曲霉病

曲霉病是一种通常出現在肺部的真菌病^[1]，該疾病由麴黴屬引起。它通常发生在患有哮喘、囊腫性纖維化或结核病的人，或者那些接受了骨髓移植或器官移植的人^[2][3]，以及那些由于服用皮質類固醇和某些癌症治疗药物而无法抵禦感染的人^[1][4]。

人类、鸟类和其他动物都会感染曲霉病。曲霉病分为慢性和急性兩種，临床上有明显的区别。急性曲霉病大多发生在免疫系统严重受损的人中，例如接受骨髓移植的人^[5]。

曲霉病最常见的病原体是烟曲霉和黃麴霉。总体而言，每年全球约60万人會因曲霉病而死亡^[6][7][8][9]。

参考文献

1. Thornton CR. 1. Detection of the 'Big Five' mold killers of humans: Aspergillus, Fusarium, Lomentospora, Scedosporium and Mucormycetes. Academic Press. 2020: 4–22. ISBN 978-0-12-820703-1 （英语）. 
2. ICD-11 - ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics. World Health Organization. [29 May 2021]. （原始内容存档于2018-08-01）. 
3. Aspergillosis | About. www.cdc.gov. 10 May 2021 [1 June 2021]. （原始内容于2021-06-27） （美国英语）. 
4. Kutzner H, Kempf W, Feit J, Sangueza O. https://books.google.com/books?id=M30REAAAQBAJ&pg=PA77 |chapterurl=缺少标题 (帮助). 2. Fungal infections. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell. 2021: 103-104 [2023-07-26]. ISBN 978-1-119-64706-5. （原始内容于2023-01-10） （英语）. 
5. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis | Aspergillus & Aspergillosis Website. The Aspergillus Website. [28 June 2019]. （原始内容于2020-07-26）. 
6. Guinea J, Torres-Narbona M, Gijón P, Muñoz P, Pozo F, Peláez T, et al. Pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: incidence, risk factors, and outcome. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. July 2010, 16 (7): 870–877. PMID 19906275. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.03015.x  . 
7. Chen J, Yang Q, Huang J, Li L. Risk factors for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and hospital mortality in acute-on-chronic liver failure patients: a retrospective-cohort study. International Journal of Medical Sciences. September 2013, 10 (12): 1625–1631. PMC 3804788  . PMID 24151434. doi:10.7150/ijms.6824. 
8. Garcia-Vidal C, Upton A, Kirby KA, Marr KA. Epidemiology of invasive mold infections in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients: biological risk factors for infection according to time after transplantation. Clinical Infectious Diseases. October 2008, 47 (8): 1041–1050. PMC 2668264  . PMID 18781877. doi:10.1086/591969. 
9. Nam HS, Jeon K, Um SW, Suh GY, Chung MP, Kim H, et al. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis: a review of 43 cases. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. June 2010, 14 (6): e479–e482. PMID 19910234. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2009.07.011  .