卡尔·格什曼（Carl Gershman，1943年7月20日—）[1]是美国政治人物，自1984年以来一直担任美国国家民主基金会主席。[2]里根擔任美國總統期間，格什曼曾担任美国驻联合国人权理事会大使（英语：United States Ambassador to the United Nations Human Rights Council）。
Gershman, Carl, The foreign policy of American labor, SAGE policy papers 3, 战略与国际研究中心, 乔治城大学, Washington D.C. (Washington Papers 29), 賽吉出版公司: 1–82, December 1975, ISBN 978-0-8039-0572-6 Gershman, Carl, The foreign policy of American labor, SAGE policy papers 3, 战略与国际研究中心, 乔治城大学, Washington D.C. (Washington Papers 29), 賽吉出版公司: 1–82, December 1975, ISBN 978-0-8039-0572-6
Gershman, Carl, Capitalism, socialism, and democracy, SD Papers 1, discussions also by 悉尼·胡克, Bayard Rustin（英语：Bayard Rustin）, and Penn Kemble（英语：Penn Kemble）, New York: Social Democrats, USA: 7–9, 1978, Selected Reprints from Commentary (magazine)（英语：Commentary (magazine)） (April 1978) pp. 29–71 Gershman, Carl, Capitalism, socialism, and democracy, SD Papers 1, discussions also by 悉尼·胡克, Bayard Rustin（英语：Bayard Rustin）, and Penn Kemble（英语：Penn Kemble）, New York: Social Democrats, USA: 7–9, 1978, Selected Reprints from Commentary (magazine)（英语：Commentary (magazine)） (April 1978) pp. 29–71
Rustin, Bayard; Gershman, Carl. Africa, Soviet imperialism and the retreat of American power. SD papers 2. New York: Social Democrats, USA. 1978.
Gershman, Carl. After the dominoes fell. Commentary. SD papers (New York: Social Democrats, USA). May 1978, 3: 89–93.
Gershman, Carl. The world according to Andrew Young. SD papers 4. New York: Social Democrats, USA. 1978. Reprinted from Commentary (magazine)（英语：Commentary (magazine)） (August 1978).
Gershman, Carl. Selling them the rope: Business and the Soviets. SD papers 6. New York: Social Democrats, USA. 1979. Reprinted from Commentary (magazine)（英语：Commentary (magazine)） (April 1979).
Gershman, Carl. Totalitarian menace (Controversies: Detente and the left after Afghanistan). Society (New York: Transactions (purchased by Springer)). November 3, 1980, 18 (1): 9–15. ISSN 0147-2011. doi:10.1007/BF02694835.
Gershman, Carl, The polity: Commentary, Freedman, Rita (编), Does America need a social democratic movement?, Following commentary by Jim Chapin（英语：Jim Chapin） (pp. 86–89) on panel presentations by 西摩·马丁·利普塞特 (pp. 71–75), Will Marshall（英语：Will Marshall） (pp. 76–81), and Fred Siegel（英语：Fred Siegel） (pp. 81–86), chaired by Ronald Radosh（英语：Ronald Radosh） (p. 85), Washington, DC: Social Democrats, USA: 89–93, 1993, Gershman discusses American social democracy as a form of radical-democratic Americanism (ideology)（英语：Americanism (ideology)）, which has been properly inspired more by 托马斯·杰斐逊, 詹姆斯·麦迪逊, and 伍德罗·威尔逊 than by 卡尔·马克思 and 爱德华·伯恩斯坦.
Gershman, Carl, A democracy strategy for the Middle East, National Endowment for Democracy, December 12, 2003 [2020-08-10], （原始内容于2014-07-06）
Gershman, Carl, Remarks by Carl Gershman at a photo exhibition commemorating the 30th anniversary of the founding of Solidarity (The phenomenon of Solidarity: Pictures from the history of Poland, 1980-1981; Woodrow Wilson Center), Washington D.C.: National Endowment for Democracy, August 29, 2011 [2020-08-10], （原始内容于2015-05-18）
Bernstein, Carl. . 時代雜誌 U.S. February 24, 1992: 28–35 [2020-08-10]. （原始内容存档于2013-08-25）.
