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维基百科

多梳家族蛋白

多梳家族蛋白(英語:Polycomb-group proteins)是在果蝇中首次发现的能够重塑染色质从而使基因表观遗传上沉默的一类蛋白质家族。多梳家族蛋白因其可在黑腹果蝇胚胎發育过程中通过调整染色质结构沉默同源异形基因而著名[1]

昆虫中

果蝇属英语Drosophila三胸家族英语Trithorax-group proteins(trxG)与多梳家族(PcG)蛋白的作用是相互拮抗的,他们都与被称为细胞记忆模块英语Cellular Memory Modules(CMMs)的染色体元件发生相互作用。三胸家族(trxG)蛋白维持着基因表达的活性状态,多梳家族(PcG)蛋白通过抑制染色体活性而对冲这种激活作用,这种抑制功能在多个细胞世代中一直保持稳定,只能通过生殖细胞分化过程才能得到逆转。多梳基因复合物所介导的沉默至少需要三类多蛋白复合物:PRC1(多梳抑制复合物1)、PRC2与PhoRC。这些复合物共同作用才能达到抑制的效果。

哺乳动物中

多梳家族的基因表达在哺乳动物中对发育的多个方面有着重要作用[2]。Bmi1多梳RING指结构域蛋白促使神经干细胞自我更新[3][4]。鼠科PRC2基因的无效突变体会导致胚胎死亡,但大多数PRC1的突变体则生下来就是同源异形突变体,后者导致围生期死亡。相反的是PcG蛋白过表达会与多种肿瘤的严重程度和侵袭力成正相关[5]。哺乳动物的PRC1核心复合物与果蝇的非常相似。已知多梳Bmi1可调ink4基因座(p16Ink4ap19Arf[3][6]

植物中

 
多梳基因FIE在未受精卵(右)中表达(蓝色);但在正处于发育过程的二倍孢子体(左)中表达终止。

PcG蛋白FIE在小立碗藓英语Physcomitrella patens中特异性表达于如未受精卵细胞等的干细胞中,这一点通过组织化学GUS染色后显示出的蓝色进行识别。在受精后的早期胚胎FIE基因很快失活[7][8]

对于哺乳动物中:保持细胞处于分化状态来说,PcG是必不可少的;植物中则不是这样的:继发地缺失PcG会导致去分化,促进胚胎发育[9]

多梳家族蛋白通过沉默开花基因座C基因而干扰其对开花的控制[10]。开花基因座C基因是植物中抑制开花通路中的关键环节,在冬季该基因是被沉默的,这被认为是干扰植物春化现象的主要因素[11]

