^ 1.01.11.2Hopkirk, Peter. Like hidden fire. The Plot to bring down the British Empire. New York: Kodansha Globe. 1994: 281, 283, 287. ISBN 1-56836-127-0.
^Smith 2001，第228頁 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSmith2001 (help): "The results of the March events were immediate and total for the Musavat. Several hundreds of its members were killed in the fighting; up to 12,000 Muslim civilians perished; thousands of others fled Baku in a mass exodus."
^New Republics in the Caucasus. The New York Times Current History. March 1920, 11 (2): 492.
^Michael Smith. Pamiat' ob utratakh i Azerbaidzhanskoe obshchestvo/Traumatic Loss and Azerbaijani. National Memory. Azerbaidzhan i Rossiia: obshchestva i gosudarstva (Azerbaijan and Russia: Societies and States). Sakharov Center. [21 August 2011]. （原始内容于2020-04-01） （俄语）.
^ 7.07.1De Waal, Thomas. The Caucasus: An Introduction. Oxford University Press. 2010: 62. ISBN 978-0-19-539976-9. In the so called March Days of 1918, Baku descended into a mini-civil war, after the Bolsheviks declared war on Musavat Party and then stood by as Dashnak militias rampaged through the city, killing Azerbaijanis indiscriminately
^Suny, Ronald Grigor. The revenge of the past:nationalism, revolution, and the collapse of the Soviet Union. Stanford University Press. 1993: 41–42. ISBN 0-8047-2247-1.
^Buttino, Marco. In a collapsing empire:underdevelopment, ethnic conflicts and nationalisms in the Soviet Union Volume 28. Feltrinelli Editor. 1993: 176. ISBN 88-07-99048-2. Violence increased during the Civil War, with massacres of Azeri Turks – by the combined forced of Armenian Dashnaktsutiun party and the Bolsheviks
^BAKU IN FLAMES AS BATTLE RAGES; 2,000 Killed and 3,000 Wounded in Struggle Between Russians and Mussulmans. New York Times. 20 May 1918: 2 [18 August 2011]. （原始内容于2014-04-14）.
^Land of Eternal Fires: So the little Republic of Azerbaidjan is called – Its territorial dispute with Armenia (PDF). New York Times. 19 October 1919 [22 August 2011]. （原始内容 (PDF)于2020-12-04）.
^Cronin, Stephanie. Reformers and revolutionaries in modern Iran: new perspectives on the Iranian left. Psychology Press. 2004: 91. ISBN 0-415-33128-5. After the 'March Days', the Bolsheviks finally came to power and established their famous Baku Commune in April 1918
^Hovannisian, Richard G. Armenia on the Road to Independence, 1918. Berkeley: University of California press. 1967: 227. ISBN 0-520-00574-0.
^Croissant, Michael P. The Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict: Causes and Implications. London: Praeger. 1998: 15. ISBN 0-275-96241-5.
^Shahumyan, Stepan. Letters 1896–1918. Yerevan: State Publishing House of Armenia. 1959: 63–67. On one side were fighting the Soviet Red Guard; the Red International Army, recently organized by us; the Red Fleet, which we had succeeded in reorganizing in a short time; and Armenian national units. On the other side the Muslim Savage Division in which there were quite a few Russian officers, and bands of armed Muslims, led by the Musavat Party... For us the results of the battle were brilliant. The destruction of the enemy was complete... More than three thousand were killed on both sides
^Croissant, Michael. The Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict: causes and implications. Greenwood Publishing Group. 1998: 14. ISBN 0-275-96241-5. The oil-rich city of Baku had emerged as a stronghold of Bolshevism shortly after the October Russian Revolution, and friction between the Bolsheviks and the pan-Turkic Musavat party sparked a brief civil war in March 1918
^Decree of President of Republic of Azerbaijan about genocide of Azerbaijani people, March 1998
^. www.news.az. [13 May 2014]. （原始内容存档于29 September 2018）.