Domber, Gregory F., Supporting the revolution: America, democracy, and the end of the Cold War in Poland, 1981–1989 (Ph.D. dissertation (September 12, 2007), 喬治·華盛頓大學): 1–506, 2008 [2020-08-10], ISBN 978-0-549-38516-5, Winner of the "2009 Betty M. Unterberger Prize for Best Dissertation on United States Foreign Policy from the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations", （原始内容于2016-05-20） Revised and incorporated in Domber, Gregory F. Empowering Revolution: America, Poland, and the End of the Cold War. The New Cold War History. University of North Carolina Press books. 2014 [2020-08-10]. ISBN 9781469618517. （原始内容于2020-08-19）.
Gershman, Carl. Totalitarian menace (Controversies: Detente and the left after Afghanistan). Society (New York: Transactions (purchased by Springer)). November 3, 1980, 18 (1): 9–15. ISSN 0147-2011. doi:10.1007/BF02694835.
Harrington, Michael. Nuclear threat (Controversies: Detente and the left after Afghanistan). Society (New York: Transactions (purchased by Springer)). November 3, 1980, 18 (1): 16–21. ISSN 0147-2011. doi:10.1007/BF02694836.
Lipset, Seymour Martin. Neoconservatism: Myth and reality. Society (New York: Transactions (purchased by Springer)). July 4, 1988, 25 (5): 29–37. ISSN 0147-2011. doi:10.1007/BF02695739.
Massing, Michael. Trotsky's orphans: From Bolshevism to Reaganism. The New Republic. 1987: 18–22.
Nossiter, Bernard D. New team at U.N.: Common roots and philosophies. The New York Times Late City final. March 3, 1981. section A, p. 2, col. 3 [2020-08-10]. （原始内容于2018-08-15）.
Pear, Robert. U.S. supporting Solidarity fight. Albany Times Union (Albany, NY). 10 July 1988 [14 April 2012]. (subscription required). （原始内容存档于2013-01-25）.
Puddington, Arch. Surviving the underground: How American unions helped Solidarity win. American Educator (American Federation of Teachers). 2005, (Summer) [June 4, 2011]. （原始内容于2014-10-06）.
Puddington, Arch. Lane Kirkland: Champion of American labor. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley and Sons. 2005K. ISBN 0-471-41694-0.
Thiel, Rainer. Nested games of external democracy promotion: The United States and the Polish liberalization 1980-1989. VS Verlag. 2010: 179–235, especially 204 and 231 [2020-08-10]. ISBN 978-3-531-17769-4. （原始内容于2020-09-26）.
卡尔, 格什曼, carl, gershman, 1943年7月20日, 是美国政治人物, 自1984年以来一直担任美国国家民主基金会主席, 里根擔任美國總統期間, 格什曼曾担任美国驻联合国人权理事会大使, 英语, united, states, ambassador, united, nations, human, rights, council, carl, gershman美国国家民主基金会總裁现任就任日期, 1984个人资料出生, 1943, 1943年7月20日, 80歲, 美國纽约母校耶鲁大学, 文学士. 卡尔 格什曼 Carl Gershman 1943年7月20日 1 是美国政治人物 自1984年以来一直担任美国国家民主基金会主席 2 里根擔任美國總統期間 格什曼曾担任美国驻联合国人权理事会大使 英语 United States Ambassador to the United Nations Human Rights Council 卡尔 格什曼Carl Gershman美国国家民主基金会總裁现任就任日期 1984个人资料出生 1943 07 20 1943年7月20日 80歲 美國纽约母校耶鲁大学 文学士 哈佛大学教育研究生院 英语 Harvard Graduate School of Education 教育学硕士 目录 1 政治活动 2 榮譽 2 1 外国勋章奖章 2 2 奖项 3 出版物 4 參考文獻 5 外部來源政治活动 编辑2020年8月10日 為了報復美國財政部宣布制裁林鄭月娥等11名侵犯人權及損害香港自治的中港官員 中华人民共和国外交部发言人赵立坚宣布 对格什曼等11名支持香港民主運動的美國議員及民間人士實施制裁 3 榮譽 编辑外国勋章奖章 编辑 骑士级波兰共和国功绩勋章 英语 Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland 2 修交勋章兴仁章 韩国 2011年12月30日批准 4 大绶景星勋章 中华民国 2019年12月10日批准 