^Lamiales（脣形目） （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆），Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 12, July 2012.（擷取於2013-08-24）。
^Jiratthi Satthaphorn, Alan J. Paton and Charan Leeratiwong. 2022. Clerodendrum peninsulare, A New Species of Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae) from Thailand and A Note on C. palmatolobatum. Kew Bulletin. DOI: 10.1007/s12225-022-10000-z
^Jiratthi Satthaphorn, Alan J. Paton and Charan Leeratiwong. 2021. Clerodendrum angustipetalum, A New Species of Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae) from Thailand. Phytotaxa. 2(491); 177-183. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.491.2.7
参考书目编辑
Flora of China Editorial Committee. 1994. Flora of China: Verbenaceae, Clerodendrum（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. 17: 34–43. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Version 12, July 2012 [and more or less continuously updated since]. (cached 2013.08.24)
YANG Yuen-Po , LU Sheng-You and CHEN Tien-Tsai. 1998. 127. Verbenaceae （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Flora of Taiwan, second edition (台灣植物誌第二版). 4: 416-420.
十一月 04, 2023
大青属, 学名, clerodendrum, 或海州常山屬, 是唇形目唇形科的植物, 本屬在1990年代之前, 傳統上被歸類到馬鞭草科, 多數種類是重要的草藥, 其特殊的花形態亦是常見的園藝品種, 爬藤大青, clerodendron, thomsoniae科学分类界, 植物界, plantae演化支, 维管植物, tracheophyta演化支, 被子植物, angiosperms演化支, 真双子叶植物, eudicots演化支, 菊类植物, asterids目, 唇形目, lamiales科, 唇形科, lam. 大青属 1 学名 Clerodendrum 或海州常山屬 2 是唇形目唇形科的植物 本屬在1990年代之前 傳統上被歸類到馬鞭草科 多數種類是重要的草藥 其特殊的花形態亦是常見的園藝品種 大青属爬藤大青 Clerodendron thomsoniae科学分类界 植物界 Plantae演化支 维管植物 Tracheophyta演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms演化支 真双子叶植物 Eudicots演化支 菊类植物 Asterids目 唇形目 Lamiales科 唇形科 Lamiaceae亚科 筋骨草亚科 Ajugoideae属 大青属 Clerodendrum L 1753模式種欠愉大青Clerodendrum infortunatumL 1753多样性逾300种異名Adelosa BlumeAgricolaea SchrankArchboldia E Beer amp H J LamBellevalia Scop Cleianthus Lour ex B A GomesClerodendron CryptanthusOsbeck DuglassiaHoust EgenaRaf MarurangAdans MontalbaniaNeck PatulixRafinesque 1840 SiphoboeaBaill SiphonanthusL TorreyaSpreng ValdiaBoehm VolkmanniaJacq 属名Clerodendrum源于希腊语kleros 机会 和dendron 树木 的合成词 目录 1 形態 2 分布 3 分类 4 參考文獻 4 1 参考书目形態 编辑灌木或小喬木 少見亞灌木或草本 直立 少見攀緣性 落葉性或常綠 小分枝幼時常呈四方莖 橫切面為四方形 單葉對生 少見輪生 1 花序為稀疏的聚繖狀或頭狀 頂端生長 少見腋生的聚傘圓錐花序 萼鐘形或杯狀 5齒突或5裂瓣 花冠具細長花管 花瓣5枚 展開狀 雄蕊4枚 多少突出於花冠之外 子房4室 胚珠垂懸或著生於子房壁側邊 柱頭呈二瓣 尖 1 果萼多少平展 核果具4枚單一種子的小核果 有時分裂為二個合二室的半果或四個單室的半果 1 分布 编辑本屬約四百種 大部份的種類分布於熱帶及亞熱帶 少數及於亞洲 非洲 美洲的温帶地區 中國產34種 1 分类 编辑大青屬約400種 或150種 3 下列為主要產於中國的品種 1 No 學名 中文俗名 備註 图像1 Clerodendrum brachystemon 短蕊大青 2 Clerodendrum bracteatum 苞花大青 3 Clerodendrum bungei 臭牡丹 3 1 Clerodendrum bungei var bungei 臭牡丹 3 2 Clerodendrum bungei var megacalyx 大萼臭牡丹 4 Clerodendrum canescens 灰毛大青 5 Clerodendrum capitatum 6 Clerodendrum chinense 重瓣臭茉莉 6 1 Clerodendrum chinense var chinense 重瓣臭茉莉 6 2 Clerodendrum chinense var simplex 臭茉莉 7 Clerodendrum colebrookianum 腺茉莉 8 Clerodendrum confine 川黔大青 9 Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum 大青 9 1 Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum var cyrtophyllum 