朱顶红属

朱顶红屬（学名：Hippeastrum），属单子叶植物天門冬目石蒜科，为多年生鳞茎植物。分類上有時會與孤挺花属（Amaryllis）混淆，甚至有時作為其異名使用。

朱頂紅屬
短筒朱顶红 Hippeastrum reginae
科学分类
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	单子叶植物 Monocots
目：	天門冬目 Asparagales
科：	石蒜科 Amaryllidaceae
亚科：	石蒜亚科 Amaryllidoideae
属：	朱頂紅屬 Hippeastrum Herb., 1821^[1]^[2]^[3]
模式種
Hippeastrum reginae (L.) Herb.^[4]
異名^[5]
列表 Aschamia Salisb.^[6] Aulica Raf.^[7] Callicore Link^[8] Carlotea Arruda ex H.Kost.^[9] Chonais Salisb.^[10] Eusarcops Raf.^[11] Lais Salisb.^[6] Leopoldia Herb.nom. rej.^[12]^[13] Lepidopharynx Rusby^[14] Moldenkea Traub^[15] Omphalissa Salisb.^[6] Trisacarpis Raf.^[11]

叶6-8枚，呈宽带型，顶生伞状花序。每年春夏之交开花，花漏斗状，似百合花，花色鲜艳，大多为红色，也有粉、白等色。通常用鳞茎、种子繁殖，鱗莖大小在5-12釐米左右，有毒。^[16]

性较喜阴，不耐寒，原产于南美洲热带地区，17世纪传入欧洲。

命名

其學名取自古希臘語，意思是“騎士之星”。其中“ἱππεύς”（hippeus）的意思是騎士，“ἄστρον”（astron）的意思是星星。^[17]

分類

 

Hippeastrum evansiae

 

凤蝶朱顶红 Hippeastrum papilio

 

Hippeastrum reticulatum var. striatifolium. 白肋朱頂紅，台灣台中市。

該屬下分數個亞屬，但存在爭議，現在生物分類學上通常不使用這些命名：^[18][19]

• Aschamia (Salisb.) Baker
• Cephaleon Traub
• Lais (Salisb.) Baker
• Macropodastrum Baker
• Omphalissa (Salisb.) Baker
• Sealyana Traub