参考文献

  1. ^ Portoso M, Cavalli G. The Role of RNAi and Noncoding RNAs in Polycomb Mediated Control of Gene Expression and Genomic Programming. Morris KV (编). RNA and the Regulation of Gene Expression: A Hidden Layer of Complexity. Caister Academic Press. 2008: 29–44 [2013-11-03]. ISBN 978-1-904455-25-7. (原始内容于2014-01-02). 
  2. ^ Ku M, Koche RP, Rheinbay E, Mendenhall EM, Endoh M, Mikkelsen TS, Presser A, Nusbaum C, Xie X, Chi AS, Adli M, Kasif S, Ptaszek LM, Cowan CA, Lander ES, Koseki H, Bernstein BE. Genomewide analysis of PRC1 and PRC2 occupancy identifies two classes of bivalent domains. PLOS Genetics. 2008, 4 (10): e1000242 [2013-11-03]. PMID 18974828. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000242. (原始内容于2015-01-11). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Molofsky AV, He S, Bydon M, Morrison SJ, Pardal R. Bmi-1 promotes neural stem cell self-renewal and neural development but not mouse growth and survival by repressing the p16Ink4a and p19Arf senescence pathways. Genes & Development. 2005, 19 (12): 1432–1437 [2013-11-03]. PMC 1151659 . PMID 15964994. doi:10.1101/gad.1299505. (原始内容于2021-05-25). 
  4. ^ Park IK, Morrison SJ, Clarke MF. Bmi1, stem cells, and senescence regulation. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2004, 113 (2): 175–179 [2013-11-03]. PMC 311443 . PMID 14722607. doi:10.1172/JCI20800. (原始内容于2020-07-28). 
  5. ^ Sauvageau M, Sauvageau G. Polycomb group genes: keeping stem cell activity in balance. PLoS Biol. April 2008, 6 (4): e113. PMC 2689701 . PMID 18447587. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060113. 
  6. ^ Popov N, Gil J. Epigenetic regulation of the INK4b-ARF-INK4a locus: in sickness and in health (PDF). EPIGENETICS. 2010, 5 (8): 685–690 [2013-11-03]. PMC 3052884 . PMID 20716961. doi:10.4161/epi.5.8.12996. (原始内容于2020-05-11). 
  7. ^ Mosquna A, Katz A, Decker EL, Rensing SA, Reski R, Ohad N. Regulation of stem cell maintenance by the Polyclmb protein FIE has been conserved during land plant evolution. Development. July 2009, 136 (14): 2433–44. PMID 19542356. doi:10.1242/dev.035048. 
  8. ^ The Polycomb gene FIE is expressed (blue) in unfertilised egg cells of the moss Physcomitrella patens (right) and expression ceases after fertilisation in the developing diploid sporophyte (left). In situ GUS staining of two female sex organs (archegonia) of a transgenic plant expressing a translational fusion of FIE-uidA under control of the native FIE promoter. 存档副本. [2009-07-03]. (原始内容于2009-06-26). 
  9. ^ Aichinger E, Villar CB, Farrona S, Reyes JC, Hennig L, Köhler C. CHD3 proteins and polycomb group proteins antagonistically determine cell identity in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet. August 2009, 5 (8): e1000605. PMC 2718830 . PMID 19680533. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000605. 
  10. ^ Jiang D, Wang Y, Wang Y, He Y. Repression of FLOWERING LOCUS C and FLOWERING LOCUS T by the Arabidopsis Polycomb repressive complex 2 components. PLoS ONE. 2008, 3 (10): e3404. PMC 2561057 . PMID 18852898. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003404. 
  11. ^ Sheldon CC, Rouse DT, Finnegan EJ, Peacock WJ, Dennis ES. The molecular basis of vernalization: the central role of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. March 2000, 97 (7): 3753–8. PMC 16312 . PMID 10716723. doi:10.1073/pnas.060023597. 

深入阅读

  • Schwartz YB, Pirrotta V. Polycomb silencing mechanisms and the management of genomic programmes. Nat. Rev. Genet. January 2007, 8 (1): 9–22. PMID 17173055. doi:10.1038/nrg1981. 
  • Schuettengruber B, Chourrout D, Vervoort M, Leblanc B, Cavalli G. Genome regulation by polycomb and trithorax proteins. Cell. February 2007, 128 (4): 735–45. PMID 17320510. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.009. 
  • Pirrotta V, Li HB. "A view of nuclear Polycomb bodies." Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2012 Apr;22(2):101-9. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2011.11.004. PMID: 22178420 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆

外部链接

  • polycomb group proteins. Humpath.com. (原始内容于2020-09-30). 
  • The Polycomb and Trithorax page of the Cavalli lab (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) This page contains useful information on Polycomb and trithorax proteins, in the form of an introduction, links to published reviews, list of Polycomb and trithorax proteins, illustrative power point slides and a link to a genome browser showing the genome-wide distribution of these proteins in Drosophila melanogaster.
  • Drosophila Genes in Development: Polycomb-group in the Homeobox Genes DataBase
  • Chromatin organization and the Polycomb and Trithorax groups (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) in The Interactive Fly