大青 9 2 Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum var kwangsiense 广西大青 10 Clerodendrum ervatamioides 狗牙大青 11 Clerodendrum fortunatum 白花灯笼 12 Clerodendrum fragrans 13 Clerodendrum garrettianum 泰国垂茉莉 14 Clerodendrum glabrum 15 Clerodendrum griffithianum 西垂茉莉 16 Clerodendrum hainanense 海南赬桐 17 Clerodendrum henryi 南垂茉莉 18 Clerodendrum heterophyllum 19 Clerodendrum indicum 长管大青 20 Clerodendrum inerme 苦郎树 21 Clerodendrum intermedium 墾丁苦林盤 22 Clerodendrum japonicum 赬桐 nbsp 23 Clerodendrum kaichianum 浙江大青 24 Clerodendrum kiangsiense 江西大青 25 Clerodendrum kwangtungense 广东大青 26 Clerodendrum laciniatum 27 Clerodendrum lindleyi 尖齿臭茉莉 28 Clerodendrum longilimbum 长叶大青 29 Clerodendrum luteopunctatum 黄腺大青 30 Clerodendrum mandarinorum 海通 31 Clerodendrum paniculatum 圆锥大青 32 Clerodendrum peii 长梗大青 32 Clerodendrum peninsulare 4 33 Clerodendrum quadriloculare 34 Clerodendrum serratum 三对节 34 1 Clerodendrum serratum var amplexifolium 三台花 34 2 Clerodendrum serratum var herbaceum 草本三对节 34 3 Clerodendrum serratum var serratum 三对节 34 4 Clerodendrum serratum var wallichii 大序三对节 35 Clerodendrum speciosissimum 36 Clerodendrum subscaposum 抽葶大青 47 Clerodendrum tibetanum 西藏大青 37 Clerodendrum thomsoniae 龍吐珠 爬藤大青 吐龍珠 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 nbsp 38 Clerodendrum tomentosum 39 Clerodendrum trichotomum 海州常山 39 1 Clerodendrum trichotomum var ferrugineum 锈毛海州常山 39 2 Clerodendrum trichotomum var trichotomum 海州常山 40 Clerodendrum triplinerve 41 Clerodendrum ugandense 紫蝶花 42 Clerodendrum villosum 绢毛大青 43 Clerodendrum wallichii 垂茉莉 44 Clerodendrum yunnanense 滇常山 本属包括以下物种 5 Clerodendrum abilioi R Fern Clerodendrum aculeatum Griseb 1862Clerodendrum acuminatum Wall 1829Clerodendrum adenocalyx DopClerodendrum adenophysum Hallier f Clerodendrum africanum MoldenkeClerodendrum albiflos H J LamClerodendrum alboviolaceum MoldenkeClerodendrum andamanense Moldenke A Rajendran amp P DanielClerodendrum angustipetalum Satthaphorn A J Paton amp Leerat 6 Clerodendrum anomalum LetouzeyClerodendrum apayaoense Quisumb Clerodendrum arenarium BakerClerodendrum atlanticum JongkindClerodendrum aucubifolium BakerClerodendrum aucubifolium Hemsl Clerodendrum bakhuizenii MoldenkeClerodendrum balfourianum Massart et al Clerodendrum barba felis Hallier f Clerodendrum baronianum Oliv Clerodendrum baumii GurkeClerodendrum bellum MoldenkeClerodendrum bingaense S MooreClerodendrum bipindense GurkeClerodendrum boivinii MoldenkeClerodendrum bosseri CapuronClerodendrum botryoides K Schum 1902Clerodendrum brachyanthum Schauer短蕊大青 Clerodendrum brachystemon C Y Wu amp R C Fang苞花大青 Clerodendrum bracteatum Wall ex Walp Clerodendrum brassii Beer amp H J LamClerodendrum brazzavillense A Chev Clerodendrum brunfelsiiflorum Hallier f Clerodendrum brunnescens MoldenkeClerodendrum brunsvigioides BakerClerodendrum buchananii Roxb Walp Clerodendrum buchananii Wall 1831Clerodendrum buchneri GurkeClerodendrum buettneri Gurke臭牡丹 Clerodendrum bungei Steud 臭牡丹 Clerodendrum bungei var bungei 大萼臭牡丹 Clerodendrum bungei var megacalyx化石樹 Clerodendrum calamitosum