homi K Bhabha出生 1949 11 01 1949年11月1日 73歲 印度自治领孟買邦孟买 今印度马哈拉施特拉邦孟买 配偶杰奎琳 巴巴 英语 Jacqueline Bhabha 儿女二子 Ishan Satya 一女 Leah學術背景母校孟买圣玛丽学校 英语 St Mary s School Mumbai 孟買大學 牛津大学基督堂学院學術工作学派或传统后殖民主义後結構主義研究機構萨塞克斯大学普林斯顿大学哈佛大学主要領域思想史 文學著名思想作为被压迫者反抗压迫者的一种策略的混杂性 hybridity 作为殖民服从策略的模拟 mimicry 第三空间 后殖民时期 阐释 的现在 1 目录 1 理论 1 1 混杂性 1 2 矛盾状态 1 3 文化差异 阐释和刻板印象 1 4 模拟 1 5 第三空间 1 6 影响 2 作品 2 1 书 2 2 论文 2 3 访谈 2 4 一般批评 3 参见 4 参考文献理论 编辑混杂性 编辑 混杂性 hybridity 是巴巴的核心思想之一 其借鉴了爱德华 萨义德的著作 用于描述多元文化主义中新文化形式的出现 巴巴并不将殖民主义视为过去的事 而是展示了殖民历史和文化如何不断侵入现在 从而要求我们转变对跨文化关系的理解 他对殖民文本应用了後結構主義方法论 改变了对殖民主义的研究 5 6 矛盾状态 编辑 矛盾状态 ambivalence 这一概念认为文化由对立的观念和维度组成 巴巴称 这种矛盾状态 被殖民的他者的身份分裂的二元性 使得固有文化身份和殖民者文化身份的混杂体成为可能 矛盾状态是殖民权力出现迟滞特征的原因之一 权威的殖民能指只有在 殖民地差异 文化或种族的创伤性场景 使权力之眼回归到一些先前的古老形象或身份 之后 才获得它们的意义 然而 矛盾的是 这样的图像既不能是 原始的 因为构建它的重复行为 也不能是相同的 因为定义其自身的差异 7 因此 殖民的在场仍然是处于矛盾状态的 在其原始和权威的外观与重复和差异的表达之间产生分裂 7 这打开了殖民话语的两个维度 以发明和掌握为特征的维度 以及以取代和幻想为特征的维度 文化差异 阐释和刻板印象 编辑 巴巴将文化差异 cultural difference 视为文化多样性 cultural diversity 的替代方案 在文化多样性中 文化是 经验知识的对象 先于认识者而存在 而文化差异则将文化视为两种或多种文化相遇的地方 也是大多数问题发生的地方 是推论建构的 而不是预先存在的 给定一个 将文化阐释为 知识渊博 的过程 7 阐释 enunciation 是发生在第三空间 见下文 中的一种文化的表述 表达行为 由于文化从来不是预先给定的 所以它必须被说出来 文化差异是通过表达来发现和认识的 阐释过程通过在政治当下的新文化 意义 战略的表达 作为统治或抵抗的实践 在稳定参考系中的传统与对文化信念的否定之间产生了鸿沟 7 因此 文化差异是一个认同的过程 而文化多样性是一个比较和分类的过程 此外 正是这种差异和表达的可能性 可以将皮肤 文化的能指从种族类型学的禁锢中解放出来 然而 刻板印象 stereotype 阻碍了 种族 能指的流通和表达 殖民和后殖民话语的一个重要方面 是它们在建构他者时对 固定性 概念的依赖 固定意味着重复 僵硬和不变的秩序以及无序 刻板印象依赖于这种固定性概念 刻板印象创造了一种 身份 这种身份既源于支配者的焦虑和捍卫 也源于支配者的掌控和愉悦 因为它是一种多重 矛盾的信念 它承认差异又否认差异 7 模拟 编辑 和巴巴的混杂性的概念类似 模拟是对在场的转喻 殖民社会的成员模仿并接受殖民者的文化时 就会出现模拟 雅各 拉岡称 模拟的效果是伪装 这不是与背景协调的问题 而是在斑驳的背景下 7 殖民模拟来自殖民者对经过改革的 可辨识的 作为差异的主体的他者的渴望 正如巴巴所写 几乎相同却不完全等同 almost the same but not quite 因此 模拟是双重发声 double articulation 的标志 一种将权力可见化的同时挪用他者的策略 此外 模拟是不适合 inappropriate 的标志 是 一种差异或顽固 它凝聚了殖民权力的主导战略功能 加强了监视 并对 标准化 知识和纪律权力都构成了迫在眉睫的威胁 这样一来 模拟赋予了殖民主体一种部分的在场 仿佛 殖民地 依赖于权威话语本身中自己的表征 7 讽刺的是 殖民者希望在模拟中 通过书写和重复的过程 在这种部分表征 partial representation 中将自己作为 原真 另一方面 巴巴没有将模拟解释为对殖民者的自恋认同 即认为被殖民者不再是像殖民者一样有行动能力的人 他认为模拟是一种 双重视野 它在揭示殖民话语的矛盾状态的同时 也打破了其权威 而这种双重视角是由于 他 所说的殖民客体的部分表征 辨识而产生的 它们也是加倍的形象 殖民欲望转喻的部分客体 疏远了那些主导话语的模式和常态 它们在这些话语中作为 不适合 的殖民主体出现 7 被殖民者的愿望被颠倒了 因为殖民挪用如今产生了殖民者在场的部分视野 来自他者的凝视与来自殖民者的凝视相呼应 它分享了继承的凝视的洞察力 这种凝视解放了边缘化的个体 打破了人的存在的统一 而人本来是借此扩展其主权的 因此 观察者变成了被观察者 而 部分 表征重新表达了身份的整个概念 并将其与本质疏远了 7 第三空间 编辑 第三空间 Third Space 是一种模糊的区域 当两个或更多的个人 两种或更多的文化相互作用时 就会发展出这种空间 对比城市学家爱德华 索亚的第三空间概念 它 挑战了我们对文化的历史认同感 即认为它是一种同质化 统一的力量 由原始的过去认证 在人民的民族传统中保持活力 这个矛盾的话语领域 作为阐释的话语条件的场所 取代了在同质 连续的时间内书写的西方叙事 7 它通过 破坏性的时间性阐释 来实现这一点 巴巴声称 文化陈述和体系是在这种对立和矛盾的阐释空间中建构的 7 因此 对文化的内在原始性或纯洁性的等级主张是无效的 阐释意味着文化没有固定性 甚至相同的符号也可以被挪用 翻译 再历史化和重新阅读 影响 编辑 巴巴在后殖民理论方面的工作在很大程度上归功于後結構主義 巴巴所影响的重要人物和理论包括雅克 德里达和解構主義 雅各 拉岡和拉康精神分析学 米歇尔 福柯的话语性概念 8 9 此外 在1995年接受W J T Mitchell采访时 巴巴表示爱德华 萨义德是对他影响最大的作家 8 在社会科学领域 爱德华 W 索亚 英语 Edward W Soja 在巴巴的方法基础上 改变了理解空间 行动和表征的概念 作品 编辑书 编辑 包括编辑的书Nation and Narration Routledge 1990 ISBN 0415014824 A Good Judge of Character Men Metaphors and the Common Culture in Race ing Justice En gendering Power Essays on Anita Hill Clarence Thomas and the