同日于台北颁发 5 奖项 编辑 国际声援西藏运动真相奖 喬治 華盛頓大學总统奖出版物 编辑Gershman Carl The foreign policy of American labor SAGE policy papers 3 战略与国际研究中心 乔治城大学 Washington D C Washington Papers 29 賽吉出版公司 1 82 December 1975 ISBN 978 0 8039 0572 6 Gershman Carl The foreign policy of American labor SAGE policy papers 3 战略与国际研究中心 乔治城大学 Washington D C Washington Papers 29 賽吉出版公司 1 82 December 1975 ISBN 978 0 8039 0572 6 Gershman Carl Capitalism socialism and democracy SD Papers 1 discussions also by 悉尼 胡克 Bayard Rustin 英语 Bayard Rustin and Penn Kemble 英语 Penn Kemble New York Social Democrats USA 7 9 1978 Selected Reprints from Commentary magazine 英语 Commentary magazine April 1978 pp 29 71 Gershman Carl Capitalism socialism and democracy SD Papers 1 discussions also by 悉尼 胡克 Bayard Rustin 英语 Bayard Rustin and Penn Kemble 英语 Penn Kemble New York Social Democrats USA 7 9 1978 Selected Reprints from Commentary magazine 英语 Commentary magazine April 1978 pp 29 71 Rustin Bayard Gershman Carl Africa Soviet imperialism and the retreat of American power SD papers 2 New York Social Democrats USA 1978 Gershman Carl After the dominoes fell Commentary SD papers New York Social Democrats USA May 1978 3 89 93 Gershman Carl The world according to Andrew Young SD papers 4 New York Social Democrats USA 1978 Reprinted from Commentary magazine 英语 Commentary magazine August 1978 Gershman Carl Selling them the rope Business and the Soviets SD papers 6 New York Social Democrats USA 1979 Reprinted from Commentary magazine 英语 Commentary magazine April 1979 Gershman Carl Totalitarian menace Controversies Detente and the left after Afghanistan Society New York Transactions purchased by Springer November 3 1980 18 1 9 15 ISSN 0147 2011 doi 10 1007 BF02694835 Gershman Carl The polity Commentary Freedman Rita 编 Does America need a social democratic movement Following commentary by Jim Chapin 英语 Jim Chapin pp 86 89 on panel presentations by 西摩 马丁 利普塞特 pp 71 75 Will Marshall 英语 Will Marshall pp 76 81 and Fred Siegel 英语 Fred Siegel pp 81 86 chaired by Ronald Radosh 英语 Ronald Radosh p 85 Washington DC Social Democrats USA 89 93 1993 Gershman discusses American social democracy as a form of radical democratic Americanism ideology 英语 Americanism ideology which has been properly inspired more by 托马斯 杰斐逊 詹姆斯 麦迪逊 and 伍德罗 威尔逊 than by 卡尔 马克思 and 爱德华 伯恩斯坦 Gershman Carl A democracy strategy for the Middle East National Endowment for Democracy December 12 2003 2020 08 10 原始内容存档于2014 07 06 Gershman Carl Gutierrez Orlando Ferment in civil society Can Cuba change PDF 民主期刊 January 2009 20 1 36 54 August 13 2011 doi 10 1353 jod 0 0051 原始内容 PDF 存档于2009 09 18 Gershman Carl Remarks by Carl Gershman at a photo exhibition commemorating the 30th anniversary of the founding of Solidarity The phenomenon of Solidarity Pictures from the history of Poland 1980 1981 Woodrow Wilson Center Washington D C National Endowment for Democracy August 29 2011 2020 08 10 原始内容存档于2015 05 18 參考文獻 编辑 Reed 1999 2 0 2 1 Meet Our President 美国国家民主基金会 2008 08 05 原始内容存档于2008 04 26 2020年8月10日外交部发言人赵立坚主持例行记者会 中华人民共和国外交部 www fmprc gov cn 2020 08 11 原始内容存档于2020 10 27 韓文 상훈기록 공개 칼 거쉬만 대한민국 상훈 2022 06 08 原始内容存档于2022 06 19 