L 灰毛大青 Clerodendrum canescens Wall ex Walp Clerodendrum capitatum Willd Schumach Clerodendrum carnosulum BakerClerodendrum caryopteroides MoldenkeClerodendrum caulambum ExellClerodendrum cauliflorum VatkeClerodendrum cecil fischeri A Rajendran amp P DanielClerodendrum cephalanthum Oliv Clerodendrum ceramense MoldenkeClerodendrum cernuum Wall ex Steud Clerodendrum chamaeriphes WernhamClerodendrum chartaceum MoldenkeClerodendrum chevalieri Moldenke重瓣臭茉莉 Clerodendrum chinense Osbeck Mabb 重瓣臭茉莉 Clerodendrum chinense var chinense 臭茉莉 Clerodendrum chinense var simplexClerodendrum chlorisepalum Merr ex MoldenkeClerodendrum cochinchinense Dop腺茉莉 Clerodendrum colebrookeanum Walp Clerodendrum comans Moldenke川黔大青 Clerodendrum confine S L Chen amp T D ZhuangClerodendrum corbisieri DeWild Clerodendrum costatum R Br Clerodendrum cruentum Lindl Clerodendrum cubensis Schauer 1847Clerodendrum curtisii H Pearson 1901Clerodendrum cuspidatum Turcz 大青 Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum Turcz 大青 Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum var cyrtophyllum 广西大青 Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum var kwangsienseClerodendrum dauphinense MoldenkeClerodendrum decaryi MoldenkeClerodendrum deflexum Wall Clerodendrum dembianense Chiov Clerodendrum densiflorum Griff Clerodendrum dentatum Wall 1829Clerodendrum denticulatum MoldenkeClerodendrum dependens Aug DC Clerodendrum dewittei MoldenkeClerodendrum dicolor Vatke 1882Clerodendrum dinklagei GurkeClerodendrum disparifolium BlumeClerodendrum dusenii GurkeClerodendrum eburneum Chiov 1951Clerodendrum ekmanii MoldenkeClerodendrum elbertii Hallier f Clerodendrum elegans Manetti ex Lem Clerodendrum elliotii MoldenkeClerodendrum emirnense Bojer ex Hook Clerodendrum erectum DeWild 狗牙大青 Clerodendrum ervatamioides C Y WuClerodendrum eucalycinum Oliv Clerodendrum eupatorioides BakerClerodendrum excavatum DeWild Clerodendrum farafanganense MoldenkeClerodendrum farinosum Wall 1829Clerodendrum fasciculatum B ThomasClerodendrum filipes MoldenkeClerodendrum finetii DopClerodendrum fischeri Gurke ex Engl 1894Clerodendrum fistulosum Becc Clerodendrum fistulosum BowerClerodendrum floribundum R Br Clerodendrum foetidum Hort Par ex Planch Clerodendrum formicarum GurkeClerodendrum fortunatum Buch Ham ex Wall 1831白花灯笼 Clerodendrum fortunatum L Clerodendrum fortunei Hemsl Clerodendrum fragrans VentClerodendrum francavilleanum Buchinger ex B ThomasClerodendrum frutectorum S MooreClerodendrum fugitans WernhamClerodendrum fuscum GurkeClerodendrum galeatum Balf f 泰国垂茉莉 Clerodendrum garrettianum CraibClerodendrum gaudichaudii DopClerodendrum geoffrayi DopClerodendrum gibbosum MoldenkeClerodendrum giganteum Moldenke Phillipson amp Callm Clerodendrum glandulosum Colebr ex Wall 1829Clerodendrum glandulosum Lindl Clerodendrum globosum MoldenkeClerodendrum globuliflorum B ThomasClerodendrum godefroyi KuntzeClerodendrum gratum Wall 1829Clerodendrum grayi MunirClerodendrum grevei Moldenke西垂茉莉 Clerodendrum griffithianum C B ClarkeClerodendrum haematolasium