^There were about 1,000 graphemes in the Old Kingdom period, reduced to around 750 to 850 in the classical language of the Middle Kingdom, but inflated to the order of some 5,000 signs in the Ptolemaic period. Antonio Loprieno, Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1995), p. 12.
^The standard inventory of characters used in Egyptology is 加汀納符號表 (1928–1953). A.H. Gardiner (1928), Catalogue of the Egyptian hieroglyphic printing type, from matrices owned and controlled by Dr. Alan Gardiner, "Additions to the new hieroglyphic fount (1928)", in The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 15 (1929), p. 95; , "Additions to the new hieroglyphic fount (1931)", in The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 17 (1931), pp. 245-247; A.H. Gardiner , "Supplement to the catalogue of the Egyptian hieroglyphic printing type, showing acquisitions to December 1953" (1953). Unicode Egyptian Hieroglyphs(英语:Egyptian Hieroglyphs (Unicode block)) as of version 5.2 (2009) assigned 1,070 Unicode characters.
^Richard Mattessich. The oldest writings, and inventory tags of Egypt (PDF). Accounting Historians Journal. 2002, 29 (1): 195–208. JSTOR 40698264.[永久失效連結]
延伸閱讀编辑
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Allen, James P. Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs. Cambridge University Press. 1999. ISBN 0521774837.
Collier, Mark & Bill Manley. How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs: a step-by-step guide to teach yourself. British Museum Press. 1998. ISBN 0-7141-1910-5.
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Kamrin, Janice. Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs: A Practical Guide. Harry N. Abrams, Inc. 2004. ISBN 0-8109-4961-X.
McDonald, Angela. Write Your Own Egyptian Hieroglyphs. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007 (paperback, ISBN 978-0-520-25235-6).