一月 12, 2024
三月事件, 阿塞拜疆, 三月事件阿塞拜疆, 亚美尼亚战争, 俄國內戰南線的一部分巴庫被殺害的亞塞拜然人日期1918年3月30日至4月2日地点外高加索委員部巴庫参战方布尔什维克, 亚美尼亚革命联盟亞塞拜然平等黨, 英语, musavat, 高加索土著骑兵师, 英语, caucasian, native, cavalry, division, 指挥官与领导者邵武勉梅姆德, 埃明, 拉蘇爾扎德兵力布尔什维克6, 000名士兵, 亚美尼亚革命联盟4, 000名武裝人員, 000名武裝人員, 伤亡与损失2, 500名亞美尼亞. 三月事件阿塞拜疆 亚美尼亚战争 俄國內戰南線的一部分巴庫被殺害的亞塞拜然人日期1918年3月30日至4月2日地点外高加索委員部巴庫参战方布尔什维克 亚美尼亚革命联盟亞塞拜然平等黨 英语 Musavat 高加索土著骑兵师 英语 Caucasian Native Cavalry Division 指挥官与领导者邵武勉梅姆德 埃明 拉蘇爾扎德兵力布尔什维克6 000名士兵 1 亚美尼亚革命联盟4 000名武裝人員 1 10 000名武裝人員 1 伤亡与损失2 500名亞美尼亞人 2 3 000名 3 至12 000名穆斯林 4 三月事件 亞塞拜然語 Mart hadiseleri 是1918年3月30日至4月2日 俄國內戰期間 發生於外高加索委員部巴庫的種族武裝衝突事件 5 6 布爾什維克軍隊與亞美尼亞民族主義組織亞美尼亞革命聯盟合作對抗亞塞拜然平等黨 英语 Musavat 7 8 9 紐約時報報導指 俄羅斯人與穆斯林的衝突中共有2000人死亡與3000人受傷 10 隔年報導又稱共有12 000人罹難 11 事後當地建立短暫的蘇維埃政權巴庫公社 12 同年9月高加索伊斯蘭軍 英语 Islamic Army of the Caucasus 攻佔巴庫 爆發了上萬名亞美尼亞人被屠殺的九月事件 13 14 多數來源將三月事件解讀為內戰衝突 7 15 16 17 18 亞塞拜然方則將此事件視為種族屠殺 19 20 2013年9月18日庫巴的種族滅絕紀念碑由亞塞拜然總統伊利哈姆 阿利耶夫揭幕 紀念三月事件的罹難者 21 參考文獻 编辑 1 0 1 1 1 2 Hopkirk Peter Like hidden fire The Plot to bring down the British Empire New York Kodansha Globe 1994 281 283 287 ISBN 1 56836 127 0 Pasdermadjian 1918 pp 193 Altstadt 1992 pp 86 Smith 2001 第228頁harvnb error no target CITEREFSmith2001 help The results of the March events were immediate and total for the Musavat Several hundreds of its members were killed in the fighting up to 12 000 Muslim civilians perished thousands of others fled Baku in a mass exodus New Republics in the Caucasus The New York Times Current History March 1920 11 2 492 Michael Smith Pamiat ob utratakh i Azerbaidzhanskoe obshchestvo Traumatic Loss and Azerbaijani National Memory Azerbaidzhan i Rossiia obshchestva i gosudarstva Azerbaijan and Russia Societies and States Sakharov Center 21 August 2011 原始内容存档于2020 04 01 俄语 7 0 7 1 De Waal Thomas The Caucasus An Introduction Oxford University Press 2010 62 ISBN 978 0 19 539976 9 In the so called March Days of 1918 Baku descended into a mini civil war after the Bolsheviks declared war on Musavat Party and then stood by as Dashnak militias rampaged through the city killing Azerbaijanis indiscriminately Suny Ronald Grigor The revenge of the past nationalism revolution and the collapse of the Soviet Union Stanford University Press 1993 41 42 ISBN 0 8047 2247 1 Buttino Marco In a collapsing empire underdevelopment ethnic conflicts and nationalisms in the Soviet Union Volume 28 Feltrinelli Editor 1993 176 ISBN 88 07 99048 2 Violence increased during the Civil War with massacres of Azeri Turks by the combined forced of Armenian Dashnaktsutiun party and the Bolsheviks BAKU IN FLAMES AS BATTLE RAGES 2 000 Killed and 3 000 Wounded in Struggle Between Russians and Mussulmans New York Times 20 May 1918 2 18 August 2011 原始内容存档于2014 04 14 Land of Eternal Fires So the little Republic of Azerbaidjan is called Its territorial dispute with Armenia PDF New York Times 19 October 1919 22 August 2011 原始内容存档 PDF 于2020 12 04 Cronin Stephanie Reformers and revolutionaries in modern Iran new perspectives on the Iranian left Psychology Press 2004 91 ISBN 0 415 33128 5 After the March Days the Bolsheviks finally came to power and established their famous Baku Commune in April 1918 Hovannisian Richard G Armenia on the Road to Independence 1918 Berkeley University of California press 1967 227 ISBN 0 520 00574 0 Croissant Michael P The Armenia Azerbaijan Conflict Causes and Implications London Praeger 1998 15 ISBN 0 275 96241 5 Shahumyan Stepan Letters 1896 1918 Yerevan State Publishing House of Armenia 1959 63 67 On one side were fighting the Soviet Red Guard the Red International Army recently organized by us the Red Fleet which we had succeeded in reorganizing in a short time and Armenian national units On the other side the Muslim Savage Division in which there were quite a few Russian officers and bands of armed Muslims led by the Musavat Party For us the results of the battle were brilliant The destruction of the enemy was complete More than three thousand were killed on both sides Pasdermadjian 1918 p 193 Suny 1972 pp 217 221 Croissant Michael The Armenia Azerbaijan conflict causes and implications Greenwood Publishing Group 1998 14 ISBN 0 275 96241 5 The oil rich city of Baku had emerged as a stronghold of Bolshevism shortly after the October Russian Revolution and friction between the Bolsheviks and the pan Turkic Musavat party sparked a brief civil war in March 1918 Decree of President of Republic of Azerbaijan about genocide of Azerbaijani people March 1998 PACE Written Declaration Recognition of the genocide perpetrated against the Azeri population by the Armenians Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Doc 9066 2nd edition 14 May 2001 原始内容存档于7 June 2007 Genocide Memorial Complex opened in Guba www news az 13 May 2014 原始内容存档于29 September 2018 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 三月事件 阿塞拜疆 amp oldid 80217829, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，