多梳家族蛋白, 英語, polycomb, group, proteins, 是在果蝇中首次发现的能够重塑染色质从而使基因在表观遗传上沉默的一类蛋白质家族, 因其可在黑腹果蝇的胚胎發育过程中通过调整染色质结构沉默同源异形基因而著名, 目录, 昆虫中, 哺乳动物中, 植物中, 参考文献, 深入阅读, 外部链接昆虫中, 编辑果蝇属, 英语, drosophila, 的三胸家族, 英语, trithorax, group, proteins, trxg, 与多梳家族, 蛋白的作用是相互拮抗的, 他们都与被称为细胞记忆模块. 多梳家族蛋白 英語 Polycomb group proteins 是在果蝇中首次发现的能够重塑染色质从而使基因在表观遗传上沉默的一类蛋白质家族 多梳家族蛋白因其可在黑腹果蝇的胚胎發育过程中通过调整染色质结构沉默同源异形基因而著名 1 目录 1 昆虫中 2 哺乳动物中 3 植物中 4 参考文献 5 深入阅读 6 外部链接昆虫中 编辑果蝇属 英语 Drosophila 的三胸家族 英语 Trithorax group proteins trxG 与多梳家族 PcG 蛋白的作用是相互拮抗的 他们都与被称为细胞记忆模块 英语 Cellular Memory Modules CMMs 的染色体元件发生相互作用 三胸家族 trxG 蛋白维持着基因表达的活性状态 多梳家族 PcG 蛋白通过抑制染色体活性而对冲这种激活作用 这种抑制功能在多个细胞世代中一直保持稳定 只能通过生殖细胞分化过程才能得到逆转 多梳基因复合物所介导的沉默至少需要三类多蛋白复合物 PRC1 多梳抑制复合物1 PRC2与PhoRC 这些复合物共同作用才能达到抑制的效果 哺乳动物中 编辑多梳家族的基因表达在哺乳动物中对发育的多个方面有着重要作用 2 Bmi1多梳RING指结构域蛋白促使神经干细胞自我更新 3 4 鼠科PRC2基因的无效突变体会导致胚胎死亡 但大多数PRC1的突变体则生下来就是同源异形突变体 后者导致围生期死亡 相反的是PcG蛋白过表达会与多种肿瘤的严重程度和侵袭力成正相关 5 哺乳动物的PRC1核心复合物与果蝇的非常相似 已知多梳Bmi1可调ink4基因座 p16Ink4a和p19Arf 3 6 植物中 编辑 多梳基因FIE在未受精卵 右 中表达 蓝色 但在正处于发育过程的二倍孢子体 左 中表达终止 PcG蛋白FIE在小立碗藓 英语 Physcomitrella patens 中特异性表达于如未受精卵细胞等的干细胞中 这一点通过组织化学GUS染色后显示出的蓝色进行识别 在受精后的早期胚胎FIE基因很快失活 7 8 对于哺乳动物中 保持细胞处于分化状态来说 PcG是必不可少的 植物中则不是这样的 继发地缺失PcG会导致去分化 促进胚胎发育 9 多梳家族蛋白通过沉默开花基因座C基因而干扰其对开花的控制 10 开花基因座C基因是植物中抑制开花通路中的关键环节 在冬季该基因是被沉默的 这被认为是干扰植物春化现象的主要因素 11 参考文献 编辑 Portoso M Cavalli G The Role of RNAi and Noncoding RNAs in Polycomb Mediated Control of Gene Expression and Genomic Programming Morris KV 编 RNA and the Regulation of Gene Expression A Hidden Layer of Complexity Caister Academic Press 2008 29 44 2013 11 03 ISBN 978 1 904455 25 7 原始内容存档于2014 01 02 Ku M Koche RP Rheinbay E Mendenhall EM Endoh M Mikkelsen TS Presser A Nusbaum C Xie X Chi AS Adli M Kasif S Ptaszek LM Cowan CA Lander ES Koseki H Bernstein BE Genomewide analysis of PRC1 and PRC2 occupancy identifies two classes of bivalent domains PLOS Genetics 2008 4 10 e1000242 2013 11 03 PMID 18974828 doi 10 1371 journal pgen 1000242 原始内容存档于2015 01 11 3 0 3 1 Molofsky AV He S Bydon M Morrison SJ Pardal R Bmi 1 promotes neural stem cell self renewal and neural development but not mouse growth and survival by repressing the p16Ink4a and p19Arf senescence pathways Genes amp Development 2005 19 12 1432 1437 2013 11 03 PMC 1151659 PMID 15964994 doi 10 1101 gad 1299505 原始内容存档于2021 05 25 Park IK Morrison SJ Clarke MF Bmi1 stem cells and senescence regulation Journal of Clinical Investigation 2004 113 2 175 179 2013 11 03 PMC 311443 PMID 14722607 doi 10 1172 JCI20800 原始内容存档于2020 07 28 Sauvageau M Sauvageau G Polycomb group genes keeping stem cell activity in balance PLoS Biol April 2008 6 4 e113 PMC 2689701 PMID 18447587 doi 10 1371 journal pbio 0060113 Popov N Gil J Epigenetic regulation of the INK4b ARF INK4a locus in sickness and in health PDF EPIGENETICS 2010 5 8 685 690 2013 11 03 PMC 3052884 PMID 20716961 doi 10 4161 epi 5 8 12996 