Construction of Social Reality ed Toni Morrison Pantheon Books 1992 ISBN 9780679741459 In a Spirit of Calm Violence in After Colonialism Imperial Histories and Postcolonial Displacements ed Gyan Prakash Princeton University Press 1994 ISBN 9781400821440 The Location of Culture Routledge 1994 ISBN 0415336392 Negotiating Rapture The Power of Art to Transform Lives Museum of Contemporary Art 1996 ISBN 9780933856400 Forward to Modernity Culture and The Jew eds Laura Marcus and Bryan Cheyette Wiley 1998 ISBN 9780745620411 Conversational Art in Conversations at the Castle Changing Audiences and Contemporary Art eds Mary Jane Jacob and Michael Brenson The MIT Press 1998 ISBN 9780262100724 Cosmopolitanisms in Cosmopolitanism co ed with Sheldon I Pollock Carol Breckenridge Arjun Appadurai and Dipesh Chakrabarty originally an issue of Public Culture Duke University Press 2002 ISBN 9780822328995 On Cultural Choice 2000 V S Naipaul 2001 Democracy De Realized 2002 On Writing Rights 2003 Making Difference The Legacy of the Culture Wars Artforum 2003 4 10 Adagio 2004 Still Life 2004 Foreword to The Wretched of the Earth by Frantz Fanon transl Richard Philcox 2004 Edward Said Continuing the Conversation co ed with W J T Mitchell originally an issue of Critical Inquiry University of Chicago Press 2004 ISBN 0226532038 Framing Fanon 2005 Without Boundary Seventeen Ways of Looking with Fereshteh Daftari and Orhan Pamuk The Museum of Modern Art 2006 ISBN 9780870700859 The Black Savant and the Dark Princess 2006 Our Neighbours Ourselves Contemporary Reflections on Survival Walter de Gruyter 2011 ISBN 9783110262445 Anish Kapoor Flammarion 2011 ISBN 9782080200839 Midnight to the Boom Painting in India After Independence Peabody Essex Museum 2013 ISBN 9780500238936 Matthew Barney River of Fundament Okwui Enwezor Hilton Als Diedrich Diederichsen David Walsh Skira 2014 ISBN 9780847842582 论文 编辑 Bhabha Homi K Apologies for Poetry A Study in the Method of Mill and Richards Journal of the School of Languages New Delhi 3 1 1975 71 88 Bhabha Homi K Parthasarathy R Indo Anglican attitudes TLS Times literary supplement 3 1978 136 Bhabha Homi K The Other Question Screen November December 1983 24 6 18 36 Bhabha Homi K Representation and the colonial text a critical exploration of some forms of mimeticism The Theory of reading Ed Frank Gloversmith Brighton Sussex Harvester Press 1984 Bhabha Homi K Remembering Fanon Introduction to the English edition of Black skin white mask Black skin white mask London Pluto Press 1986 Bhabha Homi K What does the Black man want New Formations 1 1987 118 130 Bhabha Homi K Remembering Fanon self psyche and the colonial condition Remaking history Ed Barbara Kruger and Phil Mariani Seattle Bay Press 1989 Bhabha Homi K Hybridite identite et culture contemporaine Magiciens de la terre Ed Jean Hubert Martin Paris Editions du Centre Pompidou 1989 Bhabha Homi K At the limits Artforum 27 9 1989 11 12 Bhabha Homi K Imaginings New statesman