該屬下有近百種植物，^[1]，此外還有Hippeastrum x johnsonii等雜交種。

• Hippeastrum abatinguara Campos-Rocha & A.S.Medeiros^[20]
• 灿烂朱顶红 Hippeastrum aglaiae (A.Cast.) Hunz. & A.A.Cocucci
• Hippeastrum amaru (Vargas) Meerow
• Hippeastrum andreanum Baker
• 狭叶朱顶红 Hippeastrum angustifolium Pax
• Hippeastrum apertispathum (Traub) H.E.Moore
• Hippeastrum arboricola (Ravenna) Meerow
• Hippeastrum argentinum (Pax) Hunz.
• 脐顶红 Hippeastrum aulicum (Ker Gawl.) Herb.
• Hippeastrum aviflorum (Ravenna) Dutilh
• Hippeastrum blossfeldiae (Traub & J.L.Doran) Van Scheepen
• 白花朱顶红 Hippeastrum brasilianum (Traub & J.L.Doran) Dutilh
• 短花朱顶红 Hippeastrum breviflorum Herb.
• Hippeastrum bukasovii (Vargas) Gereau & Brako
• Hippeastrum caiaponicum (Ravenna) Dutilh
• 绿花脐顶红 Hippeastrum calyptratum (Ker Gawl.) Herb.
• Hippeastrum canastrense Dutilh & R.S.Oliveira
• Hippeastrum canterae Arechav.
• Hippeastrum canterai Arechav.
• Hippeastrum cardenasii R.Vásquez & R.Lara
• Hippeastrum caupolicanense (Cárdenas) Van Scheepen
• Hippeastrum cipoanum (Ravenna) Meerow
• Hippeastrum condemaitae (Vargas & E.Pérez) Meerow
• 绿纹朱顶红 Hippeastrum correiense (Bury) Worsley
• Hippeastrum curitibanum (Ravenna) Dutilh
• Hippeastrum curupira Campos-Rocha & M.Peixoto^[21]
• Hippeastrum cuzcoense (Vargas) Gereau & Brako
• 细瓣朱顶红 Hippeastrum cybister (Herb.) Benth. ex Baker
• Hippeastrum damazianum Beauverd
• Hippeastrum diniz-cruziae Dutilh & Semir
• Hippeastrum divifrancisci (Cárdenas) R.Lara & R.Vásquez
• Hippeastrum divijulianum (Cárdenas) Meerow
• Hippeastrum doraniae (Traub) Meerow
• 雅致朱顶红 Hippeastrum elegans (Spreng.) H.E.Moore
• Hippeastrum espiritense (Traub) H.E.Moore
• 皱边朱顶红 Hippeastrum evansiae (Traub & I.S.Nelson) H.E.Moore
• Hippeastrum evansii (Traub & I.S.Nelson) H.E.Moore
• Hippeastrum ferreyrae (Traub) Gereau & Brako
• Hippeastrum flavum (Phil.) Christenh. & Byng, 2018
• Hippeastrum flavus Phil.
• Hippeastrum forgetii Worsley
• 极香朱顶红 Hippeastrum fragrantissimum (Cárdenas) Meerow
• Hippeastrum fuscum Kraenzl.
• Hippeastrum gertianum (Ravenna) Dutilh
• Hippeastrum glaucescens (Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Herb.
• Hippeastrum goianum (Ravenna) Meerow
• Hippeastrum guarapuavicum (Ravenna) Van Scheepen
• Hippeastrum harrisonii (Lindl.) Hook.f.
• Hippeastrum haywardii (Traub & Uphof) R.Lara & R.Vásquez
• Hippeastrum hemographes (Ravenna) Dutilh
• Hippeastrum hugoi (Vargas) Gereau & Brako
• Hippeastrum hybr
• Hippeastrum hybridum hort. ex Velenovsky
• Hippeastrum idimae Dutilh & R.S.Oliveira
• Hippeastrum iguazuanum (Ravenna) T.R.Dudley & M.Williams
• Hippeastrum incachacanum (Cárdenas) Van Scheepen
• Hippeastrum intiflorum (Vargas) Gereau & Brako
• Hippeastrum johnsonii (Gowen) Herb.
• Hippeastrum kromeri (Worsley) Meerow