Hallier f Clerodendrum hahnianum Dop海南赬桐 Clerodendrum hainanense Hand Mazz Clerodendrum harmandianum DopClerodendrum hastatum Roxb Lindl Clerodendrum helianthemifolium Wall ex Steud Clerodendrum hendersonii Moldenke南垂茉莉 Clerodendrum henryi C PeiClerodendrum herbaceum Wall 1829Clerodendrum heterophyllum Poir W T Aiton 1812Clerodendrum hettae Hallier f Clerodendrum hexangulatum B ThomasClerodendrum hildebrandtii VatkeClerodendrum hircinum SchauerClerodendrum hiulcum MoldenkeClerodendrum holstii Gurke ex Baker 1900Clerodendrum humbertii MoldenkeClerodendrum inaequipetiolatum R D Good长管大青 Clerodendrum indicum L Kuntze长管大青 Clerodendrum indicum Druce 1914苦郎树 Clerodendrum inerme R Br 1810Clerodendrum infortunatum L Clerodendrum insolitum Moldenke墾丁苦林盤 Clerodendrum intermedium Cham Clerodendrum involucratum VatkeClerodendrum izuinsulare K Inoue M Haseg amp Shiro Kobay 赬桐 Clerodendrum japonicum Thunb Makino 1903Clerodendrum japonicum Thunb SweetClerodendrum johnstonii Oliv Clerodendrum johorense Moldenke赪桐 Clerodendrum kaempferi Fisch ex C Morren浙江大青 Clerodendrum kaichianum P S HsuClerodendrum kamhyoae Phillipson amp L AllorgeClerodendrum kampotense DopClerodendrum kanichi DeWild Clerodendrum katangensis DeWild Clerodendrum kauderni Moldenke江西大青 Clerodendrum kiangsiense Merr ex H L LiClerodendrum kinabaluense StapfClerodendrum klemmei Elmer广东大青 Clerodendrum kwangtungense Hand Mazz Clerodendrum laciniatum Balf f Clerodendrum laevifolium BlumeClerodendrum lanceoliferum S MooreClerodendrum lanessanii DopClerodendrum lankawiense King amp GambleClerodendrum lanuginosum BlumeClerodendrum lastellei MoldenkeClerodendrum laxiflorum BakerClerodendrum leandrii MoldenkeClerodendrum lecomtei DopClerodendrum leucobotrys BretelerClerodendrum leucophloeum Balf f Clerodendrum lindenianum A Rich 尖齿臭茉莉 Clerodendrum lindleyi Decne ex Planch Clerodendrum lloydianum CraibClerodendrum longiflorum Decne 长叶大青 Clerodendrum longilimbum C PeiClerodendrum longisepalum DopClerodendrum lutambense Verdc 黄腺大青 Clerodendrum luteopunctatum C Pei amp S L ChenClerodendrum luzonense Merr Clerodendrum macrocalycinum BakerClerodendrum macrostegium K Schum Clerodendrum macrostegium SchauerClerodendrum madaeera VoigtClerodendrum madagascariense MoldenkeClerodendrum magnificum Warb Clerodendrum magnoliifolium BakerClerodendrum mananjariense Moldenke海通 Clerodendrum mandarinorum DielsClerodendrum mandrarense MoldenkeClerodendrum mannii BakerClerodendrum manombense MoldenkeClerodendrum margaritense MoldenkeClerodendrum melanocrater GurkeClerodendrum micans GurkeClerodendrum mildbraedii B ThomasClerodendrum minahassae Teijsm amp Binn Clerodendrum mindorense Merr Clerodendrum moramangense MoldenkeClerodendrum morigono Chiov Clerodendrum multibracteatum Merr Clerodendrum myrianthum Mildbr Clerodendrum myricoides GurkeClerodendrum myricoides R Br Clerodendrum myrmecophilum Ridl Clerodendrum myrtifolium MoldenkeClerodendrum nereifolium Roxb King amp Gamble 1847Clerodendrum nereifolium Roxb Steud 1840Clerodendrum nereifolium Wall 1829Clerodendrum nhatrangense