原始内容存档于2020 05 11 Mosquna A Katz A Decker EL Rensing SA Reski R Ohad N Regulation of stem cell maintenance by the Polyclmb protein FIE has been conserved during land plant evolution Development July 2009 136 14 2433 44 PMID 19542356 doi 10 1242 dev 035048 The Polycomb gene FIE is expressed blue in unfertilised egg cells of the moss Physcomitrella patens right and expression ceases after fertilisation in the developing diploid sporophyte left In situ GUS staining of two female sex organs archegonia of a transgenic plant expressing a translational fusion of FIE uidA under control of the native FIE promoter 存档副本 2009 07 03 原始内容存档于2009 06 26 Aichinger E Villar CB Farrona S Reyes JC Hennig L Kohler C CHD3 proteins and polycomb group proteins antagonistically determine cell identity in Arabidopsis PLoS Genet August 2009 5 8 e1000605 PMC 2718830 PMID 19680533 doi 10 1371 journal pgen 1000605 Jiang D Wang Y Wang Y He Y Repression of FLOWERING LOCUS C and FLOWERING LOCUS T by the Arabidopsis Polycomb repressive complex 2 components PLoS ONE 2008 3 10 e3404 PMC 2561057 PMID 18852898 doi 10 1371 journal pone 0003404 Sheldon CC Rouse DT Finnegan EJ Peacock WJ Dennis ES The molecular basis of vernalization the central role of FLOWERING LOCUS C FLC Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A March 2000 97 7 3753 8 PMC 16312 PMID 10716723 doi 10 1073 pnas 060023597 深入阅读 编辑Schwartz YB Pirrotta V Polycomb silencing mechanisms and the management of genomic programmes Nat Rev Genet January 2007 8 1 9 22 PMID 17173055 doi 10 1038 nrg1981 Schuettengruber B Chourrout D Vervoort M Leblanc B Cavalli G Genome regulation by polycomb and trithorax proteins Cell February 2007 128 4 735 45 PMID 17320510 doi 10 1016 j cell 2007 02 009 Pirrotta V Li HB A view of nuclear Polycomb bodies Curr Opin Genet Dev 2012 Apr 22 2 101 9 doi 10 1016 j gde 2011 11 004 PMID 22178420 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 外部链接 编辑polycomb group proteins Humpath com 原始内容存档于2020 09 30 The Polycomb and Trithorax page of the Cavalli lab 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 This page contains useful information on Polycomb and trithorax proteins in the form of an introduction links to published reviews list of Polycomb and trithorax proteins illustrative power point slides and a link to a genome browser showing the genome wide distribution of these proteins in Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila Genes in Development Polycomb group in the Homeobox Genes DataBase Chromatin organization and the Polycomb and Trithorax groups 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 in The Interactive Fly醫學主題詞表 MeSH polycomb group proteins 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 多梳家族蛋白 amp oldid 71278568, 维基百科,wiki,书籍,书籍,图书馆,

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