• Hippeastrum lapacense (Cárdenas) Van Scheepen
• Hippeastrum lavrense (Ravenna) R.S.Oliveira & Dutilh
• Hippeastrum leonardii (Vargas) Gereau & Brako
• 白缘朱顶红 Hippeastrum leopoldii T.Moore
• Hippeastrum leucobasis (Ravenna) Dutilh
• Hippeastrum lunaris Campos-Rocha & Meerow^[22]
• Hippeastrum macbridei (Vargas) Gereau & Brako
• Hippeastrum machupijchense (Vargas) D.R.Hunt
• 猫花朱顶红 Hippeastrum mandonii Baker
• Hippeastrum maracasum (Traub) H.E.Moore
• Hippeastrum marumbiense (Ravenna) Van Scheepen
• Hippeastrum mauroi Campos-Rocha & Dutilh
• Hippeastrum menesesii R.Vásquez & R.Lara
• Hippeastrum minasgerais (Traub) Meerow
• 秘鲁朱顶红 Hippeastrum miniatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Herb.
• 无梗朱顶红 Hippeastrum mirum (Ravenna) Christenh. & Byng
• Hippeastrum mollevillquense (Cárdenas) Van Scheepen
• Hippeastrum monanthum (Ravenna) Meerow
• 绿星朱顶红 Hippeastrum morelianum Lem.
• 红唇朱顶红 Hippeastrum nelsonii (Cárdenas) Van Scheepen
• Hippeastrum oconequense (Traub) H.E.Moore
• Hippeastrum organense Hook.
• 凤蝶朱顶红 Hippeastrum papilio (Ravenna) Van Scheepen
• Hippeastrum paquichanum (Cárdenas) Dutilh
• Hippeastrum paradisiacum (Ravenna) Meerow
• Hippeastrum paranaense (Traub) Meerow
• Hippeastrum pardinum (Hook.f.) Dombrain
• Hippeastrum pardinum J.J.Veitch, 1867
• Hippeastrum pardinum Lem.
• 黄喇叭朱顶红 Hippeastrum parodii Hunz. & A.A.Cocucci
• Hippeastrum peruvianum Meerow & Campos-Rocha
• Hippeastrum petiolatum Pax
• Hippeastrum pseudopardinum (Cárdenas) R.Vásquez & R.Lara
• 鹦鹉朱顶红 Hippeastrum psittacinum (Ker Gawl.) Herb.
• 石榴朱顶红 Hippeastrum puniceum (Lam.) Voss
• Hippeastrum ramboi R.E.Bastian & Büneker
• Hippeastrum regina-vittatum Herb.
• 短筒朱顶红 Hippeastrum reginae (L.) Herb.
• 白肋朱顶红 Hippeastrum reticulatum (L'Hér.) Herb.
• Hippeastrum robustum A.Dietr., 1852
• Hippeastrum roseoalbum R.S.Oliveira & Dutilh
• Hippeastrum rubropictum (Ravenna) Meerow
• 朱顶红 Hippeastrum rutilum
• Hippeastrum sanfranciscanum Dutilh & R.S.Oliveira
• Hippeastrum santacatarina (Traub) Dutilh
• Hippeastrum scopulorum Baker
• Hippeastrum starkiorum (I.S.Nelson & Traub) Van Scheepen
• 朱顶红 Hippeastrum striatum (Lam.) H.E.Moore
• Hippeastrum stylosum Herb.
• Hippeastrum sylvatica Mart.
• Hippeastrum teyucuarense (Ravenna) Van Scheepen
• Hippeastrum traubii (Moldenke) H.E.Moore
• Hippeastrum umabisanum (Cárdenas) Meerow
• Hippeastrum unguiculata Mart.
• Hippeastrum vanleestenii (Traub) H.E.Moore
• Hippeastrum variegatum Gereau & Brako
• Hippeastrum velloziflorum Campos-Rocha & Meerow^[23]
• Hippeastrum verdianum Büneker & R.E.Bastian
• Hippeastrum viridiflorum Rusby
• 花朱顶红 Hippeastrum vittatum (L'Hér.) Herb.，百枝莲
• Hippeastrum wilsoniae L.J.Doran & F.W.Mey.
• Hippeastrum wilsonii L.J.Doran & F.W.Mey.
• Hippeastrum yungacense (Cárdenas & I.S.Nelson) Meerow