DopClerodendrum nicolsonii A Rajendran amp P DanielClerodendrum nipense Urb Clerodendrum nutans Wall ex JackClerodendrum nutans Wall 1829Clerodendrum ohwii Kaneh amp Hatus Clerodendrum palmatolobatum Dop圆锥大青 Clerodendrum paniculatum L Clerodendrum panigrahianum A Rajendran amp P DanielClerodendrum parvitubulatum B ThomasClerodendrum parvulum L S Sm Clerodendrum paucidentatum MoldenkeClerodendrum pauciflorum Moldenke长梗大青 Clerodendrum peii MoldenkeClerodendrum penduliflorum Wall Clerodendrum peregrinum MoldenkeClerodendrum perrieri MoldenkeClerodendrum petasites Lour S MooreClerodendrum petunioides BakerClerodendrum phlomidis L f Clerodendrum phlomoides DC Clerodendrum phyllomega Steud Clerodendrum pierreanum DopClerodendrum pleiosciadium GurkeClerodendrum poggei GurkeClerodendrum polyanthum GurkeClerodendrum polycephalum BakerClerodendrum porphyrocalyx Lauterb amp K Schum Clerodendrum praetervisa GuineaClerodendrum premnoides MoldenkeClerodendrum preslii ElmerClerodendrum pubescens Walp 1843Clerodendrum pubiflorum Bakh ex Moldenke WearnClerodendrum pulverulentum Engl Clerodendrum pusillum GurkeClerodendrum putre SchauerClerodendrum pygmaeum Merr Clerodendrum pynaertii DeWild Clerodendrum pyrifolium BakerClerodendrum quadriloculare Blanco Merr Clerodendrum ramosissimum BakerClerodendrum revolutum BosserClerodendrum ridleyi King amp GambleClerodendrum ringoetii DeWild Clerodendrum robecchii Chiov Clerodendrum robustum KlotzschClerodendrum roseiflorum MoldenkeClerodendrum rotundifolium Oliv Clerodendrum rubellum BakerClerodendrum rumphianum BullClerodendrum rumphianum DeVrieseClerodendrum rumphianum de VrieseClerodendrum rusbyi MoldenkeClerodendrum sagittatum Wall Clerodendrum sakaleonense MoldenkeClerodendrum sarawakanum H J LamClerodendrum sassandrense JongkindClerodendrum sayapense WearnClerodendrum scandens L ex B D Jacks Clerodendrum schmidtii C B ClarkeClerodendrum schweinfurthii GurkeClerodendrum sericeum Wall Clerodendrum serotinum hort ex Dippel三对节 Clerodendrum serratum Spreng 1825 三台花 Clerodendrum serratum var amplexifolium 草本三对节 Clerodendrum serratum var herbaceum 三对节 Clerodendrum serratum var serratum 大序三对节 Clerodendrum serratum var wallichiiClerodendrum sessilifolium MoldenkeClerodendrum silvaeanum Henriq 1892Clerodendrum silvanum Henriq Clerodendrum silvestre B ThomasClerodendrum singwanum B ThomasClerodendrum sinuatum Hook Clerodendrum smitinandii MoldenkeClerodendrum speciosissimum C MorrenClerodendrum speciosissimum Van Geert ex DrapiezClerodendrum speciosum DrapiezClerodendrum speciosum Teijsm amp Binn ex Lem Clerodendrum speciosum Teijsm amp Binn 1866Clerodendrum splendens A Chev Clerodendrum splendens G DonClerodendrum splendidum Wall Clerodendrum subpeltatum WernhamClerodendrum subreniforme Gurke抽葶大青 Clerodendrum subscaposumClerodendrum subtruncatum MoldenkeClerodendrum sylvae AdainClerodendrum sylvae J G AdamClerodendrum sylvestre MoldenkeClerodendrum tanganyikense BakerClerodendrum tatei F Muell MunirClerodendrum tatomense DopClerodendrum ternatum Schinz龍吐珠 Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf f 爬藤大青 吐龍珠Clerodendrum thouarsii Phillipson amp Callm Clerodendrum thyrsoideum Gurke西藏大青 Clerodendrum tibetanum C Y Wu amp S K WuClerodendrum tomentellum Hutch amp DalzielClerodendrum tomentosum Vent R Br Clerodendrum tonkinense DopClerodendrum toxicarium BakerClerodendrum toxicarium Baker ex GurkeClerodendrum tracyanum F Muell Benth Clerodendrum trichanthum BosserClerodendrum tricholobum Gurke海州常山 Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb 锈毛海州常山 Clerodendrum trichotomum var ferrugineum 海州常山 Clerodendrum trichotomum var trichotomumClerodendrum trichotomum Wall 1832Clerodendrum trichotonum Wall Clerodendrum triflorum Vis Clerodendrum tubulosum MoldenkeClerodendrum ubanghense A Chev 紫蝶花 Clerodendrum ugandenseClerodendrum umbellatum Poir Clerodendrum umbratile King amp GambleClerodendrum urticaefolium Roxb Wall Clerodendrum urticifolium Roxb Wall ex VoigtClerodendrum velutinum A Chev Clerodendrum vestitum Wall ex Steud Clerodendrum villosicalyx Moldenke绢毛大青 Clerodendrum villosum BlumeClerodendrum vinosum MoldenkeClerodendrum volubile P Beauv 垂茉莉 Clerodendrum wallichiiClerodendrum wallii MoldenkeClerodendrum weinlandii K Schum ex H J LamClerodendrum welwitschii GurkeClerodendrum williamsii Elmer滇常山 Clerodendrum yunnanense HuClerodendrum zeyheri Moldenke杂交种 Clerodendrum speciosum DombrainClerodendrum speciosum W Bull參考文獻 编辑 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 大青屬 Flora of China Editorial Committee 1994 第34頁 擷取於2013 08 24 海州常山屬 Yang et al 1998 第416頁 擷取於2013 08 24 Lamiales 脣形目 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Stevens P F 2001 onwards Angiosperm Phylogeny Website Version 12 July 2012 擷取於2013 08 24 Jiratthi Satthaphorn Alan J Paton and Charan Leeratiwong 2022 Clerodendrum peninsulare A New Species of Clerodendrum Lamiaceae from Thailand and A Note on C palmatolobatum Kew Bulletin DOI 10 1007 s12225 022 10000 z Clerodendrum L GBIF 2023 06 21 原始内容存档于2023 05 30 Jiratthi Satthaphorn Alan J Paton and Charan Leeratiwong 2021 Clerodendrum angustipetalum A New Species of Clerodendrum Lamiaceae from Thailand Phytotaxa 2 491 177 183 DOI 10 11646 phytotaxa 491 2 7 参考书目 编辑 Flora of China Editorial Committee 1994 Flora of China Verbenaceae Clerodendrum 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 17 34 43 In C Y Wu P H Raven amp D Y Hong eds Fl China Science Press amp Missouri Botanical Garden Press Beijing amp St Louis HSIAO Ju Ying 1978 127 Verbenaceae 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Flora of Taiwan 台灣植物誌 4 420 425 Stevens P F 2001 onwards Angiosperm Phylogeny Website 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Version 12 July 2012 and more or less continuously updated since cached 2013 08 24 YANG Yuen Po LU Sheng You and CHEN Tien Tsai 1998 127 Verbenaceae 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Flora of Taiwan second edition 台灣植物誌第二版 4 416 420 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 大青属 amp oldid 78175530, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，
