^ Friedman, G.M. (2003) Classification of sediments and sedimentary rocks. In Gerard V. Middleton, ed., pp. 127-135, Encyclopedia of Sediments & Sedimentary Rocks, Encyclopedia of Earth Science Series. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, Massachusetts. 821 pp. ISBN 978-1-4020-0872-6
^Friedman, G.M. (2003) Classification of sediments and sedimentary rocks. In Gerard V. Middleton, ed., pp. 127-135, Encyclopedia of Sediments & Sedimentary Rocks, Encyclopedia of Earth Science Series. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, Massachusetts. 821 pp. ISBN 978-1-4020-0872-6
^Neuendorf, K.K.E., J.P. Mehl, Jr., and J.A. Jackson, eds. (2005) Glossary of Geology (5th ed.). Alexandria, Virginia, American Geological Institute. 779 pp. ISBN 0-922152-76-4
^ucker, M. E. (2003) Sedimentary Rocks in the Field, 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons Ltd,West Sussex, England. ISBN 0-470-85123-6
^Williams, G. D. (1966) Origin of Shale-Pebble Conglomerate. American Association of Petroleum Geologist Bulletin. vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 573–577
^Boggs, S. (2006) Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy., 2nd ed. Prentice Hall, New York. 662 pp. ISBN 0-13-154728-3
^PLINT, A.G. (1986), Slump blocks, intraformational conglomerates and associated erosional structures in Pennsylvanian fluvial strata of eastern Canada. Sedimentology, 33: 387-399. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1986.tb00543.x
^Albert Carozzi; An intraformational conglomerate by mixed sedimentation in the upper Cretaceous of the Roc-de-Chere, autochthonous chains of High Savoy, France. Journal of Sedimentary Research 1956;; 26 (3): 253–257. doi: https://doi.org/10.1306/74D705F6-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D
^Chudzikiewicz, Leszek. "Intraformational conglomerates in the Gogolin beds (Middle Triassic, southern Poland)." Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae. Vol. 45. No. 1. 1975.
^Kaźmierczak, J., & Goldring, R. (1978). Subtidal flat-pebble conglomerate from the Upper Devonian of Poland: A multiprovenant high-energy product. Geological Magazine, 115(5), 359-366. doi:10.1017/S0016756800037377
^Paul M. Myrow, Lauren Tice, Bonny Archuleta, Bryn Clark, John F. Taylor and Robert L. Ripperdan（2004）Flat-pebble conglomerate: its multiple origins and relationship to metre-scale depositional cycles。Sedimentology, Volume 51, Number 5, Page 973。DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2004.00657.x
十月 18, 2023
层内砾岩, 层内礫岩, 英語, intraformational, conglomerate, 是碎屑顆粒為卵石大小的沉積物之一種, 礫岩可根據礫石顆粒的來源分類, 如果這些礫石碎屑的礦物組成, 與基質顯著不同, 因此可能來自更古老的地層或來自沉積盆地之外地區, 該礫岩被稱為层外砾岩, 如果這些碎屑與基質的岩性相同的礦物組成, 則是來自準同生沉積盆地內的岩石, 則該礫岩被稱為层内礫岩, 鑒定层内礫岩的兩種公認指標是根據卵石顆粒的組成及形狀, 若卵石顆粒是由泥屑組成, 不論其形狀, 代表其搬運距離短, 因爲泥屑顆粒在. 