杂交种

• Hippeastrum ×batemannii Herb. Herb.
• Hippeastrum ×benthamii Herb. Herb.
• Hippeastrum ×brookesii Herb. Herb.
• Hippeastrum ×gravianae M.Roem. M.Roem.
• Hippeastrum ×hendersonii
• Hippeastrum ×hortorum Maatsch Maatsch
• Hippeastrum ×splendens Herb. Herb.

归入本属的物种：

• Carlotea formosissimum Arruda
• Carlotea speciosa Arruda
• Moldenkea lateritia Traub

参考文献

1. WCSP 2015，Hippeastrum herb..
2. Herbert 1821，Hippeastrum Appendix: 31 (1821), nom. cons..
3. Meerow et al 1997.
4. Tropicos, Hippeastrum Herb.. [2019-02-14]. （原始内容于2020-01-30）. 
5. WCSP 2015，Synonyms .
6. Salisbury & Gray 1866，Gen. Pl. p. 134.
7. Rafinesque 1838，Fl. Tellur. 4: 10.
8. Link 1829，Handbuch 1: 193 .
9. Koster 1816，Appendix Trav. Brazil: 493 .
10. Salisbury & Gray 1866，Gen. Pl. p. 135.
11. Rafinesque 1838，Fl. Tellur. 4: 11.
12. Herbert 1819，p. 5 footnote.
13. Herbert 1820，p. 181.
14. Rusby 1927，Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7: 214.
15. Pl. Life 7: 41 (1951).
16. Holmes 2008.
17. Herbert 1821.
18. Vigneron 2008，Hippeastrum.
19. Traub 1958.
20. Antonio Campos Rocha, Alexandre da Silva Medeiros, Alan William Meerow, Priscila Andre Sanz-Veiga, Ingrid Koch and Julie Henriette Antoinette Dutilh. 2022. A Remarkable New Species of Hippeastrum (Amaryllidaceae) from the Serra da Mantiqueira, Southeastern Brazil. Phytotaxa. 571(2); 197-208. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.2.6
21. Antonio Campos-Rocha, Alan William Meerow, Mauro Peixoto, Ingrid Koch, Patrícia Aparecida Messias and Julie Henriette Antoinette Dutilh. 2023. To Print in Red Ink: Two New Species of Hippeastrum (Amaryllidaceae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Plant Ecology and Evolution. 156(2): 239-256. DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.95601
22. Antonio Campos-Rocha, Alan William Meerow and Julie Henriette Antoinette Dutilh. 2018. Two New Critically Endangered Species of Hippeastrum (Amaryllidaceae) from the Brazilian Cerrado. Phytotaxa. 360(2); 91–102. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.360.2.1
23. Antonio Campos-Rocha, Alan W. Meerow, Raquel M. Machado, Juliana L. S. Mayer, Rubens C. da Mota, André P. Fontana, Otávio B. C. Ribeiro, Nicolás B. García and Julie H. A. Dutilh. 2022. Out of the Mud: Two New Species of Hippeastrum (Amaryllidaceae) from the Doce and Jequitinhonha River Basins, Brazil. Plant Systematics and Evolution. 308: 22. DOI: 10.1007/s00606-022-01805-3

書籍

一般性