amp society 2 70 1989 45 47 Bhabha Homi K Articulating the archaic notes on colonial nonsense Literary theory today Ed Peter Collier and Helga Geyer Ryan Ithaca N Y Cornell University Press 1990 Bhabha Homi K The other question difference discrimination and the discourse of colonialism Out there marginalization and contemporary cultures Ed Russell New York New Museum of Contemporary Art 1990 Bhabha Homi K Interrogating identity the postcolonial prerogative Anatomy of racism Ed David Theo Goldberg Minneapolis University of Minnesota Press 1990 Bhabha Homi K DissemiNation time narrative and the margins of the modern nation Nation and narration Ed Homi K Bhabha London New York Routledge 1990 Bhabha Homi K Novel metropolis New statesman society 3 88 1990 16 Bhabha Homi K A question of survival nations and psychic states Psychoanalysis and cultural theory thresholds Ed James Donald New York St Martin s Press 1991 Bhabha Homi K Art and National Identity A Critics Symposium Art in America 79 9 1991 80 Bhabha Homi K Race time and the revision of modernity The Oxford Literary Review 13 1 2 1991 193 219 Bhabha Homi K Postcolonial criticism Redrawing the boundaries the transformation of English and American literary studies Ed Stephen Greenblatt and Giles B Gunn New York Modern Language Association of America 1992 Bhabha Homi K Of mimicry and man the ambivalence of colonial discourse Modern literary theory a reader Ed Philip Waugh Rice Patricia 2nd ed ed London New York E Arnold 1992 Bhabha Homi K A good judge of character men metaphors and the common culture Race ing justice en gendering power Essays on Anita Hill Clarence Thomas and the construction of social reality Ed Toni Morrison New York Pantheon Books 1992 Bhabha Homi K Postcolonial authority and postmodern guilt Cultural Studies Ed Lawrence Grossberg Cary Nelson and Paula A Treichler New York Routledge 1992 Bhabha Homi K Double visions Artforum 30 5 1992 85 59 Bhabha Homi K Freedom s basis in the indeterminate October 61 1992 46 57 Bhabha Homi K The world and the home Social text 10 2 3 1992 141 153 Bhabha Homi K Beyond the pale art in the age of multicultural translation Cultural diversity in the arts art art policies and the facelift of Europe Ed Ria Lavrijsen Amsterdam Royal Tropical Institute 1993 Bhabha Homi K Culture s in between Artforum 32 1 1993 167 170 Bhabha Homi K The commitment to theory Questions of third cinema Ed Jim Pines and Paul Willemen London BFI Pub 1994 Bhabha Homi K Frontlines borderposts Displacements cultural identities in question Ed Angelika Bammer Bloomington Indiana University Press Indiana University Press 1994 Bhabha Homi K Remembering Fanon self psyche and the colonial condition Colonial discourse and post colonial theory a reader Ed R J Patrick Williams and Laura Chrisman New York Columbia University Press 1994 Bhabha Homi K The enchantment of art The artist in society rights roles and responsibilities Ed Kathy Becker Carol Acker and Ann Wiens Chicago