總統出席 第14屆亞洲民主人權獎頒獎典禮暨授勳 及接受媒體相關時事提問 中華民國總統府 2019 12 10 2022 07 23 原始内容存档于2022 08 18 外部來源 编辑Bernstein Carl The holy alliance Ronald Reagan and John Paul II How Reagan and the Pope conspired to assist Poland s Solidarity movement and hasten the demise of Communism Cover story 時代雜誌 U S February 24 1992 28 35 2020 08 10 原始内容存档于2013 08 25 Domber Gregory F Supporting the revolution America democracy and the end of the Cold War in Poland 1981 1989 Ph D dissertation September 12 2007 喬治 華盛頓大學 1 506 2008 2020 08 10 ISBN 978 0 549 38516 5 Winner of the 2009 Betty M Unterberger Prize for Best Dissertation on United States Foreign Policy from the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations 原始内容存档于2016 05 20 Revised and incorporated in Domber Gregory F Empowering Revolution America Poland and the End of the Cold War The New Cold War History University of North Carolina Press books 2014 2020 08 10 ISBN 9781469618517 原始内容存档于2020 08 19 Gershman Carl Totalitarian menace Controversies Detente and the left after Afghanistan Society New York Transactions purchased by Springer November 3 1980 18 1 9 15 ISSN 0147 2011 doi 10 1007 BF02694835 Harrington Michael Nuclear threat Controversies Detente and the left after Afghanistan Society New York Transactions purchased by Springer November 3 1980 18 1 16 21 ISSN 0147 2011 doi 10 1007 BF02694836 Lipset Seymour Martin Neoconservatism Myth and reality Society New York Transactions purchased by Springer July 4 1988 25 5 29 37 ISSN 0147 2011 doi 10 1007 BF02695739 Massing Michael Trotsky s orphans From Bolshevism to Reaganism The New Republic 1987 18 22 Muravchik Joshua Comrades Commentary magazine 英语 Commentary magazine January 2006 June 15 2007 原始内容存档于2016 03 04 Nossiter Bernard D New team at U N Common roots and philosophies The New York Times Late City final March 3 1981 section A p 2 col 3 2020 08 10 原始内容存档于2018 08 15 Pear Robert U S supporting Solidarity fight Albany Times Union Albany NY 10 July 1988 14 April 2012 subscription required 原始内容存档于2013 01 25 Puddington Arch Surviving the underground How American unions helped Solidarity win American Educator American Federation of Teachers 2005 Summer June 4 2011 原始内容存档于2014 10 06 Puddington Arch Lane Kirkland Champion of American labor Hoboken N J John Wiley and Sons 2005K ISBN 0 471 41694 0 Reed Dale Register of the Carl Gershman papers PDF Stanford CA 胡佛研究所 Archives Stanford University 1999 2011 08 13 原始内容 PDF 存档于2011 08 07 Thiel Rainer Nested games of external democracy promotion The United States and the Polish liberalization 1980 1989 VS Verlag 2010 179 235 especially 204 and 231 2020 08 10 ISBN 978 3 531 17769 4 原始内容存档于2020 09 26 Anonymous Meet our President 美国国家民主基金会 2011 08 13 原始内容存档于2015 06 29 McKew Maxine Carl Gershman America s democrat Sunday Profiles Australia 澳大利亚广播公司 ABC August 20 2006 2011 08 13 原始内容存档于2016 08 18 Reed Dale Register of the Carl Gershman Papers PDF Stanford CA Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University 1999 2011 08 13 原始内容 PDF 存档于2011 08 07 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 卡尔 格什曼 amp oldid 77034671, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，