• Clay, Horace F; Hubbard, James C. Tropical Exotics: Hippeastrum vittatum. University of Hawaii Press. 1987. ISBN 978-0-8248-1127-3. 
• James Cullen; Sabina G. Knees; H. Suzanne Cubey (编). The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe, Both Out-of-Doors and Under Glass. Cambridge University Press. 2011. ISBN 978-0521761475. 
• Dimitri, M. Enciclopedia Argentina de Agricultura y Jardinería. Tomo I. Descripción de plantas cultivadas. Buenos Aires: Editorial ACME S.A.C.I. 1987 （西班牙语）. 
• Hartmann, H.; Kester, D. Propagación de plantas, principios y prácticas. México: Compañía Editorial Continental S.A. 1987. ISBN 978-968-26-0789-9. 
• Hessayon, D.G. The Bulb Expert. London: Transworld Publishers. 1995. ISBN 9780903505420. 
• Kamenetsky, Rina; Okubo, Hiroshi (编). Ornamental Geophytes: From Basic Science to Sustainable Production. CRC Press. 2012 [2019-02-14]. ISBN 978-1-4398-4924-8. （原始内容于2017-10-24）. 
• Kubitzki, K. (编). The families and genera of vascular plants. Vol.3. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. 1998 [14 January 2014]. ISBN 978-3-540-64060-8. 
• Mabberley, David J. Mabberley's Plant-Book 3. Cambridge University Press. 2013 [8 January 2014]. ISBN 978-1107782594. 
• Phillips, R.; Rix, M. Bulbs. London: Pan Books Ltd. 1989. 
• Rossi, Rosella. Guía de Bulbos. Barcelona: Grijalbo. 1990. 
• Simpson, Michael G. Plant Systematics. Academic Press. 2011 [2019-02-14]. ISBN 978-0-08-051404-8. （原始内容于2016-04-27）. 
• Singh, Gurcharan. Plant Systematics: An Integrated Approach. Science Publishers. 2004 [23 January 2014]. ISBN 978-1578083510. （原始内容于2016-05-13）. 
• Takos, Adam; Rook, Fred. Towards a Molecular Understanding of the Biosynthesis of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids in Support of Their Expanding Medical Use. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 31 May 2013, 14 (6): 11713–11741 [25 December 2014]. PMC 3709753  . PMID 23727937. doi:10.3390/ijms140611713. （原始内容于2019-04-07）. 
• Taylor, P. Gardening with Bulbs. London: Pavilion Books Ltd. 1996. 
• Veitch, James Herbert. Hortus Veitchii: A History of the Rise and Progress of the Nurseries of Messrs James Veitch and Sons. Cambridge University Press. 2011 [1906]. ISBN 978-1-108-03736-5. 
  • see also Hortus Veitchii, Messrs James Veitch and Sons
• Walter, Kerry S.; Gillett, Harriet J. (编). 1997 IUCN red list of threatened plants. Gland, Switzerland: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Species Survival Commission. 1998 [2019-02-14]. ISBN 9782831703282. （原始内容于2017-09-04）. 