Chicago New Art Association New Art Examiner Press 1995 Bhabha Homi K Are you a man or a mouse Constructing masculinity Ed Maurice Berger Brian Wallis Simon Watson and Carrie Weems New York Routledge 1995 Bhabha Homi K Homi Bhabha on the New Black Intellectual Artforum international 34 2 1995 16 17 Bhabha Homi K Dance this diss around Artforum 33 8 1995 19 20 Bhabha Homi K Dialogues with Homi Bhabha et al The fact of blackness Frantz Fanon and visual representation Ed Alan Read Seattle Bay Press 1996 Bhabha Homi K Postmodernism postcolonialism Critical terms for art history Ed Robert S Nelson and Richard Shiff Chicago University of Chicago Press 1996 Bhabha Homi K Unpacking my library again The post colonial question common skies divided horizons Ed Iain Chambers and Lidia Curti London New York Routledge 1996 Bhabha Homi K Day by day with Frantz Fanon The fact of blackness Ed Alan Read Seattle Bay Press 1996 Bhabha Homi K Laughing stock Artforum 35 2 1996 15 17 Bhabha Homi K Unsatisfied notes on vernacular cosmopolitanism Text and Nation Cross Disciplinary Essays on Cultural and National Identities Ed Laura Garcia Moreno and Peter C Pfeiffer Columbia SC Camden House 1996 191 207 Bhabha Homi K World and the home Dangerous liaisons gender nation and postcolonial perspectives Ed Anne McClintock Aamir Mufti and Ella Shohat Minneapolis University of Minnesota Press 1997 Bhabha Homi K Postscript bombs away in front line suburbia Visions of suburbia Ed Roger Silverstone London New York Routledge 1997 Bhabha Homi K Designer creations Artforum 36 4 1997 11 14 Bhabha Homi K Reviews of Colonialism and its Forms of Knowledge The British in India and Subaltern Studies vol 9 Writings on South Asian History and Society TLS Times Literary Supplement 4923 1997 14 15 Bhabha Homi K Halfway house Artforum 35 9 1997 11 13 Bhabha Homi K Queen s English Artforum 35 7 1997 25 27 Bhabha Homi K Front lines border posts Critical inquiry 23 3 1997 Bhabha Homi K Dance this diss around The crisis of criticism Ed Maurice Berger New York New Press 1998 Bhabha Homi K The white stuff Artforum 36 9 1998 21 23 Bhabha Homi K On the irremovable strangeness of being different one of Four views of ethnicity PMLA 113 1 1998 34 39 Bhabha Homi K Liberalism s sacred cow Is multiculturalism bad for women Ed Susan Moller Okin and Joshua Cohen Princeton N J Princeton University Press 1999 Bhabha Homi K interviewer Alter Native Modernities Miniaturizing Modernity Shahzia Sikander in Conversation with Homi K Bhabha Public culture bulletin of the Project for Transnational Cultural Studies 11 1 1999 146 152 Bhabha Homi K Afterword an ironic act of courage Milton and the imperial vision Ed Rajan Balachandra and Elizabeth Sauer Pittsburgh Pa Duquesne University Press 1999 Bhabha Homi K Dudiker Karsten trans Angst in kultureller Ubersetzung Heterotopien der Identitat Literatur in interamerikanischen Kontaktzonen Ed Hermann Herlinghaus Utz Riese Heidelberg Germany Carl Winter