层内礫岩 英語 Intraformational conglomerate 是碎屑顆粒為卵石大小的沉積物之一種 礫岩可根據礫石顆粒的來源分類 1 如果這些礫石碎屑的礦物組成 與基質顯著不同 因此可能來自更古老的地層或來自沉積盆地之外地區 該礫岩被稱為层外砾岩 如果這些碎屑與基質的岩性相同的礦物組成 則是來自準同生沉積盆地內的岩石 則該礫岩被稱為层内礫岩 2 鑒定层内礫岩的兩種公認指標是根據卵石顆粒的組成及形狀 若卵石顆粒是由泥屑組成 不論其形狀 代表其搬運距離短 因爲泥屑顆粒在搬運途中 易於被破壞 不易保存 3 第二種鑒定指標是卵石顆粒的的形狀 若是扁平的卵石顆粒 也代表短途搬運 4 經短途搬運而形成的沉積物 其碎屑顆粒的礦物組成與基質相似 形成 编辑 层内礫岩在准同生期尚處在半結固狀態時 經侵蝕破壞和再沉積而成的礫石沉積物 通常是在淺水環境中形成 5 由泥屑卵石顆粒組成的层内礫岩 通常實在河道內或湖邊等環境中的侵蝕作用形成 由扁平卵石組成的层内礫岩則是在淺海底部或潮汐流沿海岸線地區 經由風暴或海嘯侵蝕潮灘而形成的 在這地區 海底為平坦的半固結的石灰泥碎屑岩 當強流通過時 這些半固結的石灰泥碎屑岩被破壞而掀起 6 层内礫岩的形成與不整合有關 在加拿大Nova Scotia賓夕法尼亞紀的河流相砂岩地層中有很多的侵蝕結構 在泥岩面上留下多處侵蝕面 指出曝露水面的證據 坍塌及層內礫岩都與侵蝕面有關 7 层内礫岩在海進的初期也能形成 在法國Haute Savoie 地區 其白堊紀的礫岩層由不同形狀的卵石構成 卵石顆粒是由海底的石灰質泥岩在半固結狀態被斷裂和重新沉積而形成层内礫岩 8 海底侵蝕亦可形成层内礫岩 在波蘭的三叠紀Gogolin 的礫岩層 其卵石顆粒多爲扁平狀 由化學沉積的微晶石構成 很少碎屑物 這些卵石顆粒是當風暴來臨時 波浪基底下降 而造成水下侵蝕 並掀起海底的半固結沉積物 9 同樣在波蘭一套上泥盆紀的礫岩層 卵石顆粒爲扁平狀鈣質和泥晶質卵石 它們是在潮間帶 經由風暴潮或海嘯造成海底溝流 而分裂海底半固結沉積物 形成层内礫岩 其中卵石顆粒的位移很少 10 由風暴或海嘯造成的层内礫岩也在美國懷俄明州和蒙大拿州南部也被發現 11 參考文獻 编辑 Friedman G M 2003 Classification of sediments and sedimentary rocks In Gerard V Middleton ed pp 127 135 Encyclopedia of Sediments amp Sedimentary Rocks Encyclopedia of Earth Science Series Kluwer Academic Publishers Boston Massachusetts 821 pp ISBN 978 1 4020 0872 6 Friedman G M 2003 Classification of sediments and sedimentary rocks In Gerard V Middleton ed pp 127 135 Encyclopedia of Sediments amp Sedimentary Rocks Encyclopedia of Earth Science Series Kluwer Academic Publishers Boston Massachusetts 821 pp ISBN 978 1 4020 0872 6 Neuendorf K K E J P Mehl Jr and J A Jackson eds 2005 Glossary of Geology 5th ed Alexandria Virginia American Geological Institute 779 pp ISBN 0 922152 76 4 ucker M E 2003 Sedimentary Rocks in the Field 3rd ed John Wiley amp Sons Ltd West Sussex England ISBN 0 470 85123 6 Williams G D 1966 Origin of Shale Pebble Conglomerate American Association of Petroleum Geologist Bulletin vol 50 no 3 pp 573 577 Boggs S 2006 Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy 2nd ed Prentice Hall New York 662 pp ISBN 0 13 154728 3 PLINT A G 1986 Slump blocks intraformational conglomerates and associated erosional structures in Pennsylvanian fluvial strata of eastern Canada Sedimentology 33 387 399 https doi org 10 1111 j 1365 3091 1986 tb00543 x Albert Carozzi An intraformational conglomerate by mixed sedimentation in the upper Cretaceous of the Roc de Chere autochthonous chains of High Savoy France Journal of Sedimentary Research 1956 26 3 253 257 doi https doi org 10 1306 74D705F6 2B21 11D7 8648000102C1865D Chudzikiewicz Leszek Intraformational conglomerates in the Gogolin beds Middle Triassic southern Poland Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae Vol 45 No 1 1975 Kazmierczak J amp Goldring R 1978 Subtidal flat pebble conglomerate from the Upper Devonian of Poland A multiprovenant high energy product Geological Magazine 115 5 359 366 doi 10 1017 S0016756800037377 Paul M Myrow Lauren Tice Bonny Archuleta Bryn Clark John F Taylor and Robert L Ripperdan 2004 Flat pebble conglomerate its multiple origins and relationship to metre scale depositional cycles Sedimentology Volume 51 Number 5 Page 973 DOI 10 1111 j 1365 3091 2004 00657 x 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 层内砾岩 amp oldid 77914974, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，