分類學

• Linnaeus, Carl. Species Plantarum. Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii. 1753 [2019-02-14]. （原始内容于2020-05-06）. 
• Aiton, W. Hortus Kewensis 3 vols. London: George Nicol. 1789 [2019-02-14]. （原始内容于2020-06-14）. 
• Curtis, W. Amaryllis equestris. Botanical Magazine. 1795, 9–10: 304 [2019-02-14]. （原始内容于2018-11-16）. 
• von Jacquin, Nikolaus Joseph. Hortus Schoenbrunnensis. Plantarum Rariorum Horti Caesarei Schoenbrunnensis Descriptiones et Icones (4 volumes). Vienna. 1797–1804 [2019-02-14]. （原始内容于2020-06-26）. 
• Koster, Henry. Travels in Brazil. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown. 1816 [11 May 2015]. 
• Herbert, W. Amaryllis reticulata. β. striatifolia Griffin's netted-veined Amaryllis. Coburgia. Herbert. Curtis's Botanical Magazine. 1819, 47: T. 2113 1–6 [2019-02-14]. （原始内容于2018-11-16）. 
• Herbert, W. On the culture of the Guernsey Lily, and other bulbs of the genera Nerine, Coburgia and Brunsvigia, heretofore united under Amaryllis. Trans. Hortic. Soc. Lond. 4 April 1820, 4: 176–184 [2019-02-14]. （原始内容于2019-02-14）. 
• Herbert, William. Amaryllidaceae: Preceded by an Attempt to Arrange the Monocotyledonous Orders, and Followed by a Treatise on Cross-bred Vegetables, and Supplement. London: Ridgway. 1837. 
• Baker, J.G. Trimen, Henry , 编. An enumeration and classification of the species of Hippeastrum. Journal of Botany, British and Foreign. 1878, 16: 79–85 [1 April 2014]. 
• Baker, John Gilbert. Hippeastrum. Handbook of the Amaryllideæ including the Alstrœmerieæ and Agaveæ. London: Bell. 1888: 41 [31 March 2014]. （原始内容于2019-12-18）. 
• Link, Johann Heinrich Friedrich. Handbuch zur Erkennung der nutzbarsten und am häufigsten vorkommenden Gewächse. Berlin: Haude und Spener. 1829 [5 February 2015]. （原始内容于2020-06-11）.  Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
• Miller, Philip. Amaryllideae. Miller's dictionary of gardening, botany, and agriculture; revised. Oxford University. 1834. 
• Rafinesque, C. S. The Synoptical Flora Telluriana, With new Natural Classes, Orders and families: containing the 2000 New or revised Genera and Species of Trees, Palms, Shrubs, Vines, Plants, Lilies, Grasses, Ferns, Algas, Fungi, & c. from North and South America, Polynesia, Australia, Asia Europe and Africa, omitted or mistaken by the authors, that were observed or ascertained, described or revised, collected or figured, between 1796 and 1836 (4 vols.). Philadelphia: H. Probasco. 1838 [1836] [2019-02-14]. （原始内容于2021-03-08）. 
• Salisbury, Richard Anthony; Gray, J. E. The Genera of Plants (Unpublished fragment). 1866 [26 October 2014]. 
• Bentham, G.; J.D. Hooker. Hippeastrum. Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita. Vol III Part II. London: L Reeve & Co. 1883: 713 [24 January 2014]. （原始内容于2014-02-25）. 
• Rusby, Henry Hurd. Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Plants Collected on the Mulford Biologial Exploration of the Amazon Valley, 1921–1922. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden. March 1927, 7: 205–387 [16 May 2015]. （原始内容于2018-09-12）. 
• Read, Veronica A., Hippeastrum: the gardener's amaryllis, Portland OR: Timber Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-88192-639-2 
• Traub, H.P. The Amaryllis Manual. New York: Macmillan. 1958 [2019-02-14]. （原始内容于2015-05-19）. 
• Worsley, Arthington. The Genus Hippeastrum: A Monograph …. Nabu Press. 2012. ISBN 978-1-277-39963-9.  originally published 1896
• Jamil, Khalid. Hippeastrum: Technique of Bulb and Flower Production. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. 2011. ISBN 978-3-8454-2259-6. 