Universitatsverlag 1999 83 97 访谈 编辑 Koundoura Maria Rai Amit Interview Homi Bhabha Stanford humanities review 3 1 1993 1 6 Bennett David and Collits Terry Postcolonial critic Homi Bhabha interviewed by David Bennett and Terry Collits Literary India comparative studies in aesthetics colonialism and culture Ed Patrick Colm Hogan Lalita Pandit SUNY series in Hindu studies Albany State Univ of New York 1995 Mitchell W J T Translator translated interview with cultural theorist Homi Bhabha Artforum 33 7 1995 80 84 Hall Gary Wortham Simon Rethinking Authority Interview with Homi K Bhabha Angelaki 2 2 1996 59 63 一般批评 编辑 Thompson Paul Between identities Homi Bhabha interviewed by Paul Thompson Migration and identity Ed Rina Benmayor Andor Skotnes Oxford New York Oxford University Press 1984 Xie Shaobo Writing on boundaries Homi Bhabha s recent essays ARIEL A review of International English literature 27 4 1996 155 166 Leonard Philip Degenerescent Lections Legal Fictions in Rushdie Derrida and Bhabha New Formations A Journal of Culture Theory amp Politics 32 1997 109 119 Easthope Anthony Bhabha hybridity and identity Textual practice 12 2 1998 341 348 Fludernik Monika The constitution of hybridity postcolonial interventions Hybridity and postcolonialism twentieth century Indian literature Ed Monika Fludernik Tubingen Germany Stauffenburg 1998 19 53 Phillips Lawrence Lost in Space Siting Citing the In Between of Homi Bhabha s The Location of Culture Jouvert A Journal of Postcolonial Studies 2 2 1998 Perloff Marjorie Cultural liminality Aesthetic closure The interstitial perspective of Homi Bhabha Ray Sangeeta The nation in performance Bhabha Mukherjee and Kureishi Hybridity and postcolonialism twentieth century Indian literature Ed Monika Fludernik Tubingen Germany Stauffenburg 1998 219 238 参见 编辑后殖民主义 後結構主義 后现代主义参考文献 编辑 Peter Hallward Absolutely Postcolonial Writing Between the Singular and the Specific Manchester University Press 2001 p 25 Huddart David Homi K Bhabha Routledge Critical Thinkers 2006 Padma Awards pib 27 January 2013 27 January 2013 Eakin Emily Harvard s Prize Catch a Delphic Postcolonialist The New York Times 17 November 2001 10 March 2019 ISSN 0362 4331 美国英语 Jim B Parsons Kelly J Harding Post Colonial Theory and Action Research in Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry 2 2011 nr 2 p 1 6 Abdennebi Ben Beya Mimicry Ambivalence and Hybridity Postcolonial Studies Emory c 1998 20 August 2012 7 00 7 01 7 02 7 03 7 04 7 05 7 06 7 07 7 08 7 09 7 10 Bhabha Homi K The Location of Culture London Routledge 1994 8 0 8 1 CM2004 Article Grimstad 互联网档案馆的存檔 存档日期17 December 2006 W J T Mitchell Translator translated interview with cultural theorist Homi Bhabha Artforum v 33 n 7 March 1995 80 84 Making Difference The Legacy of the Culture Wars 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 霍米 巴巴 amp oldid 77600317, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，

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