期刊論文

• Andrade, Jean Paulo de; Berkov, Strahil; Viladomat, Francesc; Codina, Carles; Zuanazzi, José Angelo S.; Bastida, Jaume. Alkaloids from Hippeastrum papilio. Molecules. 2011, 16 (12): 7097–7104. PMID 21852767. doi:10.3390/molecules16087097. 
• Andrade, Jean Paulo de; Belén Pigni, Natalia; Torras-Claveria, Laura; Guo, Ying; Berkov, Strahil; Reyes-Chilpa, Ricardo; El Amrani, Abdelaziz; Zuanazzi, José Angelo S.; Codina, Carles; Viladomat, Francesc; Bastida, Jaume. Alkaloids from the Hippeastrum genus: chemistry and biological activity. Rev. Latinoamer. Quím. 2012, 40 (2): 83–98. 
• Dutilh, Julie HA. Ornamental Bulbous Plants of Brazil (PDF). Acta Hort. 2005, (683): 3742 [2019-02-14]. （原始内容 (PDF)于2016-02-07）. 
• Dyer, R. A. The Cape Belladonna Lily. Taxon. 1954, 3 (2): 72–74. JSTOR 1217368. doi:10.2307/1217368. 
• Ephrath, J.E.; Ben-Asher, J.; Baruchin, F.; Alekperov, C.; Dayan, C.; Silberbush, M. Various Cutting Methods For the Propagation of Hippeastrum Bulbs. Biotronics. 2001, 30: 75–83 [2019-02-14]. （原始内容于2016-03-04）. 
• Fellers, J.D. . Herbertia. 1998, 53: 129–144 [2 December 2013]. （原始内容存档于3 December 2013）. 
• Flavia Schurmann Da Silva, A.; de Andrade, Jean Paulo; Bevilaqua, Lia R.M.; De Souza, Marcia Maria; Izquierdo, Ivan; Teresinha Henriques, Amélia; Silveira Zuanazzi, José Angelo. Anxiolytic-, antidepressant- and anticonvulsant-like effects of the alkaloid montanine isolated from Hippeastrum vittatum. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 2006, 85 (1): 148–154 [2019-02-14]. PMID 16950504. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2006.07.027. （原始内容于2013-12-02）. 
• García, Nicolás; Meerow, Alan W.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S. Testing Deep Reticulate Evolution in Amaryllidaceae Tribe Hippeastreae (Asparagales) with ITS and Chloroplast Sequence Data. Systematic Botany. 1 March 2014, 39 (1): 75–89. doi:10.1600/036364414X678099. 
• Garbari, F.; Greuter, W. On the Taxonomy and Typification of Muscari Miller (Liliaceae) and Allied Genera, and on the Typification of Generic Names. Taxon. 1970, 19 (3): 329–335. JSTOR 1219056. doi:10.2307/1219056. 
• Herbert, William. An Appendix: Preliminary Treatise (pp. 1–14) and A Treatise &c. (pp. 15–52). The Botanical Register. 1821, 7 [2019-02-14]. （原始内容于2018-10-27）.  For references to Hippeastrum, see p. 7ff. and 31-4; for detailed descriptions of Hippeastrum splendens, see pp. 52–3.
• Hertogh, A.A. De; Gallitano, L.B. Influence of bulb packing systems on forcing of Dutch-grown Hippeastrum (Amaryllis) as flowering potted plants in North America. HortTechnology. 1998, 8 (2 (April–June)): 175–179 [16 May 2015]. 
• Holmes, Walter C. Hippeastrum. vol. 26: 55. [2019-02-14]. （原始内容于2016-03-04）. , in FNA (2008)
• Meerow, Alan W.; Van Scheepen, Johan; Dutilh, Julie H.A. Transfers from Amaryllis to Hippeastrum (Amaryllidaceae). Taxon. 1997, 46 (1): 15–19. JSTOR 1224287. doi:10.2307/1224287. 
• Meerow, Alan W.; Guy, Charles L.; Li, Qin-Bao; Yang, Si-Lin. . Systematic Botany. October 2000, 25 (4): 708–726 [2019-02-14]. JSTOR 2666729. doi:10.2307/2666729. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）. 
• Meerow, Alan W. Tilting at windmills: 20 years of Hippeastrum breeding. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences. 2009, 57 (4): 303–313 [2019-02-14]. doi:10.1560/IJPS.57.4.303. （原始内容于2019-02-14）. 
• Oliveira, Renata Souza de; Semir, João; Dutilh, Julie Henriette Antoinette. Four new endemic species of Hippeastrum (Amaryllidaceae) from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Phytotaxa. 11 November 2013, 145 (1): 38. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.145.1.4. 
• Sealy, J.R. Amaryllis and Hippeastrum. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens, Kew). 1939, 1939 (2): 49–68. JSTOR 10.2307/4111685. doi:10.2307/4111685.  For discussion on the status of Leopoldia, see p. 65.
• Veitch, Harry. The Hippeastrum (Amaryllis). Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society. 11 March 1890, 12: 243–260 [25 December 2014]. 
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• Tombolato, Antonio F.C.; Julie H.A. Dutilh; Wilson Barbosa; Renato F.A. Veiga; Thiago N. Lucon. Brazilian descriptor for Hippeastrum hybrids. 3rd Global Botanic Gardens Congress. [4 April 2014]. 
• Traub, Hamilton P. "Leopoldia Herb. 1821" Invalidly Published. Taxon. February 1959, 8 (2): 67–70. JSTOR 1216035. doi:10.2307/1216035. 
• Vijverberg, A.J. (编). De teelt van Hippeastrum (Amaryllis) [The production of Hippeastrum (Amaryllis)]. Proefstation Voor Tuinbouw Onder Glas Te Naaldwijk. August 1980, 17 [25 April 2016]. （原始内容于2020-10-26） （荷兰语）. 

網站

• Beaumont, Pauline. . Hippeastrum.com.au. 2015 [25 April 2016]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-15）. 
• Don, Monty. Their huge flower trumpets are usually associated with the festive season, but plant the bulbs now and you can enjoy amaryllis in spring. Daily Mail. 4 January 2013 [13 March 2016]. （原始内容于2016-03-14）. 
• Carter, Kathie. Amaryllis (PDF). University of California Cooperative Extension. 2010 [13 March 2016]. （原始内容 (PDF)于2020-09-15）. 
• Constantin, Cornelia. Hippeastrum incantator in fiecare casa (Delightful Hippeastrum in every home). Gradini.ro. 14 December 2007 [27 March 2014]. （原始内容于2016-03-05） （罗马尼亚语）. 
• Reid, Duane. Amaryllis: Year-round care. Rochester Gardening. 1997 [27 March 2014]. （原始内容于2020-11-11）. 
• Johansson, Christer. . Wiki.Plantae.se. 2014 [31 March 2014]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-03） （瑞典语）. 
• Hippeastrum. Gardenology. 2010 [1 April 2014]. （原始内容于2015-09-24）. 
• Vigneron, Pascal. . Amaryllidaceae.org. 2008 [2 April 2014]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-10） （法语）. 
  • Vigneron, Pascal. . Amaryllidaceae.org. [2019-02-14]. （原始内容存档于2017-06-01）. 
• Kew: RBG. . Spring Bulbs. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2012 [16 May 2015]. （原始内容存档于9 May 2012）. 
• Brown, Sydney Park; Black, Robert J. Amaryllis (Cir-1243) (PDF). Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Environmental Horticulture Department, University of Florida Extension. 2014 [16 May 2015]. （原始内容 (PDF)于2021-02-04）. 
• Pertuit, A.J. Understanding and Producing Amaryllis (Hort. L 63) (PDF). Clemson University. August 1995 [16 May 2015]. （原始内容 (PDF)于2016-10-20）. 
• De Hertogh, A. A. Home Forcing of Potted Amaryllis (Hippeastrum) (8529). Horticulture Information Leaflet 8529. Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University. June 1998 [17 May 2015]. （原始内容于2014-12-17）. 
• Pictures of Hippeastrum species (South America). [2019-02-14]. （原始内容于2020-10-14）. 
• Meerow, Alan. (PDF). University of Florida: Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center. 1999 [18 January 2016]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2 December 2012）. 
• IBS. . International Bulb Society. 2014. （原始内容存档于17 December 2014）. 
• Flora of North America. eFloras. 2008 [14 March 2016]. （原始内容于2010-10-28）. 
• Infojardin. 2015 [7 June 2016]. （原始内容于2021-03-14） （西班牙语）. 
• Hippeastrum (Group). Gardening Help: Plant Finder. Missouri Botanical Garden. [9 June 2016]. （原始内容于2021-01-17）. 

數據庫

• JStor Global Plants. 2016 [14 March 2016]. （原始内容于2010-12-26）. 
• . Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden. 2010. （原始内容存档于2014-03-26）.  (Search for Hippeastrum)
• Zuloaga, Fernando O.; Morrone, Osvaldo; Belgrano, Manuel J. (编). Hippeastrum. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares del Cono Sur: (Argentina, Sur de Brasil, Chile, Paraguay y Uruguay) (Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 107). St. Louis, Mo.: Missouri Botanical Garden. 2008 [2019-02-14]. ISBN 978-1-930723-70-2. （原始内容于2020-07-14）. 
• Maia, Leonor Costa. Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil. INCT – Herbário Virtual da Flora e dos Fungos. Recife: Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Teconologia. 2016 [2 May 2016]. （原始内容于2020-10-21）. 
• Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2015 [30 December 2015]. （原始内容于2016-04-10）. 
• WCSP. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Hippeastrum. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2015 [15 February 2016]. 
• RBG Kew. . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2013. （原始内容存档于5 December 2013）. 
• Stevens, P.F. Asparagales: Amaryllidoideae. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website version 13. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2016 [2001] [6 February 2016]. （原始内容于2008-09-28）.